The drospirenone only pill as a contraceptive option for breastfeeding women: First data on users' acceptability and newborn development.

BACKGROUND: Progestin-only pills (POPs) have been used for contraception in breastfeeding women for years. The existing guidelines allow the use of these contraceptives. METHODS: Multicenter study with a single visit and retrospective data review. The study involved 100 women who used a drospirenone-only pill (DRSP) for contraception for at least 5 months during breastfeeding. The study aimed to analyze for those successful users the impact on new-born development, the bleeding profile and evaluate user satisfaction. RESULTS: Analysis of the newborns showed that their growth parameters length and weight, were within the expected range of standard development. The mean birth weight was 3368 g, with the lowest recorded weight being 2860 g and the highest 5040 g. The median length of the newborns was 55 cm, ranging from 35 to 65 cm. All new-borns demonstrated appropriate growth within the established percentiles. Acceptability with the bleeding profile was rated with a VAS score: the mean acceptability rating was 82.8. Women aged 35 years or older reported significantly higher acceptability compared to younger women (≥35 years: mean = 88.4, SD = 16.5; <35 years: mean = 80.3, SD = 20.2) (p = 0.02). Sixty-one patients (N = 61; 61.0%; 95% CI: 50.7 - 70.4%) expressed willingness to continue using DRSP after breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Among those patients who continued the use of the DRSP only-pill for 5 months, this study shows no negative impact for new-borns, with no clinical influence observed on their growth. Additionally, those users expressed high satisfaction with the bleeding profile of the pill.Clinical trial registration number: DRKS00028438 .

Current anesthesia practice for preterm infants undergoing surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis: A European survey.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening intestinal illness mostly affecting preterm infants, which commonly requires surgery. Anesthetic care for these patients is challenging, due to their prematurity and critical illness with hemodynamic instability. Currently, there are no guidelines for anesthetic care for these vulnerable patients. Therefore, this study aimed to describe current anesthesia practices across Europe for infants undergoing surgery for NEC. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey study. PARTICIPANTS: Anesthesiologists working in centers where surgery for NEC is performed across Europe. MEASUREMENTS: A 46-item questionnaire assessing protocols for anesthesia practice, preoperative care, intraoperative care, postoperative care, and the respondent's opinion on the adequacy of anesthetic care for patients with NEC in their center. MAIN RESULTS: Out of the 173 responding anesthesiologists from 31 countries, approximately a third had a written standard protocol for anesthetic care in infants. Three quarters of the respondents screened all patients with NEC preoperatively, and a third structurally performed preoperative multidisciplinary consultation. For induction of general anesthesia, most respondents opted for intravenous anesthesia (n = 73, 43%) or a combination of intravenous and inhalation anesthesia (n = 57, 33%). For intravenous induction, they mostly used propofol (n = 58, 44%), followed by midazolam (n = 43, 33%) and esketamine (n = 42, 32%). For maintenance of anesthesia, inhalation anesthetic agents were more commonly used (solely: n = 71, 41%; in combination: n = 37, 22%), almost exclusively with sevoflurane. Postoperative analgesics mainly included paracetamol and/or morphine. Sixty percent of the respondents (n = 104) considered their anesthetic care for patients with NEC adequate. Suggestions for further improvement mainly revolved around monitoring, protocols, and collaboration. CONCLUSIONS: Anesthesia practice for infants undergoing surgery for NEC was highly variable. Most respondents considered the provided anesthetic care for patients with NEC adequate, but also recognized opportunities for further improvement, especially with regards to monitoring, protocols, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Developing and planning country-specific integrated knowledge translation strategies: experiences from the GELA project in Malawi, Nigeria, and South Africa.

BACKGROUND: The Global Evidence, Local Adaptation (GELA) project aims to maximise the impact of research on poverty-related diseases by increasing researchers' and decision-makers' capacity to use global research to develop locally relevant guidelines for newborn and child health in Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa. To facilitate ongoing collaboration with stakeholders, we adopted an Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) approach within GELA. Given limited research on IKT in African settings, we documented our team's IKT capacity and skills, and process and experiences with developing and implementing IKT in these countries. METHODS: Six IKT champions and a coordinator formed the GELA IKT Working Group. We gathered data on our baseline IKT competencies and processes within GELA, and opportunities, challenges and lessons learned, from April 2022 to March 2023 (Year 1). Data was collected from five two-hour Working Group meetings (notes, presentation slides and video recordings); [2] process documents (flowcharts and templates); and [3] an open-ended questionnaire. Data was analysed using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: Three overarching themes were identified: [1] IKT approach applied within GELA [2], the capacity and motivations of IKT champions, and [3] the experiences with applying the GELA IKT approach in the three countries. IKT champions and country teams adopted an iterative approach to carry out a comprehensive mapping of stakeholders, determine stakeholders' level of interest in and influence on GELA using the Power-Interest Matrix, and identify realistic indicators for monitoring the country-specific strategies. IKT champions displayed varying capacities, strong motivation, and they engaged in skills development activities. Country teams leveraged existing relationships with their National Ministries of Health to drive responses and participation by other stakeholders, and adopted variable communication modes (e.g. email, phone calls, social media) for optimal engagement. Flexibility in managing competing interests and priorities ensured optimal participation by stakeholders, although the time and resources required by IKT champions were frequently underestimated. CONCLUSIONS: The intentional, systematic, and contextualized IKT approach carried out in the three African countries within GELA, provides important insights for enhancing the implementation, feasibility and effectiveness of other IKT initiatives in Africa and similar low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings.

The Influence of Vitamin D on Pregnancy and Outcomes: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the research was to explore the relationship between pathology and pregnancy outcomes with serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels and vitamin D supplementation. METHODS: A literature search was performed for systematic literature reviews published between January 2018 and February 2023. Forty-two publications were selected for further analysis. RESULTS: This study demonstrates that elevated maternal serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with a decreased risk of preterm labour and various pregnancy-related health issues, highlighting the protective benefits of adequate vitamin D during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy at a dose of 2,000 IU or higher is preventive for pre-eclampsia, insulin resistance, and the development of bronchial asthma in early childhood. Vitamin D screening is indicated for all pregnant women. Dosages of vitamin D preparations should be determined individually, considering laboratory tests and risk factors.

BOOSTING SKULL-STRIPPING PERFORMANCE FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN IMAGES.

Skull-stripping is the removal of background and non-brain anatomical features from brain images. While many skull-stripping tools exist, few target pediatric populations. With the emergence of multi-institutional pediatric data acquisition efforts to broaden the understanding of perinatal brain development, it is essential to develop robust and well-tested tools ready for the relevant data processing. However, the broad range of neuroanatomical variation in the developing brain, combined with additional challenges such as high motion levels, as well as shoulder and chest signal in the images, leaves many adult-specific tools ill-suited for pediatric skull-stripping. Building on an existing framework for robust and accurate skull-stripping, we propose developmental SynthStrip (d-SynthStrip), a skull-stripping model tailored to pediatric images. This framework exposes networks to highly variable images synthesized from label maps. Our model substantially outperforms pediatric baselines across scan types and age cohorts. In addition, the <1-minute runtime of our tool compares favorably to the fastest baselines. We distribute our model at https://w3id.org/synthstrip.

Influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure on sleep patterns in preterm neonates.

PURPOSE: The study objective was to assess the influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure on sleep patterns in preterm newborns. We hypothesized that an increase in RF-EMF exposure levels would alter infants' sleep structure parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Individual, continuous measurements of RF-EMF levels were performed in 29 hospitalized preterm newborns throughout the first 21 days after birth. The last day, overnight sleep structure was recorded by polysomnography. Relationships between both chronic (three-week period) and acute (polysomnographic period) RF-EMF levels with sleep parameters were computed. RESULTS: At median levels, the main chronic effect was an increase in indeterminate sleep with RF-EMF exposure. At the highest exposure levels found in our study, an increase in RF-EMF levels increased sleep fragmentation. No significant relationship was found between acute RF-EMF levels and sleep parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Despite no consolidated disruption in sleep structure, this study is the first to show that some sleep parameters seem to have a certain sensitivity to chronic - but not acute - RF-EMF exposure in preterm newborns. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and examine possible mid- to long-term, sleep-related cardiorespiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Anemia burden in pregnancy and birth outcomes among women receiving antenatal care services from a secondary level hospital in South India: A record review.

Introduction: Anaemia in pregnant women is a major public health problem and is associated with adverse outcomes both in pregnant mothers and new-borns. According to NFHS-5, 45.7% of women in urban India were affected by anaemia during their pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of pregnant women who were anaemic and its effect on maternal and birth outcomes, and additionally, to assess the various socio-economic factors contributing to anaemia during pregnancy. Methodology: Data was collected by reviewing records between December 2018 and December 2021 of 302 pregnant women who had received antenatal care at a secondary level health facility in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu. The data included details of socio-economic parameters, parity, haemoglobin levels, mode of delivery, pregnancy related complications during the antenatal period and during delivery, including need for blood transfusions in mothers. Birth-related outcomes like miscarriages, intra-uterine death, low birth weight (LBW), need for NICU admission and congenital defects were also analysed. Variables in the study are described as frequencies and proportions. Appropriate tests were used to check for association and a P- value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the women was 24 ± 3.72 years and the mean Haemoglobin level during the first trimester was 10.5 ± 1.12 gm/dl. The proportion of women with anaemia in the first trimester was 174 (57.6%). Among the anaemics, 15 (8.6%) required treatment in the form of injectable iron and 29 (16.7%) required blood transfusion. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (31.6%) (P < 0.05), preeclampsia (38.9%) (P < 0.02) less among anaemic. Hyperemesis (66.7%) (P = 0.58), risk of miscarriage (57.8%) (P = 0.94), postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) (80.0%) (P = 0.15) was higher in the anaemic group. Adverse Neonatal-related outcomes such as low birth weight babies (52.0%) (P = 0.54), meconium aspiration (72.7%) (P = 0.25) and need for NICU admission (75.0%) (P = 0.25) was higher in babies born to anaemic pregnant women. Conclusions: The proportion of anaemic women was 57.6%. There was no significant difference in maternal demographic characteristics or obstetric factors between anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women. GDM, pre-eclampsia was less prevalent among anaemic women. Hyperemesis, risk of abortion, postpartum haemorrhage and low birth weight (LBW) infants was higher in anaemic pregnancies. The need for providing education regarding iron supplementation and early detection of anaemia during pregnancy should be emphasised to avoid complications.

Tailored Approach to Evaluation and Management of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis in a Safety-Net Teaching Hospital in Northeast Florida.

Objective Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns in the immediate postnatal period. High empiric antibiotic use in well-appearing infants with known risk factors for sepsis led the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to revise its 2010 guidelines for the evaluation and management of EONS to avoid overuse of antibiotics. In this recent clinical report, the AAP provided a framework that outlined several evidence-based approaches for sepsis risk assessment in newborns that can be adopted by institutions based on local resources and structure. One of these approaches, the sepsis risk calculator (SRC) developed by Kaiser Permanente, has been widely validated for reducing unnecessary antibiotic exposure and blood work in infants suspected of having EONS. In order to determine the utility and safety of modifying our institution's protocol to the SRC, we implemented a two-phased approach to evaluate the use of SRC in our newborn nursery. Phase 1 utilized a retrospective review of cases with SRC superimposition. If results from Phase 1 were found to be favorable, Phase 2 initiated a trial of the SRC for a six-month period prior to complete implementation. Methods Phase 1 consisted of retrospectively applying the SRC to electronic medical records (EMR) of infants ≥ 35 weeks' gestational age admitted to the newborn nursery with risk factors for EONS between June 2016 and May 2017. We compared actual antibiotic use as determined by the unit's EONS protocol for evaluation and management based on 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and AAP guidelines to SRC-recommended antibiotic use. We used EMR to determine maternal and infant data, blood work results, and antibiotic usage as well as used daily progress notes by the clinical team to determine the clinical status of the infants retrospectively. Based on the projected reduction in blood work and antibiotics use with the retrospective superimposition of SRC on this cohort of infants and identification of our high-risk patient subset, we developed a novel, hybrid EONS protocol that we implemented and assessed throughout Phase 2, a six-month period from August 2018 to January 2019, as a prospective observational study. Results Phase 1 (SRC superimposition) demonstrated that the use of the SRC would have reduced empiric antibiotic use from 56% to 13% in the study cohort when compared with 2010 CDC/AAP guidelines. However, these same findings revealed use of the SRC would have resulted in delayed evaluation and initiation of antibiotics in 2 of 4 chorioamnionitis-exposed infants with positive blood cultures. During Phase 2 (n=302), with the implementation of our tailored approach (SRC implementation with additional blood culture in chorioamnionitis-exposed infants), 12 (4%) neonates received empiric antibiotic treatment compared to nine (3%) neonates who would have been treated per strict adherence to SRC recommendations. No neonate had culture-positive EONS. Continued use of 2010 CDC/AAP guidelines would have led to empiric antibiotic use in 38 (12.6%) infants in this cohort. Conclusion We developed a novel hybrid approach to the evaluation and management of neonates at increased risk of EONS by tailoring SRC recommendations to our safety-net population. Our stewardship effort achieved a safe and significant reduction in antibiotic usage compared to prior usage determined using CDC/AAP guidelines.

Collodion baby: A rare case report.

INTRODUCTION: Collodion baby "CB" is an extremely rare dermatological condition. Approximately 1 in 100,000 births are identified as infants with CB syndrome, including stillbirths (Dyer et al., 2013). A cornified substance replaces the newborn's skin, giving the body a varnished or parchment-like appearance. CASE PRESENTATION: Patient aged 30 years, third gesture, third pare, admitted for premature delivery of 8 months. After labor management, she gave birth 2 h after admission to the maternity ward of a living newborn female weighing 2400 g. The initial physical examination revealed large, thick scales all over the body. Examination of the head and neck revealed an abnormal parchment-like membrane covering the head and sparse hairs. Excessive scaling around the mouth gives a typical fish-like appearance. No other obvious abnormalities were observed. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: CB is an extremely rare dermatological condition. This is a disorder secondary to cornification. These children are generally born prematurely, and are not diagnosed until after birth. Due to the presence of a tight membrane, these babies develop numerous complications such as eclabium, ectropion, limited movement of the extremities and fingers. Treatment consists mainly of support, such as the use of intravenous fluids, incubators, tube feeding and emollients. CONCLUSION: The collodion baby is a newborn characterized by an altered skin barrier, exposing him or her to numerous complications. Fortunately, the mortality rate has fallen thanks to improved neonatal care.

Rotavirus Vaccination of Premature Newborns in the NICU: Evaluation of Vaccination Rates and Safety Based on a Single-Centre Study.

Preterm newborns are babies born before the end of the 36th week of gestational life. They are at increased risk of infection and death from infectious diseases. This is due, among other things, to the immaturity of the immune system and the long hospitalisation period. One common infectious disease in the paediatric population is rotavirus (RV) infection. We now have specific vaccines against this pathogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of rotavirus vaccination in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting and to determine the tolerance of this vaccine in low- and extremely low-weight children. The study carried out at a single centre, the University Hospital in Kraków, also allowed the assessment of vaccination trends during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. During the observation period, 126 premature newborns received the RV vaccine. We observed no adverse effects, and our analysis shows safety and good tolerance of the vaccine among preterm babies. In addition, we observed an increase in vaccination rates between 2019 and 2021, partly explained by parents' anxiety about infectious diseases in the era of pandemics and partly explained by a change in vaccination policy in Poland and the introduction of refunding for RV vaccination.

Respiratory problems in full term newborns, which parameters are related to the length of in-patient stay?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze respiratory problems of full term newborn babies during their first hours of life, compare parameters related to the length of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in-patient stay, and discuss perinatal care practices, which could prevent consequences, and/or reduce associated costs of NICU hospitalization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review between July 31st 2017 and March 2nd 2018 in a tertiary maternity hospital. Chi-square testing analyzed qualitative data. Mann-Whitney test was used for quantitative variables. Multiple linear regression models determined odds ratios for associations were found to be significant in univariate analyses. RESULTS: 86 babies with respiratory problems were studied. Delivery mode was vaginal in 11.6% and caesarean section in 88.4% of newborns. About 52.3% of admitted newborns had transient tachypnea and improved relatively quickly. Newborns resuscitated in (P = 0.004) or admitted to the NICU from the delivery room (P = 0.000) displayed greater need for O2 administration. Twenty neonates were intubated; 16 of them were administered surfactant. Infection (P < 0.05), abnormal chest x-ray (P = 0.022), and the severity of respiratory system morbidity (P < 0.05) prolonged neonatal in-patient stay. Respiratory problems (P = 0.003) and intubation (P = 0.032) incurred greater hospitalization costs. Breastfeeding initiation before the 3rd day of life (P = 0.031), and O2 administration for more than 72 h (P = 0.036) were significantly associated with the length of in-patient stay in the multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Mandating the presence of a pediatrician in the delivery room would optimize justified direct NICU admissions and reduce the possibility of delayed diagnosis of respiratory distress during rooming-in. NICU in-patient stay in full term neonates should be based on combining diagnostic markers of sepsis, such as procalcitonin or interleukin-6. A specific protocol regarding surfactant administration in intubated full term infants is also necessary. The severity of respiratory system morbidity is not the key determinant of infant feeding. Maternal information regarding infant health and breastfeeding abilities may improve breastfeeding rates.

Use of antipsychotics during pregnancy and their impact on congenital malformations and early neonatal adaptation.

OBJECTIVE: Review of recent literature dealing with the effect of antipsychotic use during pregnancy on early postpartum adaptation of exposed infants and the development of congenital malformations. RESULTS: The use of antipsychotics during pregnancy does not appear to lead to significantly higher risk of congenital malformations but may pose a greater risk for the early adaptation of the newborn (especially the risk of preterm birth and intensive care unit admission). The study to date face methodological limitations - lack of information on exact doses of antipsychotics, lack of control groups of women with psychiatric problems but not taking antipsychotics and failure to control for confounding factors. CONCLUSION: The available data suggest the relative safety of antipsychotics during pregnancy, provided that potential risks are known, and the woman and her baby are carefully monitored.

Abuse of a newborn - the need for professional awareness of this increasingly common social problem.

Child abuse, whether physical, sexual, or psychological, is a health and social problem both globally and regionally. During the examination and diagnostic treatment of a child due to trauma, it is necessary to take into account physical abuse as a possible cause of trauma. We present the case of a female newborn referred from the General Hospital due to inconsolable crying and poor mobility of the left leg. According to the anamnesis, clinical examination, and diagnostic processing, physical violence was highly suspected. Specific fractures were verified by X-ray and computed tomography, and after excluding possible other causes, the case was reported to the competent institutions that excluded the child from the family. Given the increase in domestic violence, healthcare professionals must be aware of the fact that they must pay extra attention to certain indicators and act accordingly. When abuse is suspected, such children require a multidisciplinary approach by several specialists to minimize the possibility of error in the final diagnosis.

Pattern and predictors of mortality among inborn and out born neonates on ventilatory support: an unmatched case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Limited literature was available on the pattern and determinants of mortality among inborn neonates in comparison to the out born ones. The study's goal was to investigate the patterns and risk factors for mortality among hospitalised, on-ventilator inborn and out born neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was an unmatched, case-control, pilot study conducted between January and December 2020 using information retrieved from the medical records of patients attending the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary healthcare facility, namely Narayan Medical College & Hospital, situated in eastern India. RESULTS: Congenital pneumonia was the leading cause of death in inborn neonates, with an overall mortality rate of 33.4%. Meanwhile, the overall fatality rate for out born neonates was found to be 43.3%, with birth hypoxia being the most common cause. The only significant attribute affecting mortality in inborn neonates was low arterial blood gas (ABG) pH, whereas in out born neonates they were prematurity, thrombocytopenia, low ABG pO2, and high pCO2. Overall, new-borns with thrombocytopenia, low ABG pO2, and high pCO2 were observed to be at higher risk for mortality compared to others. CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of out born neonates was higher than inborn ones. The attributes affecting mortality were observed to be prematurity, thrombocytopenia, low ABG pH, pO2, and high pCO2.

Outbreak of OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal intensive care unit in Western Sweden.

In 2015, an outbreak caused by OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae affected a neonatal intensive care unit at a Swedish University Hospital. The aim was to explore the transmission of OXA-48-producing strains between infants and the transfer of resistance plasmids between strains during the outbreak. Twenty-four outbreak isolates from ten suspected cases were whole-genome sequenced. A complete assembly was created for the index isolate (Enterobacter cloacae) and used as a mapping reference to detect its plasmids in the remaining isolates (17 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 Klebsiella aerogenes, and 2 Escherichia coli). Strain typing was performed using core genome MLST and SNP analysis. As judged from sequencing and clinical epidemiological data, the outbreak involved nine cases (two developed sepsis) and four OXA-48-producing strains: E. cloacae ST1584 (index case), K. pneumoniae ST25 (eight cases), K. aerogenes ST93 (two cases), and E. coli ST453 (2 cases). Two plasmids from the index strain, pEclA2 and pEclA4, carrying blaOXA48 and blaCMY-4, respectively, were traced to all K. pneumoniae ST25 isolates. Klebsiella aerogenes ST93 and E. coli ST453 harboured either only pEclA2, or both pEclA2 and pEclA4. One suspected case harbouring OXA-162-producing K. pneumoniae ST37 could be excluded from the outbreak. Once initiated by an E. cloacae strain, the outbreak was caused by the dissemination of a K. pneumoniae ST25 strain and involved inter-species horizontal transfer of two resistance plasmids, one of which carried blaOXA-48. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an outbreak of OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal setting in northern Europe.

Parental perceptions to new-born screening for hearing loss in Nigeria: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perceptions of parents towards universal new-born screening for hearing loss in Nigeria. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) system. A comprehensive search was undertaken using multiple databases (National Library of Medicine, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE) published in English between 2009 and 2018. The sample size of 10 studies were retrieved by using a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, keywords, and Boolean operator search patterns. Data extraction and analysis and quality appraisal of the selected articles was carried out. RESULTS: 80% of the identified studies indicated negative perceptions of Nigerian parents towards new-born hearing loss screening programmes. Possible reasons behind such negative perceptions were categorised into demographic factors, psychological factors, behavioural factors, and service-related factors. Specifically, barriers included low income, misconceptions, mode of delivery, fear of associated risk with screening procedure, preference for traditional medicines, inappropriately designed screening programmes, cost of screening programmes, resource-limited settings, lack of awareness about risk factors and their effects. CONCLUSION: The research concluded that it is necessary to focus on the range of underlying factors (including awareness and education) contributing in shaping the above mentioned negative perceptions among Nigerian parents. The findings have great implications for the theoretical researchers for developing future research path as well as practical suggestion for authorities in policymaking in the healthcare sector in Nigeria.

Newborn Care Practices and Associated Factors Influencing Their Health in a Northern Rural India.

INTRODUCTION: In developing countries, neonatal mortality is the most neglected health issue by the health system, leading to its emergence as a public health problem. A study was undertaken to assess the influence of factors and newborn care practices influencing newborn health in the rural area of Bareilly district. METHODOLOGY: The descriptive cross-sectional study was organized in the rural areas of Bareilly. Study participants were selected based on the mothers who gave birth to a baby during the last six months. The mothers who delivered in that area within six months were included and, using the semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 2021 version for windows. RESULTS: Out of 300 deliveries, nearly one-quarter of the deliveries, 66 (22%), were happening in homes, and most of the deliveries, 234 (78%), happened in hospitals. It was observed that unsafe cord care practices were observed more among nuclear families, 8 (53.4%), than joint families, 7 (46.6%), and it was found to be statistically insignificant. The Unsafe feed was given 48 (72.7%) more commonly among home deliveries than institutional deliveries 56 (23.9%). Mothers' initiation of delayed breastfeeding was nearly the same in both home and hospital deliveries. Delayed bathing was observed in nearly three-fourths of mothers, 125 (70.1%), aged 24-29 years, followed by 29 (16.8%) in the age period of 30-35 years. CONCLUSION: The practice of essential newborn care still needs to improve in Bareilly; there is a need to create awareness among the mothers and family members on newborn and early neonatal care aspects, such as promoting exclusive and early initiation of breastfeeding and delayed bathing practices.

Proper Depth of Percutaneous Central Venous Catheter via the Great Saphenous Vein for Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Single-Center, Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: A proper depth of percutaneous central venous catheter (PCVC) is very important to reduce procedural time and prevent various complications in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants who require minimal handling or have a sensitive skin. The objective of this study was to suggest a formula for faster and proper insertion of PCVC in VLBWIs to prevent unintended consequences of patients' conditions. METHODS: Prospective data of VLBW infants admitted from June 2015 to January 2018 who had PCVC inserted via the great saphenous vein within seven days after birth were analyzed. Correlations of length of inserted PCVC with body weight, body length, and postmenstrual age at the date of PCVC insertion were determined with a linear regression analysis. Using results of this analysis, a formula to determine the optimal insertion length of PCVC was derived. Coefficient of determination was used to assess how well outcomes were replicated by the formula. RESULTS: The formula to predict the proper insertion length of PCVC via the great saphenous vein at popliteal crease level was obtained as follows: Optimal Length (cm) = 3.8 × Body Weight (kg) + 11.1. With everyday movements such as flexion and extension of the lower extremities, the mean difference in catheter tip position was 7.0 ± 3.9 mm, which was not significant enough to escalate the risk of catheter tip displacement. The rate of catheter-related complications was as low as 4.9% in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The formula derived from this study to predict the optimal PCVC insertion length could benefit VLBW infants by reducing procedural time and lowering the risk of complications.

Emergency button cannula vs. umbilical catheter as neonatal emergency umbilical vein access - a randomized cross-over pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Establishing immediate intravenous access to a newborn is challenging even for trained neonatologists in an emergency situation. Correct placement of umbilical catheter or an intraosseous needle needs consistent training. We evaluated the time required to correctly place an emergency umbilical button cannula (EUC) or an umbilical catheter (UC) using the standard intersection (S-EUC or S-UC, respectively) or lateral umbilical cord incision (L-EUC) by untrained medical personnel. METHODS: Single-center cross-over pilot-study using a model with fresh umbilical cords. Video-based teaching of medical students before probands performed all three techniques after assignment to one of three cycles with different sequence, using a single umbilical cord divided in three pieces for each proband. RESULTS: Mean time required to establish L-EUC was 89.3 s, for S-EUC 82.2 s and for S-UC 115.1 s. Both application routes using the EUC were significantly faster than the UC technique. There was no significant difference between both application routes using EUC (p=0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Using an umbilical cannula is faster than an umbilical catheter, using a lateral incision of the umbilical vein is an appropriate alternative.