Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat Traits of Autochthonous Arouquesa Weaners Raised on Traditional and Improved Feeding Systems.

Arouquesa is an autochthonous bovine breed known for its Arouquesa PDO beef labeling. There are several production systems under the definition of PDO labeling. This study aimed to compare the effect of different production systems on carcass and meat traits for the Arouquesa breed. Two trials differing in diet and weaning age were conducted. The first trial included a TF group fed the traditional way and weaned at 9 months; a TF + S1 group, equal to TF, but with a starter supplement; and finally, a S1 + S2 group that was fed with a starter and a growth supplement and weaned at 5 months. The second trial was composed of a TF + S3 group fed like the TF + S1 group but reared until 12 months with a finishing supplement, and finally, the S3 group fed like the S1 + S2 group but reared until 12 months. In the first trial, the TF + S1 and S1 + S2 groups showed higher final live weight and average daily gain. In the second trial, we observed differences in the subcutaneous fat that was higher in the S3 group. Regarding meat traits, we observed differences in exudative and cooking losses in the first trial. In general, supplementation improved meat production without affecting meat quality parameters.

Animal Welfare and Farmers' Satisfaction in Small-Scale Dairy Farms in the Eastern Alps: A "One Welfare" Approach.

The multidimensional concept of animal welfare includes physical health, good emotional state, and appropriate behavior of the animals. The most recent methods for its assessment are inspired by the Welfare Quality, a project compiling animal-, resource-, and management-based measures. Recently, animal welfare assessment has also considered the human factor in a so-called "One Welfare" approach. The One Welfare framework highlights the interconnections between animal welfare, human well-being, and the environment. The concept seems to fit particularly well to mountain areas where the relationship between human, animals, and the environment is stronger. In such disadvantaged areas, farmers' well-being plays a key role in maintaining livestock farming profitably and sustainably. This study aims to investigate the relationship between farmers' satisfaction, animal welfare outcomes, and overall farm performance in 69 small-scale dairy farms in the Eastern Alps. Animal welfare assessment consisted of animal-based measures and was performed using the methodology proposed by the European Food Safety Authority for this type of farm. Moreover, the farmers were interviewed to retrieve data on farm characteristics and on their level of satisfaction toward workload, land organization, relationship with the agricultural/non-agricultural community, and the future of local agriculture. The results show that good animal welfare can be obtained in a mountain farming system. Clinical indicators show a low prevalence of diseases and of very lean cows as opposed to integument alterations. The workload is not perceived as a problem in traditional farms (i.e., tie-stall and with no participation in quality-certification schemes). Animal welfare is higher in those farms where farmers have a positive engagement with both the agricultural and non-agricultural community and where farmers are satisfied with their land organization. A One Welfare approach could be applied on a larger scale to fully understand the links between animal and human well-being in mountain areas.

The Effect of Verbal and Iconic Messages in the Promotion of High-Quality Mountain Cheese: A Non-Hypothetical BDM Approach.

To ensure the sustainable development of mountain livestock farming, the adequate remuneration of high-quality dairy products is fundamental. In this sense, communication strategies aimed at promoting mountain products and ensure better positioning and higher market prices are fundamental. The present research seeks to expand the literature regarding consumers' willingness to pay for mountain foods by using an online real auction experiment aimed at evaluating the premium price that consumers are willing to pay for summer over winter mountain cheese, depending on the information provided concerning the taste anticipation or animal welfare. The results showed an overall small premium price given to the higher quality summer cheese; this could be, partially, due to a generally low degree of consumer knowledge about mountain dairy farming. With reference to communication strategies, the results provide evidence about the effectiveness of the rational messages founded upon sensorial characteristics and the anticipated taste of cheese. In addition, this study explored that adding a logo had no main effect on the price premium participants were willing to pay. This may be due to the fact that logos and claims, having a lower information content, are more indicated to lead the choice of consumers with a higher level of awareness. In the conclusion section, policy and agribusiness implications of the findings are provided.

Árboles y arbustos forrajeros de la región norte-tzotzil de Chiapas, México / Fodder trees and shrubs of the north-tzotzil region of Chiapas, Mexico

Trees and shrubs have been recognized as a strategic resource to improve cattle systems. The objective of the present study was to identify woody species with fodder potential for the cattle systems in the northern mountains region of Chiapas, Mexico, incorporating the farmers' perceptions, chemical-nutritional analysis, and in vitro and in situ digestibility assays of the foliage. Through participatory workshops, the farmers recognized 60 useful woody species within the grazing areas. Of these, 18 are consumed by the cattle and they have multiple uses. Based on the perception and qualification of the farmers, the most promising fodder trees with the potential to be incorporated in a silvopastoral system were identified: Pithecellobium dulce, Guazuma ulmifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena esculenta, Gliricidia sepium, Saurauia scabrida, Chromolaena sp, Erythrina chiapasana, Acacia pennatula, Acacia angustissima, Eysenhardtia adenostylis, Calliandra houstoniana and Mimosa albida. Samples of tree foliage from two seasons of the year and from different grazing areas were collected, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility parameters of the foliage of these trees differed significantly between the wet and dry season. By means of a digestibility in situ assay with bovines, foliage of: Acacia angusstisima, Acacia pennatula, Eysenhardtia adenostylis, Chromolaena sp, and Saurauia scabrida was evaluated and it was shown that among them there is a high variation in the potential of degradation, rate of degradation and effective degradability of the dry matter. Four species are promising for the tropical part of the region (Pithecellobium dulce, Guazuma ulmifolia, Leucaena leucocephala and L. esculenta), two for the temperate zone (Saurauia scabrida and Chromolaena sp) and three that can be used in a large altitudinal range (Erythrina chiapasana, Acacia angustissima and Eysenhardtia adenostylis).

Los árboles y arbustos forrajeros han sido reconocidos como un recurso estratégico para mejorar los sistemas ganaderos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar especies leñosas con potencial forrajero del sistema ganadero de montaña del norte de Chiapas, incorporando la percepción de los productores, análisis químico-nutrimental y ensayos de digestibilidad in vitro e in situ del follaje. Mediante talleres participativos, los productores reconocieron 60 especies leñosas útiles en las áreas de pastoreo, 18 de ellas son consumidas por el ganado bovino y tienen usos múltiples. Con base en la percepción y calificación de los productores se identificaron árboles con potencial silvopastoril: Pithecellobium dulce, Guazuma ulmifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena esculenta, Gliricidia sepium, Saurauia scabrida, Chromolaena sp, Erythrina chiapasana, Acacia pennatula, Acacia angustissima, Eysenhardtia adenostylis, Calliandra houstoniana y Mimosa albida. Se recolectaron muestras de follaje de estos árboles en dos épocas del año y en diferentes áreas de pastoreo; se identificó una amplia variación en la composición química y parámetros de digestibilidad in vitro entre especies y entre las diferentes estaciones del año. Mediante un ensayo de digestibilidad in situ con bovinos, se evaluó el follaje de Acacia angusstisima, Acacia pennatula, Eysenhardtia adenostylis, Chromolaena sp, Saurauia scabrida, y se constató que entre ellas existe una amplia variación en el potencial de degradación, tasa de degradación y degradabilidad efectiva de la materia seca. Cuatro especies son promisorias para la zona cálida de la región (Pithecellobium dulce, Guazuma ulmifolia, Leucaena leucocephala y L. esculenta), dos para la zona fría (Saurauia scabrida y Chromolaena sp) y tres que pueden ser utilizadas en mayor amplitud altitudinal (Erythrina chiapasana, Acacia angustissima y Eysenhardtia adenostylis).