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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The hydrodynamic stability of nanofluids of one phase is investigated in this paper based on linear stability theory. The overall thrust here is that the linear stability features of nanofluids can be estimated from their corresponding working fluid, at least in special circumstances. METHODS: The approach uses the adjusting parameter to make assertions about stability. This is possible by certain correlations between the resulting eigenvalues. RESULTS: It is shown that as the nanoparticles are added, the mean flow of nanofluids is slightly modified and the resulting eigen space of nano disturbances is built on the corresponding pure flow eigen space of perturbations. Several fluid dynamics problems are revisited to verify the usefulness of the obtained correlations. CONCLUSION: The presented approach in this work serves us to understand the stabilizing/destabilizing effects of nanofluids as compared to the standard base fluids in terms of stability of viscous/inviscid and temporal/spatial senses. To illustrate, the critical Reynolds number in a traditional boundary layer flow is shown to be pushed to higher values with the dispersed nanoparticles in a working fluid, clearly implying the delay in transition from laminar to turbulent state.
Asunto(s)
Hidrodinámica , Nanopartículas , Nanotecnología/métodos , Reología , Algoritmos , Coloides/química , Calor , Modelos Lineales , Programas Informáticos , ViscosidadRESUMEN
Many processes for energy storage rely on transformations between phases with strong separation tendencies. In these systems, performance limitations can arise from undesirable chemical and mechanical factors associated with the phase separation behavior. Solid solutions represent a desirable alternative, provided the conditions for their formation are known. Here, we invoke linear stability theory and diffuse-interface mesoscopic simulations to demonstrate that solid solutions can be stabilized near surface layers of phase-separating systems. Two factors are found to drive surface solid-solution formation: surface relaxation of solution self-strain energy and anisotropy of diffusion mobility. Using a strongly phase-separating LiXFePO4 particle as a model system, we show that the relaxation of the solution self-strain energy competes against the relaxation of the coherency strain energy to stabilize surface solid solutions. Our theoretical understanding also suggests that highly anisotropic diffusion mobility can provide an alternative kinetic route to achieve the same aim, with stabilizing behavior strongly dependent on the specific alignment of the surface orientation. Our findings provide fundamental guidance for manipulating solid-solution behavior in nanoscale structures, in which surface effects become especially significant. Beyond energy storage materials, our findings have important implications for understanding solid-solution formation in other phase-separating systems from metal alloys to ceramics.
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RESUMEN Al proceso de la electrooxidación de procarbacina fue atribuido el mecanismo, incluyendo dos etapas electroquímicas y las dos químicas. También, ha sido desarrollado y analizado un modelo matemático, capaz de describir el comportamiento del sistema. Por su intermedio, se dio la posibilidad de comparar el comportamiento de este sistema con el de los semejantes y análogos, como con el sistema de la electrosíntesis de monómeros.
SUMMARY A mechanism, including two electrochemical and two chemical stages, has been attributed to the procarbazine electrooxidation. Also, a mathematical model, capable to describe the system's behavior, has been developed. My its means, it was possible to compare the behavior of this system with that of the monomers' electrosynthesis.
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El comportamiento y el desempeño electroquímico del electrodo de pasta de carbono químicamente modificado por un líquido iónico (EPCQM), en la detección del galato de propilo, se investigaron matemáticamente desde el punto de vista de la estabilidad del estado estacionario. El modelo matemático correspondiente se analizó por medio de la teoría de estabilidad lineal y análisis de bifurcaciones. Los resultados de modelaje son comparados con los experimentales (para este sistema y semejantes), bien como con los teóricos para otros casos.
The behavior and the electrochemical function of the carbon paste electrode, chemically modified by ionic liquid, have been investigated mathematically from the point of view of steady-state stability. The corresponding mathematical model is analyzed by linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. The modeling results are being compared with experimental results (for this system and for the similar ones), and with theoretical results for other cases.
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Para o processo da eletrooxidação da hidrazina sobre a camada do composto carbonílico derivado de ferroceno, foi sugerido o mecanismo do desempenhoeletroanalítico. Para ele, também foi desenvolvido e analisado (por meio da teoria de estabilidade lineal e análise de bifurcações) o modelo matemático, capaz de descrever os processos no sistema. Os resultados da modelagem foram comparados com os experimentais, bem como com os teóricos, observados para sistemas análogos.
For the process of hydrazine electrooxidation over the layer of ferrocene-carbonylic derivative, the electroanalytic functionmechanism has been suggested. Also there has been developed and analyzed (by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis) the mathematical model, capable to describe the processes in the system. The results of the modeling have been compared with experimental and theoretical for analogous systems.