Prior Distribution and Entropy in Computer Adaptive Testing Ability Estimation through MAP or EAP.

To derive a latent trait (for instance ability) in a computer adaptive testing (CAT) framework, the obtained results from a model must have a direct relationship to the examinees' response to a set of items presented. The set of items is previously calibrated to decide which item to present to the examinee in the next evaluation question. Some useful models are more naturally based on conditional probability in order to involve previously obtained hits/misses. In this paper, we integrate an experimental part, obtaining the information related to the examinee's academic performance, with a theoretical contribution of maximum entropy. Some academic performance index functions are built to support the experimental part and then explain under what conditions one can use constrained prior distributions. Additionally, we highlight that heuristic prior distributions might not properly work in all likely cases, and when to use personalized prior distributions instead. Finally, the inclusion of the performance index functions, arising from current experimental studies and historical records, are integrated into a theoretical part based on entropy maximization and its relationship with a CAT process.

Row-Col and Bayesian approach seeking to improve the predictive capacity and selection of passion fruit

Methods for genetic improvement of semi-perennial species, such as passion fruit, often involve large areas, unbalanced data, and lack of observations. Some strategies can be applied to solve these problems. In this work, different models and approaches were tested to improve the precision of estimates of genetic evaluation models for several characteristics of the passion fruit. A randomized block design (RBD) model was compared to a posteriori correction, adding two factors to the model (post-hoc blocking Row-Col). These models were also combined with the frequentist and Bayesian approaches to identify which combination yields the most accurate results. These approaches are part of a strategic plan in a perennial plant breeding program to select promising genitors of passion to compose the next selection cycle. For Bayesian, we tested two priors, defining different values for the distribution parameters of effect variances of the model. We also performed a cross-validation test to choose a priori values and compare the frequentist and Bayesian approaches using the root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation between the predicted and observed values, called Predictive capacity of the model (PC). The model with the post-hoc blocking Row-Col design captured the spatial variability for productivity and number of fruits, directly affecting the experimental precision. Both approaches applied to the models showed a similar performance, with predictive capacity and selective efficiency leading to the selection of the same individuals.

Dietary Patterns and Years Living in the United States by Hispanic/Latino Heritage in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

BACKGROUND: Previous diet findings in Hispanics/Latinos rarely reflect differences in commonly consumed and culturally relevant foods across heritage groups and by years lived in the United States. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify and compare a posteriori heritage-specific dietary patterns (DPs) and evaluate their associations with "healthfulness" [using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010)] and years living in the United States. METHODS: We used baseline data from a population-based cohort of 14,099 Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74 y in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We performed principal factor analysis using two 24-h recalls to derive DPs, separately, in each heritage group (Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, and South American), and identified overarching DPs based on high-loading foods shared by ≥2 groups. We used multivariable linear regression to test associations of DPs with AHEI-2010 and years living in the United States. RESULTS: We identified 5 overarching DPs (Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks; White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats; Fish; Egg & Cheese; and Alcohol). All Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks DPs were inversely associated with AHEI-2010, whereas all Fish DPs (except Dominican) were positively associated with this index (all P-trend < 0.001). White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats DPs showed inverse associations in Cuban and Central American groups and positive associations in Mexican-origin individuals (all P-trend < 0.001). Fewer years living in the United States was associated with higher scores for White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats DPs in Cuban and Mexican heritage groups and lower scores on Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks DPs in Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican groups (all P-trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show substantial variation in DPs across Hispanics/Latinos and adherence to DPs by time in the United States, which could inform dietary interventions targeting this diverse US population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02060344.

A posteriori dietary patterns and their association with systemic low-grade inflammation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: A posteriori dietary patterns are promising ways of uncovering potential public health strategies for the prevention of systemic, low-grade, inflammation-related, chronic noncommunicable diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and summarize the current evidence on the association between a posteriori dietary patterns and systemic, low-grade inflammation in adults. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and LILACS were searched. DATA EXTRACTION: Data screening, extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by 2 investigators. Meta-analysis with random effects was conducted. Differences and similarities between reduced rank regression-derived dietary patterns were assessed. RESULTS: Healthy dietary patterns are inversely and the Western dietary pattern is positively associated with inflammation (r = -0.13, 95% confidence interval -0.20 to -0.06; and r = 0.11, 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.12, respectively). Reduced rank regression-derived anti-inflammatory dietary patterns are consistently characterized by high intake of fresh fruits and inflammatory dietary patterns are consistently characterized by high intake of red and processed meat and low intake of vegetables. CONCLUSION: Favoring the substitution of a Westernized diet for a healthy diet may lower inflammation, which might improve the prevention of some chronic noncommunicable diseases.

Validation and adaptation of the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern across nations: A test case.

OBJECTIVE: The empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) assesses the inflammatory potential of diet in the US population. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of the EDIP to a Brazilian population. METHODS: Data from 19- to 75-y-old participants of two editions of the cross-sectional population-based Health Survey of Sao Paulo (HS-SP) were used to validate the EDIP (n = 269; HS-SP 2008), develop an EDIP adapted to a Sao Paulo population, the EDIP-SP (n = 441; HS-SP 2008), and replicate EDIP-SP results in an independent sample (n = 501; HS-SP 2015). Dietary data was assessed through two 24-h recalls and one validated food frequency questionnaire. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), and nine other inflammatory biomarkers were determined. EDIP was tested for its association with the 10 inflammatory biomarkers. For development of the EDIP-SP, 21 food groups and their contributions to plasma CRP levels were modeled using a stepwise multiple linear regression adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: The EDIP was not associated with concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in a Brazilian population. The components of EDIP-SP were processed meats (ß = 0.27; P = 0.082), fruits and vegetables (ß = -0.12; P = 0.018), and rice and beans (ß = -0.27; P = 0.007). EDIP-SP significantly predicted dietary quality (ß = -6.1; P < 0.001) and its inflammatory potential was replicated among men (ß = 0.36; P = 0.01), but not among women (ß = 0.05; P = 0.82). CONCLUSION: EDIP was adapted to the Sao Paulo population. EDIP-SP, composed of high processed meat intake and low intake of fruits and vegetables, and rice and beans, constitutes an important tool to investigate dietary quality based on its inflammatory potential, in Brazilian populations.

Los biomarcadores como factores pronósticos de cáncer de mama a través de un análisis implicativo a posteriori / Biomarkers as prediction factors of breast cancer by means of a posteriori implicative analysis

Introducción: Los biomarcadores son sustancias que se encuentran aumentadas en el organismo si existen tumores. Para demostrar cómo influyen en la mortalidad es necesario un estudio analítico donde se imbriquen técnicas estadísticas como el análisis estadístico implicativo. Objetivos: Determinar la influencia de los biomarcadores como factores pronósticos de mortalidad por cáncer de mama y demostrar la validez del análisis a posteriori como etapa en la metodología de aplicación del análisis estadístico implicativo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles de 75 pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico clínico e histológico de cáncer de mama, atendidas en el Hospital Oncológico Docente Provincial Conrado Benítez García de Santiago de Cuba, en el período de 2014 a 2019. Se siguieron las etapas previstas para aplicar esta forma de análisis y se obtuvieron el grafo implicativo y los árboles de similaridad y cohesión. Resultados: Se verificó que la relación entre los biomarcadores y las pacientes vivas se debió al subtipo luminal B. Asimismo, en la metarregla que incluye a las fallecidas se imbricó el subtipo luminal B, mientras que el subtipo luminal A formaba parte de dicha metarregla; los demás subtipos no formaron reglas con ningún otro factor. Conclusiones: Se demostró la necesidad y la importancia de la etapa de análisis a posteriori, donde se confirma la existencia de algunos factores pronósticos y se desechan otros antes encontrados.

Introduction: Biomarkers are substances that are increased in the organism if tumors exist. To demonstrate how they influence in the mortality it is necessary an analytic study where statistical techniques are involved as the implicative statistical analysis. Objectives: To determine the influence of biomarkers as prediction factors of mortality due to breast cancer and to demonstrate the validity of a posteriori analysis as a phase in the methodology of the implicative statistical analysis implementation. Methods: A cases and controls analytic study of 75 patients older than 18 years with clinical and histological diagnosis of breast cancer was carried out, they were assisted in Conrado Benítez García Teaching Provincial Cancer Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from 2014 to 2019. The foreseen phases were followed to implement this form of analysis and the implicative grapho and the similarity and cohesion trees were obtained. Results: It was verified that the relationship between the biomarkers and the alive patients was due to B luminal subtype. Also, in the meta-rules that includes dead women, B luminal subtype was involved, while the A luminal subtype was part of this meta-rule; the other subtypes didn't form rules with any other factor. Conclusions: The necessity and importance of the posteriori analysis phase was demonstrated, where the existence of some prediction factors was confirmed and others found before were rejected.

Temperature estimation of inflamed bowel by the photoacoustic inverse approach.

Local temperature increase is one of the five classical signs of regions with inflammations. This work is focused on the application of the photoacoustic technique for the estimation of the temperature field in the colon, as the solution of an inverse problem, for the detection of inflamed regions. Two-dimensional cases are examined here involving a cross section of the bowel, which characterize either the inflammation of the whole mucosa layer, or three small inflamed regions. The inverse problem is solved for a rotating laser inside the intestine lumen, which imposes pulses for the generation of the acoustic waves. One single ultrasound detector, also located at the laser rotating shaft, provides the simulated measurements for the inverse analysis. The inverse problem is solved here with the minimization of the maximum a posteriori objective function. Results show that the proposed technique can be applied for accurate estimations of the temperature distribution in the region of interest, which might be used for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

Dietary Patterns, Bone Mineral Density, and Risk of Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence on the relation between dietary patterns, bone mineral density (BMD), and risk of fracture in different age groups. Medline and Embase were searched for articles that identified dietary patterns and related these to BMD or risk of fracture through May 2018. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) comparing the lowest and highest categories of dietary pattern were combined by using a random effects meta-analysis. In total, 31 studies were selected for review, including 18 cohorts, 1 case-control, and 12 cross-sectional studies, in the meta-analysis of Prudent/healthy and Western/unhealthy dietary pattern, BMD, and risk of fracture. There was evidence of a lower risk of fracture when intakes in the highest categories were compared with the lowest categories of Prudent/healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.69, 0.95; p = 0.01). In contrast, when intakes in the highest categories were compared with the lowest categories of Western/unhealthy dietary pattern, a greater risk of fracture (OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.19; p = 0.01) was observed among men. The present systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence of an inverse association between a Prudent/healthy dietary pattern and risk of low BMD and a positive relation between Western/unhealthy dietary pattern and risk of low BMD.

A "loucura" ordinária das instituições / The ordinary « craziness ¼ of institutions / La «locura¼ ordinaria de instituciones

Com base numa intervenção em uma sociedade de psicanálise em crise, este artigo discute uma série de fenômenos psicossociais que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da « loucura ¼ ordinária de instituições. Aqui são evidenciados: os processos psíquicos inconscientes e preconscientes de ressonância, de colusão grupal e de alianças defensivas, que se articulam com processos organizacionais tóxicos ou, por vezes, têm neles a sua origem. No interior desses processos, a natureza e a estrutura do trabalho têm um papel central. Discute-se também uma abordagem transicional da intervenção, capaz de ajudar a superar diversos obstáculos à vitalidade individual e coletiva

Through a consultation to a psychoanalytic society in crisis, the article presents a series of phenomena which contribute to the ordinary « craziness ¼ of institutions. Are enlightened here: psychic unconscious and preconscious processes of resonance, group collusion, defensive alliances that are linked to (or sometimes are at the source of ) organisational ones among which the nature and structure of work play a central part ; a specific « transitional ¼ approach of intervention likely to help overcome numerous obstacles to individual and collective vitality

Con base en una intervención en una sociedad de psicoanálisis en crisis, este artículo discute una serie de fenómenos psicosociales que contribuyen al desarrollo de la «locura¼ ordinaria de instituciones. Aquí se evidencian: los procesos psíquicos inconscientes y preconscientes de resonancia, de colusión grupal y de alianzas defensivas, que se articulan con procesos organizacionales tóxicos o, a veces, tienen en ellos su origen. En el interior de estos procesos, la naturaleza y la estructura del trabajo desempeñan un papel central. Se discute también un enfoque transicional de la intervención, capaz de ayudar a superar diversos obstáculos a la vitalidad individual y colectiva

Considerações sobre tempo e constituição do sujeito em Freud e Lacan / Considerations about time and constitution of subject on Freud and Lacan

O presente estudo foi produzido com o intuito de explorar a dimensão do tempo na constituição do sujeito, de acordo com o pensamento de Jacques Lacan, em referência a um breve retorno a Sigmund Freud. Para explorar a concepção de tempo na psicanálise, foram utilizados artigos de Freud sobre a formação do aparelho psíquico e de Lacan sobre a constituição do sujeito do inconsciente. Procurar-se-á observar qual seria a compreensão de temporalidade própria da psicanálise: no que se refere ao a posteriori, cuja relevância para a vida psíquica Freud tanto sublinhou; assim como no que se refere ao tempo lógico, uma concepção lacaniana de tempo. O tempo, descontínuo, marcado por pausas e alternâncias, constitui o sujeito; modula o ato e possibilita desejar.

The present study was produced for exploring a dimension of time on the constitution of subject, according to Jacques Lacan and referring to a short turn to Sigmund Freud. To explore a time notion on psychoanalysis, there were approached others Freud’s articles about mental apparatus either some others Lacan’s articles or seminars about unconscious subject. We will come to observe what would be the notion of time especially psychoanalytic: refer to a posteriori, that relevance for psychic life Freud always emphasized; so refer to logical time, a Lacanian conception of time. Time, not always continuing, taken by pauses, constitutes subject; inflects acts and allows to desire.

Notas sobre las transformaciones psíquicas de la adolescencia en la historia del psicoanálisis / Notes on psychical changes of adolescence in the history of psychoanalysis

El determinismo de la infancia acaparó la atención del pensamiento psicoanalítico y opacó el papel crucial de la adolescencia, que el mismo Freud reconocía. Los nuevos planteamientos acerca de la especificidad y la importancia de la adolescencia empiezan a surgir a mediados del siglo XX, apoyados en la práctica clínica con adolescentes desarrollada después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Finalmente la integración del concepto de “a posteriori” {Nachtrãglichkeit} en estas teorizaciones valida mejor la tesis según la cual las transformaciones psíquicas adolescentes no se reducen a la reactualización de una problemática anterior.

The determinism of childhood captured the attention of psychoanalytic thought and overshadowed the crucial role of adolescence, which Freud himself recognized. New approaches to the specificity and importance of adolescence begin to crop up in the mid-twentieth century, supported in clinical practice with adolescents developed after WWII. Finally the integration of the concept of "afterwards" {Nachtrãglichkeit} in these theories best validates the thesis that adolescent psychic transformations are not confined to the recapitulation of previous problems.

Le déterminisme de l'enfance a attiré l'attention de la pensée psychanalytique et éclipsé le rôle crucial de l'adolescence, même si Freud lui-même reconnaissait celui-ci. De nouvelles approches de la spécificité et de l'importance de l'adolescence commencent à surgir vers la moitié du XXe siècle, étayées sur la pratique clinique avec des adolescents développée après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Enfin l'intégration de la notion de après-coup¼ {Nachtrãglichkeit} dans ces théories permet de mieux valider la thèse d’après laquelle les transformations psychiques des adolescents ne se limitent pas à la réactualisation d'une problématique précédente.

O a posteriori transferencial dos traumas do início da vida

O a posteriori é uma das únicas noções psicanalíticas que permitem compreender os mecanismos da mudança psíquica. Muitas vezes confundida com uma simples significação de retrospectiva, trata-se, de fato, de noção complexa que envolve a concepção psicanalítica da temporalidade e a teoria do trauma. Em que medida o tratamento psicanalítico, a experiência da transferência, é capaz de pôr em jogo novamente os traumas do início da vida, de produzir sobre estes um efeito de a posteriori, e permitir mudança psíquica em relação às camadas mais primitivas do psiquismo?.(AU)

The transferential a posteriori of early traumas. The a posteriori is one of the few psychoanalytic concepts to allow understanding the mechanisms of psychic change. Often mistaken as a simple meaning hindsight, it is actually a complex concept that involves the psychoanalytic conception of temporality and the theory of trauma. To what extent is psychoanalysis, the experience of transference, able to bring early traumas into play, to produce a hindsight effect and to allow psychic change related to the most primitive layers of psyche?.(AU)

O a posteriori transferencial dos traumas do início da vida / The a posteriori transferencial of traumas of the beginning of the life

O a posteriori é uma das únicas noções psicanalíticas que permitem compreender os mecanismos da mudança psíquica. Muitas vezes confundida com uma simples significação de retrospectiva, trata-se, de fato, de noção complexa que envolve a concepção psicanalítica da temporalidade e a teoria do trauma. Em que medida o tratamento psicanalítico, a experiência da transferência, é capaz de pôr em jogo novamente os traumas do início da vida, de produzir sobre estes um efeito de a posteriori, e permitir mudança psíquica em relação às camadas mais primitivas do psiquismo?.

The transferential a posteriori of early traumas. The a posteriori is one of the few psychoanalytic concepts to allow understanding the mechanisms of psychic change. Often mistaken as a simple meaning hindsight, it is actually a complex concept that involves the psychoanalytic conception of temporality and the theory of trauma. To what extent is psychoanalysis, the experience of transference, able to bring early traumas into play, to produce a hindsight effect and to allow psychic change related to the most primitive layers of psyche?.

De l'insensé du geste suicidaire à la condensation signifiante de la scène suicidaire / Do sem sentido do gesto suicida à condensação significativa do suicídio / From the senselessness of suicidal gestures to the signifying condensation of suicide / Del sin-sentido del gesto suicida a la condensación significativa del suicidio

Le geste suicidaire est une énigme, "comment le moi peut consentir à son auto-destruction" s'interroge Freud en 1915. Partant de ce constat théorique et clinique, cet article, en s'appuyant sur l'histoire de Chantal, propose une voie de réflexion sous forme d'après-coup. Le geste suicidaire inclut une scène qui constitue une première répétition ou encore le second temps du trauma. Cette réactualisation traumatique peut être suivie d'un mouvement d'historisation de l'insensé originaire.(AU)

O gesto suicida é um enigma,"como o ego pode consentir a sua própria autodestruição" questiona-se Freud en 1915. Este artigo, partindo desta constatação teórica e clínica e apoiado na história de Chantal, propõe a seguinte via de reflexão: o gesto suicida inclui uma primeira cena que constitui uma primeira repetição ou é o segundo tempo do trauma. Esta reatualização traumática pode ser seguida de um movimento de retomada da história do sujeito a partir do momento insensato originário do gesto.(AU)

An act of suicide is an enigma. "How can the ego consent to self-destruction?" asked Freud in 1915. Based on this theoretical and clinical observation and on the story of Chantal, this article presents the following approach: either a suicidal act includes a first scene that constitutes a first repetition, or it is the second moment of a trauma. This traumatic repetition may be followed by a re-enactment of the subject's story as of the original and senseless moment of the gesture.(AU)

El acto suicida es un enigma,"¿cómo el ego puede dar su consentimiento a su autodestrucción?", se pregunta Freud en 1915. Con base en esta constatación teórica y clínica, el presente artículo, basado en la historia de Chantal, se propone a pensarla como una forma de "après-coup". El acto suicida incluye una escena que es una primera repetición, o el segundo tiempo del trauma. Esta re-actualización traumática puede ser seguida por un movimiento de retomada de la historia del sujeto a partir del momento originario e insensato del gesto.(AU)

Do testemunho à memória: o a posteriori entre a história e as ruínas / Del testimonio a la memoria: el a posteriori entre la historia y las ruinas / From Testimony to Memory: The a Posteriori Between History and Ruins

Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica este trabalho analisa as relações entre testemunho e memória a partir de Giorgio Agamben, Sigmund Freud e Walter Benjamin. Nesses autores, verifica-se que as noções de esquecimento, do resto, das ruínas e do a posteriori estão presentes no discurso sobre o testemunho e a memória. Constata-se a sinergia de suas elaborações, as quais destacam as possibilidades de deslocamento das posições subjetivas da testemunha diante do dever da memória. Nesse contexto, o inacabamento da história assume proeminência, permitindo o resgate do passado e de suas significações. No momento em que o Brasil coloca em primeiro plano sua Comissão da Verdade, a discussão aberta sobre o período da ditadura civil-militar ressalta a importância de compreendermos os limites da expressão da memória que o testemunho proporciona.

Basado en investigación bibliográfica, este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre testimonio y memoria de Giorgio Agamben, Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin y verifica el lugar, en esas relaciones, de las nociones de olvido, de restos, de ruinas y el a posteriori. Se constata la sinergia de las elaboraciones de esos autores, las cuales destacan las posibilidades de desplazamiento de las posiciones subjetivas del testimonio frente al deber de la memoria. En el momento en que Brasil instala en primer plano su Comisión de la Verdad, la discusión abierta por el pasado revisitado resalta la importancia de comprender los límites de la expresión de la memoria que el testimonio proporciona.

Based on library research this paper analyzes the relations between testimony and memory according to Giorgio Agamben, Sigmund Freud and Walter Benjamin. In such authors, it turns out that the notions of forgetfulness, rest, ruins and a posteriori are present in the discourse on testimony and memory. It elaborates the synergy found in the studies by these authors, which stress the possibilities of displacement of subjective positions during the memory task. In this context, the incompleteness of history takes prominence, allowing the recovery of the past and its meanings. Now that that Brazil is putting the spotlight on its Truth Commission, an open discussion of the revisited past emphasizes the importance that we understand the limits of the expression of memory provided by the testimony.

De l'insensé du geste suicidaire à la condensation signifiante de la scène suicidaire / Do sem sentido do gesto suicida à condensação significativa do suicídio / From the senselessness of suicidal gestures to the signifying condensation of suicide / Del sin-sentido del gesto suicida a la condensación significativa del suicidio

Le geste suicidaire est une énigme, "comment le moi peut consentir à son auto-destruction" s'interroge Freud en 1915. Partant de ce constat théorique et clinique, cet article, en s'appuyant sur l'histoire de Chantal, propose une voie de réflexion sous forme d'après-coup. Le geste suicidaire inclut une scène qui constitue une première répétition ou encore le second temps du trauma. Cette réactualisation traumatique peut être suivie d'un mouvement d'historisation de l'insensé originaire.

O gesto suicida é um enigma,"como o ego pode consentir a sua própria autodestruição" questiona-se Freud en 1915. Este artigo, partindo desta constatação teórica e clínica e apoiado na história de Chantal, propõe a seguinte via de reflexão: o gesto suicida inclui uma primeira cena que constitui uma primeira repetição ou é o segundo tempo do trauma. Esta reatualização traumática pode ser seguida de um movimento de retomada da história do sujeito a partir do momento insensato originário do gesto.

An act of suicide is an enigma. "How can the ego consent to self-destruction?" asked Freud in 1915. Based on this theoretical and clinical observation and on the story of Chantal, this article presents the following approach: either a suicidal act includes a first scene that constitutes a first repetition, or it is the second moment of a trauma. This traumatic repetition may be followed by a re-enactment of the subject's story as of the original and senseless moment of the gesture.

El acto suicida es un enigma,"¿cómo el ego puede dar su consentimiento a su autodestrucción?", se pregunta Freud en 1915. Con base en esta constatación teórica y clínica, el presente artículo, basado en la historia de Chantal, se propone a pensarla como una forma de "après-coup". El acto suicida incluye una escena que es una primera repetición, o el segundo tiempo del trauma. Esta re-actualización traumática puede ser seguida por un movimiento de retomada de la historia del sujeto a partir del momento originario e insensato del gesto.

Estruturação subjetiva: novas perspectivas metapsicológicas / Estructuración subjetiva: nuevas perspectivas metapsicológicas / Subjective structure: new metapsychological perspectives

O social, que nos determina, como acontece ao longo dos séculos dando conta da diversidade sempre presente na singularidade, não muda o essencial da perspectiva metapsicológica, pulsões e destinos, o que muda são os conteúdos fantasmáticos que moldam a subjetividade inconsciente. Adoto uma perspectiva dinâmica na constituição subjetiva que lemos em Freud, enriquecida por autores posteriores dos quais tomamos as pulsões e destinos, o a posteriori e o conceito de realidade psíquica como conceituações dinâmicas que habilitam a diversidade na subjetividade. Sustento a idéia de montagem para agrupar os destinos de pulsão ao que acrescentei a desmentida estrutural, pois a interdependência entre ambas implica uma situação dinâmica e singular para cada sujeito. Repressão e identificação são os fornecedores de representações inconscientes, significantes onde se condensa a marca inconsciente do outro-Outro. Destaca-se a pulsão de apoderamento juntamente com a desmentida estrutural somados ao conceito de realidade psíquica que contém, na sua etimologia, a noção de efeito desse outro-Outro que nos envolve. Do discurso infantil, enfatizo o lado fático do mesmo, onde a subdivisão icônica, indicial e simbólica permite-nos abranger melhor nossa atividade na sala de jogos, já que são elementos que constituem o significante psicanalítico

The social, that determines us, as it happens along centuries giving account of diversity always present in singularity, doesn’t change the essential of the metapsychology perspective, drives and destinies, what changes are the phantasmatic contents that mold the unconscious subjectivity. I adopt a dynamic perspective in the subjective constitution we read in Freud, enriched by posterior authors from which we take the drives and destinies, or a posteriori and the concept of psychic reality like dynamic conceptual that enables the diversity in subjectivity. I support the idea of mounting to group the destinies of drive, to which I added the structural denial, for the interdependence between both, imply a singular and dynamic situation for each individual. Repression and identification are the suppliers of unconscious representations, significant where it condenses the unconscious mark of the other-Other. The drive of empowerment is highlighted together with the structural denial, added to the concept of psychic reality which contains, in its etymology, the effect notion of that other-Other that involves us. About the child speech, I emphasize the factual side of the same, where the iconic subdivision, indicial and symbolic, allows us to better embrace our activity in the game room, since they are elements that constitute the psychoanalytic significant

Lo social, que nos determina, como lo ha hecho a lo largo de los siglos dando cuenta de la diversidad siempre presente en la singularidad, no cambia la esencial de la perspectiva metapsicológica, pulsiones y destinos, sino que cambian los contenidos fantasmáticos que moldean la subjetividad inconciente. Se privilegia una perspectiva dinámica en la constitución subjetiva, que leemos en Freud, enriquecido por autores posteriores donde se toma pulsiones y destinos, el a posteriori y el concepto de realidad psíquica como conceptualizaciones dinâmicas que habilitan la diversidad en la subjetividad. Sostengo la idea de montaje para agrupar los destinos de pulsión donde he agregado la desmentida estructural pues la interdependencia entre ambas implica una situación dinámica y singular para cada sujeto. Represión y la identificación son los proveedores de representaciones inconcientes, significantes donde se condensa la impronta inconciente del otro-Otro. Se subraya la pulsión de apoderamiento junto a la desmentida estructural que se reúnen con el concepto de realidad psíquica, que contiene en su etimología la noción de efectos de ese otro-Otro que nos envuelve. Del discurso infantil enfatizo el lado fáctico del mismo, donde la subdivisión icónico, indicial y simbólica nos permite abarcar mejor nuestro quehacer en la sala de juegos dado son elementos que constituyen el significante psicoanalítico

Estruturação subjetiva: novas perspectivas metapsicológicas / Estructuración subjetiva: nuevas perspectivas metapsicológicas / Subjective structure: new metapsychological perspectives

O social, que nos determina, como acontece ao longo dos séculos dando conta da diversidade sempre presente na singularidade, não muda o essencial da perspectiva metapsicológica, pulsões e destinos, o que muda são os conteúdos fantasmáticos que moldam a subjetividade inconsciente. Adoto uma perspectiva dinâmica na constituição subjetiva que lemos em Freud, enriquecida por autores posteriores dos quais tomamos as pulsões e destinos, o a posteriori e o conceito de realidade psíquica como conceituações dinâmicas que habilitam a diversidade na subjetividade. Sustento a idéia de montagem para agrupar os destinos de pulsão ao que acrescentei a desmentida estrutural, pois a interdependência entre ambas implica uma situação dinâmica e singular para cada sujeito. Repressão e identificação são os fornecedores de representações inconscientes, significantes onde se condensa a marca inconsciente do outro-Outro. Destaca-se a pulsão de apoderamento juntamente com a desmentida estrutural somados ao conceito de realidade psíquica que contém, na sua etimologia, a noção de efeito desse outro-Outro que nos envolve. Do discurso infantil, enfatizo o lado fático do mesmo, onde a subdivisão icônica, indicial e simbólica permite-nos abranger melhor nossa atividade na sala de jogos, já que são elementos que constituem o significante psicanalítico(AU)

The social, that determines us, as it happens along centuries giving account of diversity always present in singularity, doesn’t change the essential of the metapsychology perspective, drives and destinies, what changes are the phantasmatic contents that mold the unconscious subjectivity. I adopt a dynamic perspective in the subjective constitution we read in Freud, enriched by posterior authors from which we take the drives and destinies, or a posteriori and the concept of psychic reality like dynamic conceptual that enables the diversity in subjectivity. I support the idea of mounting to group the destinies of drive, to which I added the structural denial, for the interdependence between both, imply a singular and dynamic situation for each individual. Repression and identification are the suppliers of unconscious representations, significant where it condenses the unconscious mark of the other-Other. The drive of empowerment is highlighted together with the structural denial, added to the concept of psychic reality which contains, in its etymology, the effect notion of that other-Other that involves us. About the child speech, I emphasize the factual side of the same, where the iconic subdivision, indicial and symbolic, allows us to better embrace our activity in the game room, since they are elements that constitute the psychoanalytic significant(AU)

Lo social, que nos determina, como lo ha hecho a lo largo de los siglos dando cuenta de la diversidad siempre presente en la singularidad, no cambia la esencial de la perspectiva metapsicológica, pulsiones y destinos, sino que cambian los contenidos fantasmáticos que moldean la subjetividad inconciente. Se privilegia una perspectiva dinámica en la constitución subjetiva, que leemos en Freud, enriquecido por autores posteriores donde se toma pulsiones y destinos, el a posteriori y el concepto de realidad psíquica como conceptualizaciones dinâmicas que habilitan la diversidad en la subjetividad. Sostengo la idea de montaje para agrupar los destinos de pulsión donde he agregado la desmentida estructural pues la interdependencia entre ambas implica una situación dinámica y singular para cada sujeto. Represión y la identificación son los proveedores de representaciones inconcientes, significantes donde se condensa la impronta inconciente del otro-Otro. Se subraya la pulsión de apoderamiento junto a la desmentida estructural que se reúnen con el concepto de realidad psíquica, que contiene en su etimología la noción de efectos de ese otro-Otro que nos envuelve. Del discurso infantil enfatizo el lado fáctico del mismo, donde la subdivisión icónico, indicial y simbólica nos permite abarcar mejor nuestro quehacer en la sala de juegos dado son elementos que constituyen el significante psicoanalítico(AU)

Do trauma ao desarme: o prazer do brincar / From trauma to weaning: the pleasure of playing

O presente artigo é fruto de uma dissertação de mestrado sobre o tema do desmame e seus efeitos na relação mãe-filho. O desenvolvimento do tema percorre as seguintes etapas de estudo: o seio como demanda de amor, a relação entre o trauma e o desmame, as categorias da falta de objeto, o jogo do Fort-Da, o desejo de desmame, o brincar e suas relações com o objeto transicional e o objeto a. Em seguida, discute-se um caso clínico atendido no Programa Follow-up da Secretaria de Saúde do município de Volta Redonda. Conclui-se que a significação traumática do desmame não é da ordem do necessário e só pode ser dada a posteriori(AU)

This present paper is part of a mastership dissertation about the weaning theme and its effects in the relationship between mother-child. The developing of theme goes through the following stages of studying: the breast as a love factor, the relationship between the trauma and the weaning, the cathegories of the missing object, the For-Da game, the weaning wish, the playing and it's relations with the transition object and the object a. Next, a clinic case assisted in the Follow-up Program of Secretaria de Saúde of Volta Redonda city is discussed. It is conclude that the traumatic signification of the weaning isn't from a necessary issue and can only be given afterwards(AU)

A poética dos neurônios em Freud / The poetics of the neurones in Freud

No seu artigo Freud e a Cena da Escritura (1967), Derrida valoriza a Bahnung (Facilitação) freudiana como um conceito que indica uma possibilidade de ruptura com a metafísica clássica. Segundo Derrida (1967), Freud, ao afirmar que a memória e, conseqüentemente, o psiquismo é fruto das diferenças entre essas facilitações (Bahnungs) nos neurônios PSI, não estabelece uma origem pura e plena para o psíquico. Derrida afirma, ainda, que Freud buscou, em seu Projeto, dar conta do psiquismo através de um apelo ao princípio da diferença. Assim, a origem seria a différance que não é um conceito, nem uma essência, tampouco é a tradução de algum significado transcendental. Desta forma, não há uma origem definitiva do psiquismo que possa ser plenamente determinada, mas sim uma origem que já é transcrição dessas diferenças entre as facilitações e cujo significado está sempre sendo reconstituído no a posteriori (Nachträglichkeit). Por fim, é com a metáfora do Bloco Mágico (Wunderblock) que o modelo freudiano se conforma mais propriamente a uma escritura. No presente artigo, buscamos articular essa leitura derridiana de Freud com a poesia; esta aqui é entendida como criação diante da ignorância ou estranheza que a différance, a cada vez, faz emergir. A poesia seria, portanto, uma possibilidade de desdobramento da différance, seguindo as vias abertas pelas primeiras facilitações nos neurônios. A criação segue reenviando à própria origem, impedindo, assim, que se estabeleça uma oposição absoluta entre a origem e o originado e também um pleno presente em qualquer tempo, passado, presente ou futuro.

In his article 'Freud and the Scene of Writing', Derrida (1967) valuesthe Freudian 'Bahnung' (facilitation) as a concept that fosters arupture with classic metaphysics. According to Derrida, Freud, whenhe affirms that memory and, consequently, the psychic, are fruits ofdifferences between these facilitations in psychic apparatus, doesnot establish a pure and full origin of the psychic. Derrida affirms alsothat Freud tried, in his ôProjectõ, to give account of psychic invokingthe principle of difference. Thus, the origin would be 'différance',which neither is a concept, nor an essence, nor the translation ofsome transcendental meaning. So, the psychic does not have adefinitive origin that can be fully determined, but it has an originthat is already the transcription of those differences between thefacilitations, which meaning is always re-constituted as a deferredaction ('Nachträglichkeit'). Finally, it is with the metaphor of magical. block ('Wunderblock') that Freud takes writing more precisely as amodel. In the present article, we aim to articulate this Derridarian interpretation of Freud with poetry. Poetry is understood, here, asa creation in face of ignorance or strangeness, that 'différance', ineach time, makes emerge. Poetry would be, therefore, an unfolding of 'différance', following the ways opened by the first facilitations in neurons. Creation always remits to its origin, thus, precludingthe establishment of any absolute opposition between the originand the originated, and, also, of a plain present, in any time: past,present or future.