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Objetivo. Evaluar los efectos psicológicos del aislamiento social (síntomas de estrés postraumático) asociados a la situación mundial de pandemia y la posible asociación con el funcionamiento psicológico positivo. Método. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 440 participantes entre 18 y 65 años (M = 35.25), a través de un muestreo por conveniencia. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, convivencia y ocupación. La información se recogió en formato en línea, entre abril y julio de 2020. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y comparativo de las variables. Resultados. Se observó una relación entre Aislamiento Social y Síntomas de estrés post traumáticos. El funcionamiento psicológico positivo se correlacionó de manera inversa con el aislamiento social y los síntomas de estrés post traumático, los que son más evidentes en las franjas de edad intermedia y mayor (36-50 y 51-65). El funcionamiento psicológico positivo mostró niveles más elevados en el grupo de 51-65 años y en participantes del interior del país. Los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión fueron mayores en jóvenes (de 18-25 años), mujeres, residentes de ciudad y personas que viven con sus padres. Estos datos pueden aportar a las estrategias de tratamientos que intenten reducir los síntomas psicológicos del aislamiento por COVID-19, basado en los recursos psicológicos.
Objective. Evaluate the psychological effects of social isolation (post-traumatic stress symptoms) associated with the global pandemic situation and the possible association with positive psychological functioning. Method. The design was a cross-sectional study with 440 participants between 18 and 65 years old (M = 35.25) selected through convenience sampling. Sociodemographic, coexistence and occupation data were collected. The information was collected online, between April and July 2020. A descriptive and comparative analysis of the variables was carried out. Results. A relationship between Social Isolation and Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms was observed. Positive psychological functioning was inversely correlated with social isolation and post-traumatic stress symptoms, which are more evident in the middle and older age ranges (36-50 and 51-65). Positive psychological functioning showed higher levels in the 51-65 age group and in participants from the interior of the country. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were greater in young people (18-25 years old), women, city residents, and people living with their parents. These data can inform treatment strategies that attempt to reduce the psychological symptoms of COVID-19 isolation, based on psychological resources.
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Abstract In Mexico, healthy lifestyle has a low prevalence. The importance of a healthy lifestyle lies in avoiding the emergence of a chronic non-communicable disease. Thus, university administrative personnel are a vulnerable population due to working conditions that prevent them from having a healthy lifestyle, so it is necessary to analyze psychological variables that can explain how to promote and develop a healthy lifestyle. The purposes of this study were to identify relationships among lifestyle (LS) and positive psychological functioning (PPF) and their differences by gender in the administrative staff; a cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted. University administrative staff (n = 102), were recruited using the snowball sampling method, forming a non-probabilistic sample, completed the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire and the Positive Psychological Functioning Scale. LS has a statistically significant correlation with PPF (r = .355, p = .001); in addition, it is worth pointing out that showing a low level of PPF implies a lower probability of having a healthy LS (Ψ = 28.333, 4.965 - 161.675). Results suggest the relevance of interventions to develop psychological resources in people seeking the adoption of a healthy LS.
Resumen En México, el estilo de vida saludable tiene una baja prevalencia. La importancia de un estilo de vida saludable radica en evitar la aparición de una enfermedad crónica no transmisible. Así, el personal administrativo universitario es una población vulnerable debido a las condiciones laborales que les impiden tener un estilo de vida saludable, por lo que es necesario analizar las variables psicológicas que pueden explicar cómo promoverlo y desarrollarlo. Los propósitos de este estudio fueron identificar las relaciones entre el estilo de vida (EV) y el funcionamiento psicológico positivo (FPP) y sus diferencias por sexo en personal administrativo universitario para lo cual se realizó un estudio transversal y correlacional. El personal administrativo universitario (n = 102) reclutado mediante el método de muestreo de bola de nieve, completó el Cuestionario de Estilo de Vida Fantástico y la Escala de Funcionamiento Psicológico Positivo. El EV presentó una correlación estadísticamente significativa con el FPP (r = .355, p = .001); además, vale la pena señalar que tener un bajo nivel de FPP implica una menor probabilidad de tener un EV saludable (Ψ = 28.333, 4.965 - 161.675). Los resultados sugieren la relevancia de las intervenciones para desarrollar recursos psicológicos en personas que buscan la adopción de un EV saludable.
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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de Funcionamiento Psicológico Positivo (FPP) en adolescentes uruguayos. La escala está compuesta por 33 ítems que miden 11 recursos psicológicos. El FPP se constituye en un constructo de segundo orden del bienestar eudaimónico. Se realizó un estudio de tipo instrumental con una muestra por conveniencia conformada por 183 adolescentes (de 12 a 17 años) de población general. Los resultados de los análisis factoriales realizados resultan en una estructura de siete dimensiones: autoestima, autonomía, propósito vital, optimismo/disfrute, curiosidad, humor y dominio del entorno (RMSEA= .09, CFI= .99, TLI= .97), y adecuados valores de fiabilidad. La solución factorial organizada en siete factores explica el 62,15 % de la varianza. Estos resultados concuerdan con el único estudio publicado en población adolescente, que a diferencia del original y los posteriores replicados, utilizaron muestras de universitarios.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da escala de Funcionamento Psicológico Positivo (FPP) em adolescentes uruguaios. A escala é composta por 33 itens que medem 11 recursos psicológicos. O FPP constitui um construto de segunda ordem do bem-estar eudaimônico. Realizou-se estudo instrumental com amostra de conveniência composta por 183 adolescentes (12 a 17 anos) da população geral. Os resultados da análise fatorial realizada resultam em uma estrutura de sete dimensões: autoestima, autonomia, resiliência, otimismo, curiosidade, prazer e domínio do ambiente (RMSEA = 0,09, CFI = 0,99, TLI = 0,97) e valores de confiabilidade adequados. A solução fatorial organizada em sete fatores explica 62,15 % da variância. Esses resultados são consistentes com o único estudo publicado em uma população de adolescentes que, ao contrário do original e das réplicas subsequentes, utilizou amostras de estudantes universitários.
The objective of this paper was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Positive Psychological Functioning scale (PPF) in Uruguayan adolescents. The scale is composed of 33 items that measure 11 psychological resources. The PPF constitutes a second-order construct of eudaimonic well-being. An instrumental study was carried out using a convenience sample made up of 183 adolescents (ages 12 through 17) from the general population. The results of the factor analysis carried out had a seven-dimensional structure: self-esteem, autonomy, purpose in life, optimism/enjoyment, curiosity, sense of humor, and environmental mastery (RMSEA = .09, CFI = .99, TLI = .97), and adequate reliability values. The factorial solution organized into seven factors explains 62.15 % of the variance. These results coincide with the only published study for an adolescent population, which differs from the original and subsequent studies given that these analyzed samples from university students.
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BACKGROUND: Bullying is a major problem worldwide and Chile is no exception. Bullying is defined as a systematic aggressive behavior against a victim who cannot defend him or herself. Victims suffer social isolation and psychological maladjustment, while bullies have a higher risk for conduct problems and substance use disorders. These problems appear to last over time. The KiVa antibullying program has been evaluated in Finland and other European countries, showing preventive effects on victimization and self-reported bullying. The aims of this study are (1) to develop a culturally appropriate version of the KiVa material and (2) to test the effectiveness of the KiVa program, with and without the online game, on reducing experiences of victimization and bullying behavior among vulnerable primary schools in Santiago (Chile), using a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with three arms: (1) full KiVa program group, (2) partial KiVa (without online game) program group and (3) control group. METHODS AND DESIGN: This is a three-arm, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a target enrolment of 1495 4th and 5th graders attending 13 vulnerable schools per arm. Students in the full and partial KiVa groups will receive universal actions: ten 2-h lessons delivered by trained teachers during 1 year; they will be exposed to posters encouraging them to support victims and behave constructively when witnessing bullying; and a person designated by the school authorities will be present in all school breaks and lunchtimes using a visible KiVa vest to remind everybody that they are in a KiVa school. KiVa schools also will have indicated actions, which consist of a set of discussion groups with the victims and with the bullies, with proper follow-up. Only full KiVa schools will also receive an online game which has the aim to raise awareness of the role of the group in bullying, increase empathy and promote strategies to support victimized peers. Self-reported victimization, bullying others and peer-reported bullying actions, psychological and academic functioning, and sense of school membership will be measured at baseline and 12 months after randomization. DISCUSSION: This is the first cluster RCT of the KiVa antibullying program in Latin America. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02898324 . Registered on 8 September 2016.