Microbiome analyses of 12 psyllid species of the family Psyllidae identified various bacteria including Fukatsuia and Serratia symbiotica, known as secondary symbionts of aphids.

BACKGROUND: Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) comprise a group of plant sap-sucking insects that includes important agricultural pests. They have close associations not only with plant pathogens, but also with various microbes, including obligate mutualists and facultative symbionts. Recent studies are revealing that interactions among such bacterial populations are important for psyllid biology and host plant pathology. In the present study, to obtain further insight into the ecological and evolutionary behaviors of bacteria in Psylloidea, we analyzed the microbiomes of 12 psyllid species belonging to the family Psyllidae (11 from Psyllinae and one from Macrocorsinae), using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS: The analysis showed that all 12 psyllids have the primary symbiont, Candidatus Carsonella ruddii (Gammaproteobacteria: Oceanospirillales), and at least one secondary symbiont. The majority of the secondary symbionts were gammaproteobacteria, especially those of the family Enterobacteriaceae (order: Enterobacteriales). Among them, symbionts belonging to "endosymbionts3", which is a genus-level monophyletic group assigned by the SILVA rRNA database, were the most prevalent and were found in 9 of 11 Psyllinae species. Ca. Fukatsuia symbiotica and Serratia symbiotica, which were recognized only as secondary symbionts of aphids, were also identified. In addition to other Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, including Arsenophonus, Sodalis, and "endosymbionts2", which is another genus-level clade, Pseudomonas (Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae) and Diplorickettsia (Diplorickettsiales: Diplorickettsiaceae) were identified. Regarding Alphaproteobacteria, the potential plant pathogen Ca. Liberibacter europaeus (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae) was detected for the first time in Anomoneura mori (Psyllinae), a mulberry pest. Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) and Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), plausible host reproduction manipulators that are potential tools to control pest insects, were also detected. CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified various bacterial symbionts including previously unexpected lineages in psyllids, suggesting considerable interspecific transfer of arthropod symbionts. The findings provide deeper insights into the evolution of interactions among insects, bacteria, and plants, which may be exploited to facilitate the control of pest psyllids in the future.

Jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of Kerman, Iran, with the description of one new Cacopsylla species.

In a faunistic survey of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) in the province of Kerman, Iran, in 2016‒2017, one undescribed species, Cacopsylla paraspiculata Lashkari Burckhardt, sp. nov., and one species new for Iran, Colposcenia orientalis (Klimaszewski, 1970), were collected. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the two species as well as for Craspedolepta tadshikistanica Baeva, 1973. A revised checklist of jumping plant-lice from Kerman including 40 species of five families and 18 genera is presented based on literature records and recently collected material.

On the taxonomy of Korean jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea).

The taxonomy of jumping plant-lice from South Korea is revised based on extensive, recently collected material and specimens preserved in several collections. Three species are described as new (Craspedolepta yongjungi, Cacopsylla baccatae and Cyamophila floribundae spp. nov.) and 11 species are recorded from South Korea for the first time (Aphalaridae 2, Homotomidae 1, Liviidae 1, Psyllidae 6, Triozidae 1). One genus and 13 species are synonymised, two species are removed from synonymy and two species are recombined. Comments on the taxonomy are provided and previous misidentifications are discussed.