RESUMEN
Magnesium-based composites are a focal point in biomaterials research. However, the rapid degradation rate of magnesium alloys does not align with the healing time of bone tissue. Additionally, the host reaction caused by magnesium implantation hampers its full osteogenic potential. To maintain an appropriate microenvironment, it is important to enhance both corrosion resistance and osteogenic activity of the magnesium matrix. In this study, a composite scaffold composed of mineralized collagen and magnesium alloy was utilized to investigate the regulatory effect of mineralized collagen on mouse macrophages and evaluate its impact on mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in terms of osteogenesis, immune response, and macrophage-induced osteogenic differentiation. This experiment examined the biocompatibility of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and macrophage-induced osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and examined the expression levels of relevant pathways proteins. Magnesium calcium alloys/mineralized collagen exhibited extensive spreading, facilitated by broad and abundant pseudopodia that firmly adhered them to the material surface and promoted growth and pseudopodia formation. The findings revealed that magnesium calcium alloy/mineralized collagen scaffold materials induced osteogenic differentiation mainly through M2 polarization of macrophages. This effect was mainly mediated by promoting the integrin α2ß1-FAK-ERK1/2 signaling pathways and inhibiting the RANK signaling pathways.
RESUMEN
Despite magnesium based metal materials are widely used in bone defect repair, there are still various deficiencies, and their properties need to be optimized. Composites synthesized with magnesium based metal as matrix are the research hotspot, and the host immune response after biomaterial implantation is very important for bone binding. By studying the immunoregulation of bone biomaterials, it can regulate the immune response in the process of osteogenesis and create a good local immune microenvironment, which is conducive to biomaterials to reduce inflammatory response and promote good bone binding. This article introduces the osteogenic mechanism of magnesium based metal materials and its regulation on bone immune microenvironment in detail.
RESUMEN
Objective: To discuss the role of heparan sulfate (HS) in bone formation and bone remodeling and summarize the research progress in the osteogenic mechanism of HS. Methods: The domestic and abroad related literature about HS acting on osteoblast cell line in vitro, HS and HS composite scaffold materials acting on the ani-mal bone defect models, and the effect of HS proteoglycans on bone development were summarized and analyzed. Results: Many growth factors involved in fracture healing especially heparin-binding growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein, and transforming growth factor ß, are connected noncovalently with long HS chains. HS proteoglycans protect these proteins from protease degradation and are directly involved in the regulation of growth factors signaling and bone cell function. HS can promote the differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts and enhance the differentiation of osteoblasts. In bone matrix, HS plays a significant role in promoting the formation, maintaining the stability, and accelerating the mineralization. Conclusion: The osteogenesis of HS is pronounced. HS is likely to become the clinical treatment measures of fracture nonunion or delayed union, and is expected to provide more choices for bone tissue engineering with identification of its long-term safety.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas , Diferenciación Celular , Heparitina Sulfato/farmacología , Osteoblastos , Osteogénesis , Remodelación Ósea , HumanosRESUMEN
Objective: To discuss the role of heparan sulfate (HS) in bone formation and bone remodeling and summarize the research progress in the osteogenic mechanism of HS.