Penetrating occipitocervical injury caused by a needlefish.

Penetrating injuries caused by needlefish are very uncommon. Most of them have been reported in the Indo-Pacific region. We report a case of an occipito-cervical penetrating injury that occurred in the Mexican Tropical Pacific, and we describe the treatment of this injury.

Las heridas penetrantes por pez aguja son poco comunes. La mayor parte de los reportes han sido en la región Indo-Pacífico. Reportamos un caso de herida penetrante occipitocervical ocurrida en el Pacífico tropical mexicano y se describe el tratamiento de esta lesión.

Self-inflicted transorbital pontine stab injury with a retained pen.

Self-inflicted transorbital stab injuries are not commonly seen in clinical practice. These lesions usually lead to major disability depending on the intracranial structures transected. We present a case of a 34-year-old man with a self-inflicted stab injury in his right orbit from a pen. Computed tomography revealed that the pen crossed intracranially from the orbit to the posterior fossa and pierced the pons. Such injuries are usually seen in the context of major psychiatric or drug abuse disorders. A multidisciplinary approach between ophthalmology and neurosurgery is essential in the management of these patients.

El trauma ocular en la infancia / Ocular trauma in childhood

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar los resultados de la aplicación del ocular trauma score como herramienta de pronóstico visual en traumatismos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente "Eduardo Agramonte Piña", desde enero del año 2011 a enero de 2016. El universo estuvo conformado por 438 pacientes quienes recibieron ingreso hospitalario, y la muestra quedó conformada por 357 ojos de 356 pacientes con el diagnóstico de trauma ocular. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: etiología al ingreso, edad, sexo, topografía y tipo de lesión, evento traumático, agente causal, agudeza visual inicial según tipo de lesión y el pronóstico visual según el ocular trauma score. Resultados: El 81,3 por ciento de los pacientes ingresados presentaron etiología traumática; 64,6 por ciento fueron varones, con predominio del grupo de edad entre 5 y 9 años. Hubo una preponderancia de los traumas cerrados. Los accidentes recreativos fueron los más predominantes; los palos y las piedras resultaron el agente causal más frecuente y la agudeza visual final fue superior a la inicial. Conclusiones: La etiología traumática constituye la primera causa de ingreso en el Servicio de Oftalmología, donde se observa predominio de los pacientes entre 5 y 9 años, fundamentalmente del sexo masculino. Los traumas del globo ocular cerrado predominan sobre los del globo ocular abierto. Estos últimos presentan mayor afectación de la agudeza visual. El accidente recreativo y doméstico es más frecuente, así como los palos y las piedras como agentes causales. La mejoría de la agudeza visual fue significativa en este estudio, lo que se correspondió con la predicción sugerida por el ocular trauma score(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the results of the application of the ocular trauma score as a tool for visual prognosis in traumatisms. Methods: Descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out. The universe consisted of 438 patients who received hospital admission and the sample consisted of 357 eyes of 356 patients with the diagnosis of ocular trauma at admission. Different variables were analyzed: etiology at admission, age, sex, topography and type of injury, traumatic event, causal agent, initial visual acuity according to type of injury and visual prognosis according to ocular trauma score. Results: 81,3 percent of the patients admitted had traumatic etiology, 64.6 percent were males with predominance of the group aged between 5 and 9 years. There was a preponderance of closed traumas. The sticks and stones were the most frequent causal agent and the final visual acuity was superior to the initial one. Conclusions: The traumatic etiology is the first cause of admission in the Ophthalmology Service, where predominance is observed between 5 to 9 years, mainly of the male sex. The traumas to closed ocular globe predominate over those of open ocular globe presenting these last greater affectation of the visual acuity. The recreational and domestic accident is more frequent, as well as the sticks and stones as causal agents. The improvement in visual acuity is significant, corresponding with the prediction suggested by ocular trauma score(AU)

Trauma ocular a globo abierto asociado a cuerpo extraño intraocular vegetal / Ocular trauma to an open eyeball associated with a vegetable intraocular foreign body

Introducción: El trauma ocular es una causa importante de morbilidad oftalmológica en el mundo, con implicaciones socio-económicas importantes para el paciente y sus familiares, pues ocurre generalmente en adultos jóvenes, con una buena agudeza visual al inicio del evento traumático y que se verá comprometida según la severidad del trauma, las estructuras oculares que afecte y las complicaciones que puedan aparecer; de ahí que la pérdida de la visión sea una de las minusvalías más temidas. Presentación del caso: Paciente con alteraciones anatómicas y funcionales producidas por un trauma ocular a globo abierto penetrante zona 3, y presencia de cuerpo extraño intraocular vegetal, donde se logró un diagnóstico precoz y conducta quirúrgica oportuna obteniendo resultados visuales excelentes. Conclusiones: El trauma ocular a globo abierto penetrante zona III con cuerpo extraño intraocular vegetal, a pesar de su difícil manejo, permite alcanzar buenos resultados visuales. Esto depende del diagnóstico precoz, y una conducta pertinente basándose en criterios actuales del BETT Y del OTS(AU)

Introduction: Ocular trauma is a fundamental cause for ophthalmological morbidity worldwide, with important socio-economic implications for the patient and their relatives, since it usually occurs in young adults, with good visual acuity at the beginning of the traumatic event and which will be seen compromised based on trauma seriousness, the affected ocular structures and the complications that may appear; hence, vision loss is one of the most feared handicaps. Case presentation: Patient with anatomical and functional alterations produced by an ocular trauma in open penetrating globe zone III, and the presence of a vegetal intraocular foreign body, where an early diagnosis and timely surgical behavior were achieved, obtaining excellent visual results. Conclusions: Ocular trauma in open penetrating globe zone III with vegetal intraocular foreign body, in spite of its difficult management, allows to achieve good visual results. Based on current criteria, this depends on early diagnosis and relevant behavior based on current criteria(AU)

Neurosurgical Management of Nonmissile Penetrating Cranial Lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to present a case series of nonmissile penetrating (NMP) injuries and to establish a workflow for an uncommon mechanism of traumatic head injury through the analysis of each case, classification of the type of lesion, management, and outcome score at follow-up. METHODS: From January 1991 to December 2008, 36,000 patients presenting with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were admitted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Antônio Targino, Campina Grande-PB, Brazil. From these patients, 11 presenting with lesions caused by NMP objects were selected. RESULTS: Among the 11 patients, 9 were men and 2 were women. Their ages ranged from 7 to 74 years old (mean age ± SD, 29.1 ± 22.99 years). All patients underwent neuroradiologic evaluation. The entry point was classified as natural (orbit) or artificial (skull transfixation), and we also divided the patients presenting with secondary parenchymal or vascular damage from those presenting with only lesions caused by the primary penetration into the cranium and meninges. All patients were neurosurgically treated with removal of the foreign body through craniotomy, except the patient whose object (pen) was removed without craniotomy with local anesthesia. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission was a statistically significant factor on prognosis, and any patient who presented with a GCS score of 15 evolved satisfactorily, and there were no deaths in this group of patients (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: TBIs caused by NMP objects are unusual and caused by aggression, self-inflicted harm (in the case of psychiatric patients), and accident. The foreign body may enter into the skull through a natural hole (orbit, nose, mouth, or ear) or crosses the skull, causing a fracture and creating an artificial hole. Preoperative neuroradiologic assessment is paramount for the correct neurosurgical approach. The main prognostic factor for these patients is the GCS score at admission.

Ferimento transfixante em criança: relato de caso clínico / Transfixing injury in a child: a case report

Ferimentos penetrantes em região de cabeça e pescoço podem ter morbidade e mortalidade significativos. avaliação rápida e adequadas condições de tratamento iniciais, especialmente no que se refereà estabilidade das vias aéreas e controle vascular, são fundamentais no correto manejo dessas lesões. O presente artigo se constitui em de um relato de caso em criança após acidente transfixante em pescoço e face, buscando trazer uma revisão de literatura sobre o assunto e as diretrizes atuais de tratamento para esse tipo de lesão.

Penetrating injuries to the neck and head can have significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid assessment and prompt management of life threatening conditions especially airway and vascular control is essential in early management. The following article it is a case report of a child after accident transfixing neck and face, seeking to bring a literature review on the subject and the current guidelines for treating this type of injury.

Traumatismo encefalocraneano fetal por vía penetrante transvaginal / Transvaginal penetrating fetal head injury

Los traumatismos encefalocraneanos in útero son extremadamente raros y suelen ser consecuencia de lesiones penetrantes a través de la pared torácica o abdominal, que alcanzan la cavidad uterina. Los originados a través de la vagina se han comunicado excepcionalmente. Se presenta el caso de un feto que padeció traumatismo encefalocraneano penetrante, con fractura de la bóveda craneal y hemorragia intraventricular tras la introducción violenta de un objeto contundente a través de la vagina por parte de su madre. La ruptura traumática de las membranas ovulares desencadenó el trabajo de parto pretérmino. Tras el nacimiento, se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico de la fractura deprimida y desbridamiento de la herida; sin embargo, el paciente falleció cuatro semanas más tarde a causa de sepsis neonatal. El tratamiento de estos casos no solo deber ser dirigido a la corrección de las lesiones traumáticas primarias sino también a la prevención de las complicaciones infecciosas.(AU)

In utero head traumas are extremely rare and are usually caused by penetrating injuries in the thoracic or abdominal wall that affect the uterine cavity. Transvaginal fetal head injuries have been reported in exceptional cases. This is a case-report of a fetus affected by penetrating head trauma with skull fracture and intra-ventricular hemorrhage after his mothers self-insertion of a blunt object, violently through the vagina. Trauma disrupted the integrity of intrauterine membranes and precipitated preterm labor. After birth, there was a debridement of the scalp and surgical management of the fracture was performed; nevertheless, the patient died four weeks later, due to neonatal sepsis. Management of these wounds must not only be focused on repairing the primary wound, but on preventing the infectious complications.(AU)

Traumatismo encefalocraneano fetal por vía penetrante transvaginal / Transvaginal penetrating fetal head injury

Los traumatismos encefalocraneanos in útero son extremadamente raros y suelen ser consecuencia de lesiones penetrantes a través de la pared torácica o abdominal, que alcanzan la cavidad uterina. Los originados a través de la vagina se han comunicado excepcionalmente. Se presenta el caso de un feto que padeció traumatismo encefalocraneano penetrante, con fractura de la bóveda craneal y hemorragia intraventricular tras la introducción violenta de un objeto contundente a través de la vagina por parte de su madre. La ruptura traumática de las membranas ovulares desencadenó el trabajo de parto pretérmino. Tras el nacimiento, se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico de la fractura deprimida y desbridamiento de la herida; sin embargo, el paciente falleció cuatro semanas más tarde a causa de sepsis neonatal. El tratamiento de estos casos no solo deber ser dirigido a la corrección de las lesiones traumáticas primarias sino también a la prevención de las complicaciones infecciosas.

In utero head traumas are extremely rare and are usually caused by penetrating injuries in the thoracic or abdominal wall that affect the uterine cavity. Transvaginal fetal head injuries have been reported in exceptional cases. This is a case-report of a fetus affected by penetrating head trauma with skull fracture and intra-ventricular hemorrhage after his mother's self-insertion of a blunt object, violently through the vagina. Trauma disrupted the integrity of intrauterine membranes and precipitated preterm labor. After birth, there was a debridement of the scalp and surgical management of the fracture was performed; nevertheless, the patient died four weeks later, due to neonatal sepsis. Management of these wounds must not only be focused on repairing the primary wound, but on preventing the infectious complications.

Eyelid fish-hook injury: case report / Herida de párpado por anzuelo: Reporte de un caso

Introduction. Injuries caused by fishing gear are common, but uncommon in the eye.When hooks are involved, removal must be careful and a complete revision of the rest of eye structures must be performed. Case report. A 13 years old male suffered a penetrating fishhook injury on the upper right eyelid. Extraction was performed under general anesthesia using an extra conjunctival horizontal technique approach with satisfactory outcome. Conclusion. The injuries caused by these objects are dangerous and extraction must be carefully done. A multidisciplinary approach must be performed.

Introducción. Las lesiones por objetos de pesca son comunes, no así en ojos y anexos. Su extracción debe ser cuidadosa y deberá realizarse revisión minuciosa de las estructuras afectadas. Caso clínico. Adolescente masculino de 13 años de edad que accidentalmente sufrió una herida penetrante por anzuelo en párpado superior derecho. Se realizó extracción bajo anestesia general balanceada mediante abordaje palpebral horizontal extraconjuntival, con evolución satisfactoria. Conclusiones. Las lesiones por estos objetos son graves y su manejo debe ser integral.