Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Acute Toxicity Of Pereskia aculeata, In Zophobas morio Larvae.

Pereskia aculeata has been widely investigated due to its anti-inflammatory potential. Among the metabolites found in this species are the phytosterols beta-sitosterol (ß-SIT) and stigmasterol (STIG). The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and toxicity activities of the hexane partition of P. aculeata (PHEX), as well as ß-SIT and STIG. PHEX was prepared and the phytosterols were quantified. In terms of toxicity against L929 fibroblast cells, PHEX showed toxicity up to 200 µg/mL; STIG and ß-SIT showed toxicity up to 25 µg/mL. PHEX inhibited 66 % of nitric oxide radicals, while STIG and ß-SIT inhibited 33.73 % and 34.94 %, respectively. In an anti-inflammatory test against Zophobas morio larvae, all samples significantly reduced hemocyte levels. Additionally, the LD50 values were calculated: 229.6 mg/kg for PHEX, 101.5 mg/kg for STIG, and 103.8 mg/kg for ß-SIT. In conclusion, the study indicates that the phytosterols present in PHEX may contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity.

Pereskia aculeata Miller as a Novel Food Source: A Review.

Pereskia aculeata Miller is an edible plant species belonging to the Cactaceae family. It has the potential to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its nutritional characteristics, bioactive compounds, and mucilage content. Pereskia aculeata Miller is native to the Neotropical region, where it is traditionally employed as food in rural communities, being popularly known as 'ora-pro-nobis' (OPN) or the Barbados gooseberry. The leaves of OPN are distinguished by their nontoxicity and nutritional richness, including, on a dry basis, 23% proteins, 31% carbohydrates, 14% minerals, 8% lipids, and 4% soluble dietary fibers, besides vitamins A, C, and E, and phenolic, carotenoid, and flavonoid compounds. The OPN leaves and fruits also contain mucilage composed of arabinogalactan biopolymer that presents technofunctional properties such as thickener, gelling, and emulsifier agent. Moreover, OPN is generally used for pharmacological purposes in Brazilian folk medicine, which has been attributed to its bioactive molecules with metabolic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, in the face of the growing research and industrial interests in OPN as a novel food source, the present work reviews its botanical, nutritional, bioactive, and technofunctional properties, which are relevant for the development of healthy and innovative food products and ingredients.

Ocular Biomechanics and Glaucoma.

Biomechanics is a branch of biophysics that deals with mechanics applied to biology. Corneal biomechanics have an important role in managing patients with glaucoma. While evidence suggests that patients with thin and stiffer corneas have a higher risk of developing glaucoma, it also influences the accurate measurement of intraocular pressure. We reviewed the pertinent literature to help increase our understanding of the biomechanics of the cornea and other ocular structures and how they can help optimize clinical and surgical treatments, taking into consideration individual variabilities, improve the diagnosis of suspected patients, and help monitor the response to treatment.

How cutting types and shading levels influence the vegetative propagation of Pereskia aculeata? / Como o tipo de estaca e níveis de sombreamento influenciam a propagação vegetativa de Pereskia aculeata?

Information from Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) responses regarding the portion of the stem cuttings branch parental plants and the shading level need to be investigated in order to establish techniques for their producing seedlings. We aimed was to evaluate the effect of cutting types and shading levels in the production of P. aculeata seedlings. We studied three cutting types, collected from different portions of the stem cuttings branch: herbaceous, semi-hardwood, and hardwood, which were arranged under two shading levels: 0% (full sun) or 50% (shade). The selected parent plants had an adequate and vigorous phytosanitary aspect. After 90 days after the cuttings, the seedlings were evaluated regarding survival, growth indicators, biomass production and partitioning, and allometric indices. Seedlings from hardwood cuttings and produced under 0% shading showed higher survival. The largest number of sprouts occurred in seedlings of semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings. The highest leaf area values ​​occurred in seedlings of semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings under 0% shading. Seedlings from hardwood cuttings had higher biomass allocation in the roots under 50% shading. Seedlings of herbaceous and semi-hardwood portion allocated values ≥ 70% of the biomass in the aerial part. Seedlings of species are able to adjust to different shading levels as a plasticity mechanism. For the production of P. aculeata seedlings, the hardwood portion of the stem cuttings branch under full sun cultivation is recommended. In addition, semi-hardwood cuttings grown under 50% shading can also be used for seedlings production.

Informações das respostas da Pereskia aculeata Miller. (Cactaceae) quanto à porção da estaca do ramo da planta matriz e o nível de sombreamento precisam ser investigadas com o intuito de estabelecer protocolos para sua produção de mudas. Objetivamos avaliar o efeito do tipo de estaca e níveis de sombreamento na produção de mudas de P. aculeata. Estudamos três tipos de estacas baseados na porção de coleta do ramo: herbácea, semi-lenhosa e lenhosa, acondicionadas sob dois níveis de sombreamento: 0% (pleno sol) ou 50% (sombra). As plantas matrizes selecionadas tiveram aspecto fitossanitário adequado e eram vigorosas. Após 90 dias da estaquia, as mudas foram avaliadas quanto a sobrevivência, indicadores de crescimento, produção e particionamento de biomassa e índices alométricos. Mudas provenientes de estacas lenhosas e produzidas sob 0% de sombreamento tiveram maior sobrevivência. Os maiores números de brotos ocorreram nas mudas de estacas da porção semi-lenhosas e lenhosa. As maiores áreas foliares e radiculares ocorreram nas mudas de estacas semi-lenhosas e lenhosas sob 0% de sombreamento. Mudas provenientes de estacas da porção lenhosa tiveram maior alocação de biomassa nas raízes sob 50% de sombreamento. Mudas de estacas da porção herbáceas e semilenhosas alocaram valores ≥ 70% de biomassa da parte aérea. As mudas da espécie são capazes de se ajustar aos diferentes níveis de sombreamento como mecanismo de plasticidade. Para a produção de mudas de P. aculeata¸ recomenda-se utilizar a porção lenhosa do ramo do caule sob pleno sol. Além disso, estacas semi-lenhosas crescidas sob 50% de sombreamento podem ser utilizadas para a produção de mudas.

Plantas alimentícias não convencionais: revisão / Non-conventional food plants: review / Plantas alimenticias no convencionales: revisión

As plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANCs) são hortaliças nativas, normalmente encontradas em calçadas ou terrenos abandonados, sempre fizeram parte do cardápio dos antepassados. No entanto, com a modernização da agricultura e do êxodo rural, seu consumo foi esquecido de ser repassado para as gerações futuras. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANCs), sua importância na alimentação e farmacológica. A metodologia consistiu na realização de levantamento bibliográfico, com as principais plantas utilizadas como alimento pelos antepassados sendo as plantas Pereskia aculeata Miller, Basella alba, Sonchus oleraceus, Stachys byzantina, Taraxacum Officinale, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Dioscorea bulbifera, Physalis angulata, Acmella oleracea, Tropaeolum majus. Através deste estudo pode-se constatar que estas plantas são úteis, pois além de apresentar valor nutricional e a sua utilização na alimentação, também são utilizadas como como plantas medicinais, devido à presença de compostos ativos responsáveis pela ação biológica.

Unconventional food plants (PANCs) are native vegetables, usually found on sidewalks or abandoned land, have always been part of the ancestors' menu. Nonetheless, with the modernization of agriculture and the rural exodus, its consumption was forgotten to be passed on to future generations. The objective of this study was to carry out a bibliographic survey on unconventional food plants (PANCs), their importance in food and pharmacology. The methodology consisted of carrying out a bibliographic survey, with the main plants used as food by the ancestors being the plants Pereskia aculeata Miller, Basella alba, Sonchus oleraceus, Stachys byzantina, Taraxacum Officinale, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Dioscorea bulbifera, Physalis angulata, Acmella oleracea, Tropaeolum majus. Through this study it can be seen that these plants are useful, because in addition to presenting nutritional value and their use in food, they are also used as medicinal plants, due to the presence of active compounds responsible for biological action.

Las plantas alimenticias no convencionales (PANC, por sus siglas en inglés) son vegetales nativos, que generalmente se encuentran en las aceras o en terrenos abandonados, y siempre han sido parte del menú de los antepasados. Sin embargo, con la modernización de la agricultura y el éxodo rural, su consumo quedó en el olvido para pasar a las generaciones futuras. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un levantamiento bibliográfico sobre las plantas alimenticias no convencionales (PANCs), su importancia en la alimentación y farmacología. La metodología consistió en realizar un levantamiento bibliográfico, siendo las principales plantas utilizadas como alimento por los ancestros las plantas Pereskia aculeata Miller, Basella alba, Sonchus oleraceus, Stachys byzantina, Taraxacum Officinale, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Dioscorea bulbifera, Physalis angulata, Acmella oleracea , Tropaeolum mayor. A través de este estudio se puede apreciar que estas plantas son útiles, pues además de presentar valor nutritivo y su uso en la alimentación, también son utilizadas como plantas medicinales, debido a la presencia de compuestos activos responsables de la acción biológica.

Influence of Harvest Time on the Chemical Profile of Pereskia aculeate Mill. Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry.

This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and the production of bioactive compounds of Pereskia aculeata Mill. at different harvest times. Here, we performed a qualitative evaluation of the chemical profile by paper spray mass spectrometry (PSMS), the phenolic acid and flavonoid profile by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, color characteristics, total soluble solids (TSS), total solids (TS), pH, and total titratable acidity (TTA). The chemical profile was not affected, with the exception of 4,5-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene and azelaic acid, which was only identified in the leaves harvested during the winter. The content of four phenolic acids and three flavonoids were analyzed; out of these, no significant amounts of ellagic acid and quercetin were detected. There was no difference in production of bioactive compounds between seasons, reflecting the antioxidant activity, which also did not differ. Brightness, chroma, and leaf pH were the only physicochemical characteristics that did not vary between seasons.

Pereskia aculeata leaves: properties and potentialities for the development of new products.

Pereskia aculeata Mill., known as Ora-Pro-Nobis or Barbados gooseberry, arouse the interest of food and pharmaceutical industries due to its bioactive compounds and mucilage. We conducted a peer-reviewed survey using Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Science Direct, and Scifinder platforms, as well as patent bases for new products. We selected articles which highlighted composition of leaves and applications in the development of new products. Mucilage shows great potential in the development of complexes or microparticles to transport active molecules. Reports on anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of P. aculeata leaves open a research field to obtain pharmaceutical products. Emulsifying properties of mucilage have been explored in food processing. Another potential use is the development of films for functional and/or edible packaging. The polysaccharide chain, the main mucilage constituent, can interact with other biopolymers to be explored in colloidal chemistry for the production of biomaterials in the next years.

Corneal biomechanics and glaucoma beyond the bidirectional impact of intraocular pressure and corneal deformation response / Biomecânica corneana e glaucoma além do impacto bididirecional da pressão intraocular e da resposta da deformação corneana

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to highlight the impact of biomechanical corneal response in available in vivo tonometry methods for glaucoma management. Systematic review of non-contact air-puff tonometers that analyzes the corneal deformation response, with special focus on the investigation of the correlation of derived parameters with intraocular pressure measurements. The two actual and commercially available in vivo corneal tonometers provide promising information about biomechanical characteristics of the cornea and its relation to glaucoma, allowing the development of new protocols to evaluate, diagnose, and manage this disease.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é destacar o impacto da resposta biomecânica corneana em métodos de tonometria in vivo disponíveis para o manejo do glaucoma. Trata-se de revisão sistemática de tonômetros de ar que analisa a resposta à deformação corneana, com foco especial na investigação da correlação dos parâmetros derivados com as medições da pressão intraocular. Os dois tonômetros mais recentes e comercialmente disponíveis fornecem informações promissoras sobre as características biomecânicas da córnea e sua relação com o glaucoma, permitindo o desenvolvimento de novos protocolos para avaliar, diagnosticar e controlar a doença.

Effect of Pereskia aculeata Mill. in vitro and in overweight humans: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.) flour on the adhesion of probiotics to intestinal epithelial cells and to evaluate the effect of a product based on this flour on gastrointestinal symptoms, weight, body fat, glycemia, and lipid profile in overweight men. METHODS: Microbiological counts (probiotic count, survival after in vitro gastrointestinal resistance, Caco-2 cell adhesion) were analyzed. A randomized, cross-over intervention was performed. Intestinal microbiota was indirectly assessed on the basis of consistency, color of feces, and gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS: P. aculeata did not affect Lactobacillus casei adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Ora-pro-nobis flour improved gastrointestinal symptoms and increased satiety. CONCLUSION: The consumption of ora-pro-nobis flour improved intestinal health. In addition, it maintained the high adherence of L. casei to intestinal cells as well as patient anthropometric and biochemical parameters. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Pereskia aculeata Mill. is well known in folk medicine and has several nutrients; however, there are few studies on this plant. This is the first study to analyze the influence of P. aculeata on bacterial adherence and the first cross-over clinical trial to evaluate the beneficial potential of ora-pro-nobis flour in overweight men. Thus, this study will contribute to the promotion of ora-pro-nobis as a functional ingredient and will arouse the interest of industries to develop related healthy foods. In addition, it is an effective dietary strategy to improve the gastrointestinal health of men.

Influence of different parts of cuttings and substrates on vegetative propagation of pereskia aculeata miller / Influência de diferentes partes de estacas e substratos na propagação vegetativa de Pereskia aculeata miller

Pereskia aculeta Miller, commonly know as ora-pro-nóbis in some regions of Brazil, is a plant stands out due to its high protein content, presenting great potential for use. There is na increasing interest in the use of ora-pro-nóbis as raw material by the food industry like as concentrate form (deydrated and ground) or for direct consumption as leafy vegeTables by the population. So, is important to know the best way to propagate this specie. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of cutting position from stem and the substrate type under growth and development of ora-pro-nóbis during seedlings production. For incresing the seedlings production to supply the demand and the lack scientific studies on this theme, this study is important to development research to vegetative propagation and substrate to produce ora-pro-nóbis seedlings. For vegetative propagation three types of cutting were used: apical, median and from the basal part of the stem. The cuttings were planted in four types of substrate: S1 = soil; S2 = soil + clean sand (1:1); S3 = soil + clean sand + cattle manure (2:1:1) and S4 = Bioplant® commercial substrate. Sixty days after the experiment was set up, the cuttings were examined considering: the Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) index, the number of leaves, the number of shoots, root length, and dry and fresh mass from the root and from the aerial part. The physiological maturation of the stem and the tested substrate type showed differences on the quality of the cutting. The cutting originated from the basal and medium part harvested from the branch of the year and the substrate soil + sand + manure allowed the best growth and development of the ora-pro-nóbis seedlings

Pereskia aculeta Miller, comumente chamada de ora-pro-nóbis em algumas regiões do Brasil, é uma planta que se destaca pelo seu alto teor de proteínas, com grande potencial de uso. Observa-se o crescente interesse pelo uso de ora-pro-nóbis como matéria-prima pela indústria alimentícia na forma de concentrado (desidratado e moído), e da popularização do consumo direto como hortaliça folhosa pela população, diante disto é importante conhecer a melhor forma de propagação da espécie. Objetivou-se com este estudo analisar a influência da posição da estaca retirada do ramo, e o tipo de substrato, sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento de ora-pro-nóbis durante a fase de produção de mudas. Com necessidade de um aumento deprodução de mudas para atender a demanda, e na ausência de trabalhos científicos sobre este assunto, econsiderando a necessidade de informações na literatura, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de pesquisas direcionadas para a propagação vegetativa e substrato para mudas de ora-pro-nóbis. Para a propagação vegetativa foram utilizadas três tipos de estacas: apicais, medianas e da parte basal do ramo. O plantio das estacas foi realizado em quatro tipos de substratos: S1= solo; S2= solo+areia lavada (1:1); S3= solo+areia lavada+esterco bovino curtido (2:1:1) e S4= substrato comercial Bioplant®. Após 60 dias a instalação do experimento, as mudas foram analisadas quanto ao: índice Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD), número de folhas, número de brotações, comprimento de raiz e massa da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e raiz. A maturação fisiológica do ramo e o tipo de substrato testado evidenciaram diferenças na qualidade de mudas de ora-pro-nóbis. A estaca oriunda da parte basal e mediana do ramo cultivada em solo+areia+esterco proporcionou melhor qualidade nas mudas de ora-pro-nóbis

Avaliação do teor de zinco em Pereskia grandfolia Haw / Evaluation of the zinc content in Pereskia grandfolia Haw

A utilização de alimentos alternativos para o combate à fome na população de baixa renda é assunto que tem recebido atenção no Brasil nos últimos anos. O ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia grandfolia Haw), é uma planta de origem tropical de uso popular como alimento e medicinal, objeto de interesse na indústria alimentícia e farmacológica nos últimos anos, pelo alto teor de proteínas, lisina e mucilagem que apresenta. Estudos têm reforçado a importância do zinco na saúde humana. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença do micronutriente zinco nas folhas, no caule e nas flores da Pereskia grandfolia Haw. A análise do mineral foi realizada utilizando espectrofotometria de absorção atômica acoplado a UV visível. Foi observado maior quantidade de zinco nas flores da hortaliça (24,8 mg/Kg). Nas folhas o resultado foi 23,8 mg/Kg e no caule 17,8 mg/Kg. Portanto, ora-pro-nobis pode complementar as necessidades diárias de zinco.(AU)

Avaliação do teor de manganês em Pereskia grandfolia Haw / Evaluation of the manganese content in Pereskia grandfolia Haw

Pereskia grandfolia Haw, popularmente conhecida no Brasil como ora - pro - nobis, é considerada planta medicinal, classificada como uma hortaliça folhosa não convencional. É de fácil cultivo e propagação, de sabor agradável, rica em proteína. Pesquisas experimentais e clínicas têm reforçado a importância do manganês na saúde humana. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença do micronutriente manganês nas folhas, no caule e nas flores da P. grandfolia Haw. A análise do mineral foi realizada utilizando espectrofotometria de absorção atômica acoplado a UV visível. Foi observado maior quantidade de manganês nas folhas da hortaliça (63,6 mg/kg). No caule 1,9 mg/Kg e nas flores não foi encontrado este mineral. Portanto, ora-pro-nobis pode complementar as necessidades diárias de manganês.(AU)

Avaliação do teor de manganês em Pereskia grandfolia Haw / Evaluation of the manganese content in Pereskia grandfolia Haw

Pereskia grandfolia Haw, popularmente conhecida no Brasil como ora - pro - nobis, é considerada planta medicinal, classificada como uma hortaliça folhosa não convencional. É de fácil cultivo e propagação, de sabor agradável, rica em proteína. Pesquisas experimentais e clínicas têm reforçado a importância do manganês na saúde humana. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença do micronutriente manganês nas folhas, no caule e nas flores da P. grandfolia Haw. A análise do mineral foi realizada utilizando espectrofotometria de absorção atômica acoplado a UV visível. Foi observado maior quantidade de manganês nas folhas da hortaliça (63,6 mg/kg). No caule 1,9 mg/Kg e nas flores não foi encontrado este mineral. Portanto, ora-pro-nobis pode complementar as necessidades diárias de manganês.

Avaliação do teor de zinco em Pereskia grandfolia Haw / Evaluation of the zinc content in Pereskia grandfolia Haw

A utilização de alimentos alternativos para o combate à fome na população de baixa renda é assunto que tem recebido atenção no Brasil nos últimos anos. O ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia grandfolia Haw), é uma planta de origem tropical de uso popular como alimento e medicinal, objeto de interesse na indústria alimentícia e farmacológica nos últimos anos, pelo alto teor de proteínas, lisina e mucilagem que apresenta. Estudos têm reforçado a importância do zinco na saúde humana. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença do micronutriente zinco nas folhas, no caule e nas flores da Pereskia grandfolia Haw. A análise do mineral foi realizada utilizando espectrofotometria de absorção atômica acoplado a UV visível. Foi observado maior quantidade de zinco nas flores da hortaliça (24,8 mg/Kg). Nas folhas o resultado foi 23,8 mg/Kg e no caule 17,8 mg/Kg. Portanto, ora-pro-nobis pode complementar as necessidades diárias de zinco.

Anticoagulación oral en reintervenciones endovasculares de la aorta / Oral Anticoagulation in Endovascular Aortic Reinterventions

RESUMEN Introducción: La endofuga es la principal causa de reintervención después del tratamiento endovascular de aorta. Algunos pacientes necesitan anticoagulación oral prolongada, lo cual puede aumentar la incidencia de endofugas posoperatorias. Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo es determinar si la anticoagulación oral posoperatoria tiene impacto en la incidencia de endofugas. Material y métodos: Este análisis retrospectivo incluyó todos los pacientes con aneurisma de aorta abdominal tratados por vía endovascular entre 2009 y 2014 en nuestro centro. Se determinaron dos grupos de pacientes de acuerdo con la necesidad de anticoagulación oral y se comparó entre ambos grupos la mortalidad relacionada con la aorta; la supervivencia libre de reintervenciones, de cualquier endofuga y de endofugas no tipo II; supervivencia libre de un punto final compuesto por mortalidad relacionada con la aorta, reintervenciones y endofugas, y la reducción del diámetro del saco aneurismático. Resultados: De 341 pacientes tratados, 33 (9,67%) estaban anticoagulados. No hubo diferencias entre ambos grupos en términos de mortalidad relacionada con la aorta (2,59% vs. 3,03%, p = ns), supervivencia libre de reintervenciones (84,04% vs. 86,2%; p = ns), supervivencia libre de cualquier endofuga (82% vs. 89%; p = 0,81) o supervivencia libre de endofugas no tipo II (88% vs. 88%; p = 0,52). Al analizar la supervivencia libre del punto final compuesto tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas (80% vs. 85%; p = ns). La reducción promedio del diámetro del saco aneurismático fue de 5,19 mm y 3,51 mm (p = 0,2). Conclusiones: No se registró diferencia en ninguno de los resultados analizados. La anticoagulación oral posoperatoria no tuvo impacto en los resultados del tratamiento endovascular de aorta.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Endoleak is the main cause for reintervention after endovascular aortic repair. Some patientis need prolonged oral anticoagulation, which may increase the incidence of postoperative endoleaks. Objectives: Our objective was to determine whether postoperative oral anticoagulation has an impact on the incidence of endoleaks. Methods: This retrospective analysis included all patientis with endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm at our center between 2009 and 2014. Two groups of patientis were determined according to the need for oral anticoagulation. Aortic-related mortality, survival free from reinterventions, any endoleak and non-type II endoleaks, survival free of the composite endpoint of mortality associated with the aorta, reinterventions and endoleaks, and reduction of aneurysmal sac diameter was compared between both groups.Resultis: Among 341 treated patientis, 33 (9.67%) were anticoagulated. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of aorta-related mortality (2.59% vs. 3.03%, p=ns), reintervention-free survival (84.04% vs. 86.2%; p=ns), any endoleak- free survival (82% vs. 89%, p=0.81) or non-type II endoleak-free survival (88% vs. 88%, p=0.52). Similarly, no significant differences were found when analyzing the composite endpoint-free survival (80% vs. 85%, p=ns). The average reduction of aneurysmal sac diameter was 5.19 mm and 3.51 mm (p=0.2). Conclusions: No difference was registered in any of the resultis analyzed. Postoperative oral anticoagulation had no impact on the resultis of endovascular aortic treatment.

Agronomic Cultivation, Chemical Composition, Functional Activities and Applications of Pereskia Species - A Mini Review.

BACKGROUND: The exploration of the plant biodiversity as a natural source to obtain sustainable food products and new bioactive pharmaceutical compounds has been growing significantly due to their abundance, safety and economy. Natural pharmaceutical and edible compounds present some advantages when compared to synthetic ones, such as being chemically inert and widely available. In this sense, plants of the genus Pereskia belonging to the Cactaceae family, have been studied. It is an unconventional wild edible plant that contains a large amount of protein and minerals. Studies have demonstrated their biological activities and potential application in different areas such as pharmaceutical, medicinal and food. OBJECTIVE: This review is focused on the chemical composition, functional properties, applications on pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food areas and formulation techniques to enhance the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds from the underutilized wild edible plant known as ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata or Pereskia grandifolia). CONCLUSION: The latest studies involving ora-pro-nobis demonstrated its great potential due to its biological activities, which could stimulate further investigations. The utilization of this plant as a natural source to supplement the diet, or to prepare new food products and pharmaceutical formulations is an attractive approach to explore and fully realize the potential of the rich biodiversity found in Brazil and in other countries.

Una Aproximación Epidemiológica sobre Patologías Orales desde la Perspectiva de la Radiología / An Epidemiological Approach to Oral Pathologies from a Radiology Perspective

RESUMEN: La cavidad de oral es susceptible de alteraciones de diversa índole, que presentan patrones epidemiológicos variables. La caries y la enfermedad periodontal se reconocen como las de mayor prevalencia, pero sobre otras anormalidades que afectan a las estructuras óseas y los dientes se tienen menos datos. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de hallazgos radiográficos sugestivos de patología en 10,000 imágenes panorámicas digitales de adultos, obtenidas en diferentes centros de radiología en Bogotá. Se recolectaron radiografías de pacientes mayores de 18 años, de bajo grado de distorsión, con estructuras completas, y adecuado contraste y densidad que permitieran la lectura de las variables a estudiar. La mayoría de las radiografías pertenecen a pacientes de género femenino, y su promedio de edad es de 39 años. El edentulismo parcial es el hallazgo de mayor prevalencia afectando a un 61 % del grupo, seguido de la presencia de tratamientos de endodoncia con un 45 % y en tercer lugar las inclusiones dentales 24,1 %. Otros hallazgos corroboran que las lesiones apicales son las lesiones quísticas de mayor prevalencia y un aumento en la rehabilitación con prótesis fija e implantes. Este estudio refleja los efectos de la caries y la enfermedad periodontal que afectan a la población estudiada y su principal consecuencia el edentulismo parcial que afecta a todos los grupos de edad examinados. La endodoncia, sugerente de patología pulpar, también es de alta prevalencia y en gran porcentaje asociada a lesiones apicales, pero en general el estudio sugiere la necesidad de programas de prevención para el adulto, para cumplir con las metas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud con miras a disminuir la perdida de dientes.

ABSTRACT: The oral cavity is susceptible to alterations of diverse nature that present variable epidemiological patterns. Caries and periodontal disease are recognized as having the highest prevalence, but thereare less data on other abnormalities that affect bone structures and teeth. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of radiographic findings suggestive of pathology in 10,000 digital panoramic images of adults, obtained at different radiology centers in Bogotá. Radiographs were collected from patients over 18 years of age, with a low degree of distortion, with complete structures, and adequate contrast and density to allow the reading of the variables to be studied. Most of the radiographs belong to female patients, and their average age is 39 years. Partial edentulism is the most prevalent finding affecting 61 % of the group, followed by the presence of endodontic treatments with 45 % and thirdly the dental inclusions 24.1 %. Other findings corroborate that the apical lesions are the cystic lesions with a higher prevalence and an increase in rehabilitation with fixed prostheses and implants. This study reflects the effects of caries and periodontal disease that affect the population studied and its main consequence is the partial edentulism that affects all age groups examined. Endodontics, suggestive of pulpal pathology, is also of high prevalence and a large percentage associated with apical lesions, but in general the study suggests the need for adult prevention programs to meet the goals of the World Health Organization with a view to reducing tooth loss.

Comparación en la medición de presión intraocular con los tonómetros de Goldmann, Pascal® y ORA (Ocular Response Analyzer) / Intraocular pressure measurement with Goldmann, Pascal and ORA tonometers

Introducción: el glaucoma es la principal causa de ceguera irreversible en el mundo, siendo la presión intraocular alta el factor de riesgo más importante para desarrollarlo, por eso la importancia de realizar una adecuada medición de la presión intraocular (PIO) durante el examen oftalmológico. Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia de la medida de la presión intraocular tomada con los tonómetros de Goldmann, Pascal® y ORA, en pacientes con glaucoma de la consulta externa del servicio de oftalmología del Hospital de San José. Diseño: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y concordancia. Métodos: se compararon las medidas de Goldmann corregido, Pascal® y ORA corregido en 90 pacientes (167 ojos) con diagnóstico de glaucoma que asisten a consulta de oftalmología del Hospital de San José. Resultados: el coeficiente de correlación y concordancia de Lin entre Goldmann corregido y Pascal® es de 0.61; entre Goldmann corregido y ORA corregido de 0.64 y entre Pascal® y ORA corregido de 0.81. Conclusiones: se encontró una concordancia moderada para los tres tonómetros en la medición de la PIO en los ojos con glaucoma del servicio de oftalmología del Hospital de San José. Los tres métodos no son reemplazables, por lo tanto el seguimiento de los pacientes siempre debe ser tomado con un mismo método.

Introduction: glaucoma is the leading cause of worldwide irreversible blindness, high intraocular pressure remains the most important risk factor; because of that, it is essential to measure accurately the intraocular pressure (IOP). Objective: to evaluate the intraocular pressure correspondence of Goldmann-correlated IOP, Pascal® dynamic contour tonometer and Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer ORA tonometers in patients with glaucoma diagnosis at Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de San José. Design: a descriptive, cross-sectional and matching. Methods: measurements of Goldmann correlated IOP, Pascal® and ORA corneal compensated IOP were compared, in patients (167 eyes) diagnosed with glaucoma attending at ophthalmology Hospital San José. Results: the correlation coeffi cient and concordance Lin between Goldmann correlated IOP and Pascal® is 0.61; between ORA and Goldmann correlated IOP is 0.64 and between Pascal® and ORA is 0.81. Conclusions: we found a moderate agreement for the three tonometers for measuring IOP in eyes glaucoma attending at ophthalmology Hospital San José. The three methods are not replaceable, therefore monitoring of patients should always be taken with the same method.

Wound healing properties and mucilage content of Pereskia aculeata from different substrates

Physiologic growth parameters Wound healing Pereskia aculeata Mill., Cactaceae, is a cactus with high mucilage production, well-known for its nutritional properties. Folk use consists on skin injuries, and mucilage is probably involved in the wound healing activity. This work studied some aspects of its cultivation, specifically regarding soil (substrate), to correlate the effects of nutritional content to mucilage production and to the wound-healing property. Plants were grown under five different soil treatment (sand, crude soil, sand and soil, sand and cattle manure, soil and cattle manure), and after eight months extracts were prepared by turbo-extraction to obtain a crude hydroethanolic extract. We evaluated the effects of these extracts on swelling index, cytotoxicity, and in vitro wound healing property. The results show that the substrate used in cultivation may interfere with mucilage production, but not with cytotoxicity and wound healing, this shows the safety of its use, despite the soil treatment received along the various biomes where P. aculeata is cultivated. Furthermore, morphological studies demonstrated the beneficial effect of the mucilage-containing extract on the fibroblast cell culture, corroborating its folk use for wound healing.

Estomatite vesico-bolhosa possivelmente causada por penfigóidemucomembranoso em um cão: relato de caso

O penfigóide mucomembranoso (PMM) é uma doença rara que acomete mucosa e junção mucocutânea, levando a vesículas, erosões e úceras em cavidade oral, perioral, plano nasal, olhos, conduto auditivo, anus e genitália. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de cão, fêmea, 8 anos, ovariohisterectomizada, com histórico de úlceras e erosões em mucosa jugal, palatina, anal e vulvo-vaginal, disfagia, halitose e sialorréia mucopurulenta. O exame histopatológico revelou presença de fenda subepidermal extensacontendo discreta quantidade de restos celulares ou sangue. Pelos sinais clínicos e a análise histopatológica,suspeita se que a estomatite vesico-bolhosa era devido ao PMM. O controle parcial da doença foi obtido com uso de ciclosporina diário com corticosteroide intermitente.