Efectividad del entrenamiento propioceptivo en la recuperación funcional de la artrosis en la base del pulgar. Ensayo clínico multicéntrico con aleatorización simple no cegado / Effectiveness of proprioception training in functional recovery of thumb osteoarthritis. Single, multicenter, non-blind randomized clinical trial

Antecedentes y objetivos: La osteoartritis de la base del primer metacarpiano (OA CMC-1) es una patología que afecta mayormente a mujeres posmenopáusicas. Los síntomas principales que acompañan esta patología son el dolor, la pérdida de fuerza y la disminución de capacidad motora fina. A pesar de que se ha demostrado un déficit propioceptivo en personas con OA CMC-1, no hay evidencia suficiente sobre los efectos del trabajo propioceptivo. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la efectividad del entrenamiento propioceptivo en la recuperación funcional. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron un total de 57 pacientes, 29 del grupo control y 28 en el experimental. Ambos grupos llevaron a cabo el programa de intervención, y al grupo experimental se le incluyó además un protocolo de trabajo propioceptivo. Las variables de estudio fueron el dolor (EVA), percepción del desempeño ocupacional (COMP), sensación de posición (SP) y sensación de fuerza (SF). Resultados: Se observó una mejora estadísticamente significativa en el grupo experimental en el dolor (p<0,05) y el desempeño ocupacional (p<0,001) a los 3 meses de tratamiento. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en la sensación de posición (SP) y la sensación de fuerza (FS). Discusión y conclusiones: La correlación de nuestros resultados y los de estudios precedentes en cuanto a la efectividad del entrenamiento propioceptivo sobre las variables de estudio nos permite afirmar que la incorporación de un protocolo de ejercicios propioceptivos disminuye el dolor y mejora notablemente el desempeño ocupacional. (AU)

Background and objectives: Osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb (CMC-1 OA) is a pathology that mainly affects postmenopausal women. The main symptoms including pain, decreased hand-thumb strength and fine motor capacity. Although a proprioceptive deficit has already been demonstrated in people with CMC-1 OA, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effects of proprioceptive training. The main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of proprioceptive training in functional recovery. Materials and methods: A total of 57 patients were included in the study, 29 in the control group and 28 in the experimental group. Both groups underwent the same basic intervention programme, but the experimental group included a proprioceptive training protocol. Variables of the study were pain (VAS), perception of occupational performance (COMP), sense position (SP) and force sensation (FS). Results: Statistically significant improvement was observed in the experimental group in pain (p<.05) and occupational performance (p<.001) after 3 months of treatment. No statistical differences were found in sense position (SP) or sensation of force (FS). Discussion and conclusions: The results concord with previous studies focussing on proprioception training. The incorporation of a proprioceptive exercise protocol reduces pain and significantly improves occupational performance. (AU)

Effectiveness of proprioception training in functional recovery of thumb osteoarthritis. Single, multicenter, non-blind randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb (CMC-1 OA) is a pathology that mainly affects postmenopausal women. The main symptoms including pain, decreased hand-thumb strength and fine motor capacity. Although a proprioceptive deficit has already been demonstrated in people with CMC-1 OA, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effects of proprioceptive training. The main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of proprioceptive training in functional recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 57 patients were included in the study, 29 in the control group and 28 in the experimental group. Both groups underwent the same basic intervention programme, but the experimental group included a proprioceptive training protocol. Variables of the study were pain (VAS), perception of occupational performance (COMP), sense position (SP) and force sensation (FS). RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement was observed in the experimental group in pain (p < .05) and occupational performance (p < .001) after 3 months of treatment. No statistical differences were found in sense position (SP) or sensation of force (FS). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The results concord with previous studies focussing on proprioception training. The incorporation of a proprioceptive exercise protocol reduces pain and significantly improves occupational performance.

Modification of Burton and Pellegrini trapeziectomy technique: Medium-term comparative analysis / Modificación de la técnica de trapeciectomía de Burton-Pellegrini: análisis comparativo a medio término

Introduction: Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) arthroplasty is the procedure of choice of most hand surgeons in the treatment of basal joint arthritis of the thumb. Progressive and natural collapse after trapeziectomy is a common problem. Description of technique: We performed LRTI with flexor carpi radialis (FCR) hemitendon technique, then proceeded to block the hemitendon plasty with a bone fragment at the base of the metacarpal. This technique allows us to maintain tension and to obtain immediate stability. Patients and methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective longitudinal observational study including 51 patients with diagnosis of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint. Group A consisted of 24 thumbs treated with trapeziectomy with LRTI with FCR hemitendon using the Burton-Pellegrini technique. Group B included 27 thumbs treated using the modified technique. The postoperative height of the Scaphometacarpal (SM) space was analyzed. Clinical outcome, opposition, retroversion, patient satisfaction and surgical timing were studied. Results: The difference of the SM space, after applying correction factor, at one and six months postoperative is significantly less in the modified technique group (p=0.033 and p=0.001 respectively). The average height loss of the SM space from one to six months postoperative measurement was smaller in the study group, showing greater stability of the plasty. Conclusions: The use of a bone fragment to block the FCR plasty improves the results at one and six months postoperatively, showing a diminished height loss of the SM space, improved thumb opposition and without prolonging surgical timing in our series.(AU)

Introducción: La artroplastia con reconstrucción ligamentosa e interposición tendinosa (LRTI, en inglés) es el procedimiento de elección para tratar la rizartrosis. El colapso progresivo tras la trapeciectomía es un problema habitual. Descripción de la técnica: Realizamos una LRTI con el hemitendón del flexor carpis radialis (FCR) y, posteriormente, colocamos un fragmento óseo en la base del metacarpo para bloquear la plastia. Esta técnica nos permite obtener estabilidad inmediata y mantener la tensión. Método: Presentamos un estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo unicéntrico, que incluye a 51 pacientes con diagnóstico de rizartrosis sintomática. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos: grupo A, pacientes intervenidos mediante trapeciectomía con LRTI del FCR según la técnica de Burton-Pellegrini y grupo B, pacientes intervenidos mediante la técnica modificada. Se analizó la altura del espacio escafometacarpiano (EM) restante en radiografías postoperatorias. Se valoraron los resultados clínicos, como la oposición o retroversión del pulgar, satisfacción del paciente y tiempo quirúrgico. Resultados: Las diferencias en altura del espacio EM a uno y 6 meses tras la cirugía son significativamente menores con la técnica modificada (p=0,033 y p=0,001, respectivamente). La pérdida de altura media del espacio EM del primer al sexto mes tras la cirugía fue menor en el grupo B, con mayor estabilidad de la plastia. Conclusión: El uso de un fragmento óseo para bloquear la plastia del FCR mejora los resultados clínicos y radiológicos a uno y 6 meses tras la cirugía, con menor pérdida de altura del espacio EM y mejoría de la oposición del pulgar, sin aumentar el tiempo quirúrgico.(AU)

[Artículo traducido] Modificación de la técnica de trapeciectomía de Burton-Pellegrini: análisis comparativo a medio término / Modification of Burton and Pellegrini trapeziectomy technique: Medium-term comparative analysis

Introduction: Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) arthroplasty is the procedure of choice of most hand surgeons in the treatment of basal joint arthritis of the thumb. Progressive and natural collapse after trapeziectomy is a common problem. Description of technique: We performed LRTI with flexor carpi radialis (FCR) hemitendon technique, then proceeded to block the hemitendon plasty with a bone fragment at the base of the metacarpal. This technique allows us to maintain tension and to obtain immediate stability. Patients and methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective longitudinal observational study including 51 patients with diagnosis of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint. Group A consisted of 24 thumbs treated with trapeziectomy with LRTI with FCR hemitendon using the Burton-Pellegrini technique. Group B included 27 thumbs treated using the modified technique. The postoperative height of the Scaphometacarpal (SM) space was analyzed. Clinical outcome, opposition, retroversion, patient satisfaction and surgical timing were studied. Results: The difference of the SM space, after applying correction factor, at one and six months postoperative is significantly less in the modified technique group (p=0.033 and p=0.001 respectively). The average height loss of the SM space from one to six months postoperative measurement was smaller in the study group, showing greater stability of the plasty. Conclusions: The use of a bone fragment to block the FCR plasty improves the results at one and six months postoperatively, showing a diminished height loss of the SM space, improved thumb opposition and without prolonging surgical timing in our series.(AU)

Introducción: La artroplastia con reconstrucción ligamentosa e interposición tendinosa (LRTI, en inglés) es el procedimiento de elección para tratar la rizartrosis. El colapso progresivo tras la trapeciectomía es un problema habitual. Descripción de la técnica: Realizamos una LRTI con el hemitendón del flexor carpis radialis (FCR) y, posteriormente, colocamos un fragmento óseo en la base del metacarpo para bloquear la plastia. Esta técnica nos permite obtener estabilidad inmediata y mantener la tensión. Método: Presentamos un estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo unicéntrico, que incluye a 51 pacientes con diagnóstico de rizartrosis sintomática. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos: grupo A, pacientes intervenidos mediante trapeciectomía con LRTI del FCR según la técnica de Burton-Pellegrini y grupo B, pacientes intervenidos mediante la técnica modificada. Se analizó la altura del espacio escafometacarpiano (EM) restante en radiografías postoperatorias. Se valoraron los resultados clínicos, como la oposición o retroversión del pulgar, satisfacción del paciente y tiempo quirúrgico. Resultados: Las diferencias en altura del espacio EM a uno y 6 meses tras la cirugía son significativamente menores con la técnica modificada (p=0,033 y p=0,001, respectivamente). La pérdida de altura media del espacio EM del primer al sexto mes tras la cirugía fue menor en el grupo B, con mayor estabilidad de la plastia. Conclusión: El uso de un fragmento óseo para bloquear la plastia del FCR mejora los resultados clínicos y radiológicos a uno y 6 meses tras la cirugía, con menor pérdida de altura del espacio EM y mejoría de la oposición del pulgar, sin aumentar el tiempo quirúrgico.(AU)

Spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon after conservative treatment of a non-displaced distal radius fracture in an adolescent / Rotura espontánea del tendón del extensor largo del pulgar tras el tratamiento conservador de una fractura no desplazada del radio distal en un adolescente

Abstract: A spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon after a fracture of the distal radius is a known complication in adults. In contrast, there are a paucity of reports concerning EPL tendon ruptures in children and adolescents. The authors present a case of a spontaneous rupture of the EPL tendon in a 15-year-old girl after a non-displaced distal radius fracture. The patient had no predisposing factors including rheumatoid arthritis or steroid injection. During surgery, the EPL tendon was found to be ruptured at the extensor retinaculum (third compartment). Extensor indicis proprius (EIP) to EPL transfer was performed. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and showed satisfactory thumb function, with normal active extension.

Resumen: La rotura espontánea del tendón del extensor largo del pulgar (EPL) tras una fractura distal del radio es una complicación conocida en adultos. En cambio, son escasos los informes sobre roturas del tendón del EPL en niños y adolescentes. Los autores presentan un caso de rotura espontánea del tendón del EPL en una niña de 15 años tras una fractura distal del radio no desplazada. La paciente no presentaba factores predisponentes como artritis reumatoide o inyección de esteroides. Durante la intervención quirúrgica, se descubrió que el tendón del EPL estaba roto a la altura del retináculo extensor (tercer compartimento). Se realizó una transferencia del extensor indicis proprius (EIP) al EPL. A los 18 meses de seguimiento, el paciente estaba asintomático y mostraba una función satisfactoria del pulgar, con una extensión activa normal.

Modification of Burton and Pellegrini trapeziectomy technique: Medium-term comparative analysis. / [Artículo traducido] Modificación de la técnica de trapeciectomía de Burton-Pellegrini: análisis comparativo a medio término.

INTRODUCTION: Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) arthroplasty is the procedure of choice of most hand surgeons in the treatment of basal joint arthritis of the thumb. Progressive and natural collapse after trapeziectomy is a common problem. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE: We performed LRTI with flexor carpi radialis (FCR) hemitendon technique, then proceeded to block the hemitendon plasty with a bone fragment at the base of the metacarpal. This technique allows us to maintain tension and to obtain immediate stability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective longitudinal observational study including 51 patients with diagnosis of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint. Group A consisted of 24 thumbs treated with trapeziectomy with LRTI with FCR hemitendon using the Burton-Pellegrini technique. Group B included 27 thumbs treated using the modified technique. The postoperative height of the Scaphometacarpal (SM) space was analyzed. Clinical outcome, opposition, retroversion, patient satisfaction and surgical timing were studied. RESULTS: The difference of the SM space, after applying correction factor, at one and six months postoperative is significantly less in the modified technique group (P = .033 and P = .001, respectively). The average height loss of the SM space from one to six months postoperative measurement was smaller in the study group, showing greater stability of the plasty. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a bone fragment to block the FCR plasty improves the results at one and six months postoperatively, showing a diminished height loss of the SM space, improved thumb opposition and without prolonging surgical timing in our series.

Modification of Burton and Pellegrini trapeziectomy technique: Medium-term comparative analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) arthroplasty is the procedure of choice of most hand surgeons in the treatment of basal joint arthritis of the thumb. Progressive and natural collapse after trapeziectomy is a common problem. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE: We performed LRTI with flexor carpi radialis (FCR) hemitendon technique, then proceeded to block the hemitendon plasty with a bone fragment at the base of the metacarpal. This technique allows us to maintain tension and to obtain immediate stability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective longitudinal observational study including 51 patients with diagnosis of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint. Group A consisted of 24 thumbs treated with trapeziectomy with LRTI with FCR hemitendon using the Burton-Pellegrini technique. Group B included 27 thumbs treated using the modified technique. The postoperative height of the Scaphometacarpal (SM) space was analyzed. Clinical outcome, opposition, retroversion, patient satisfaction and surgical timing were studied. RESULTS: The difference of the SM space, after applying correction factor, at one and six months postoperative is significantly less in the modified technique group (p=0.033 and p=0.001 respectively). The average height loss of the SM space from one to six months postoperative measurement was smaller in the study group, showing greater stability of the plasty. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a bone fragment to block the FCR plasty improves the results at one and six months postoperatively, showing a diminished height loss of the SM space, improved thumb opposition and without prolonging surgical timing in our series.

Infiltración comisural dorsal en el tratamiento del pulgar y los dedos en resorte. Estudio de una cohorte prospectiva / Out-of-sheath corticosteroid injections through the dorsal webspace for trigger finger and trigger thumb. A prospective cohort study

Antecedentes y objetivo: Las infiltraciones de corticoides son efectivas en el tratamiento de los dedos en gatillo pero el dolor percibido por el paciente durante la inyección es un efecto acompañante siempre presente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad y el dolor percibido durante una infiltración corticoidea depositada fuera de la vaina tendinosa utilizando la técnica comisural dorsal. Material y método: Se incluyeron 126 pacientes consecutivos. Se realizó una infiltración esteroidea subcutánea (fuera de la vaina) a través de la comisura dorsal. En los casos en que los signos o síntomas persistieron, se ofreció una segunda infiltración. Se registró el dolor percibido durante la infiltración mediante la escala visual analógica, el cuestionario DASH antes del tratamiento y al final de seguimiento, la tasa de éxito y las complicaciones. Resultados: Fueron 86 mujeres y 40 hombres con una edad media de 61 años. La puntuación media del dolor durante la infiltración fue de 3,8. Doce pacientes se perdieron durante el seguimiento. El éxito global fue del 68% y el éxito tras una única inyección fue del 54%. El mejor resultado se obtuvo en el dedo anular. Los pacientes que no habían sido operados previamente del síndrome del túnel carpiano respondieron mejor. No se objetivaron complicaciones. Conclusiones: La infiltración esteroidea fuera de la vaina tendinosa y utilizando la técnica comisural dorsal es efectiva y segura en el tratamiento de los dedos en resorte. Parece ser menos dolorosa que los resultados publicados para la técnica palmar sobre la línea media, aunque esto debe evaluarse en un estudio diseñado para ello.(AU)

Background and objective: Steroid injections are effective in the treatment of trigger digits but the pain during the injection is an always-present accompanying effect. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and perceived pain during an out-of-sheath corticosteroid injection through the dorsal webspace in the treatment of trigger digits. Material and method: A total of 126 consecutive patients were included. A subcutaneous (out-of-sheath) corticosteroid injection was performed through the dorsal webspace in all digits. In cases where signs or symptoms persisted, a second injection was offered. Visual analog scale for pain during the injection, DASH questionnaire, success rate and complications were collected. Results: There were 86 women and 40 men with a mean age of 61 years. The mean visual analog scale for pain during the injection was 3.8. Twelve patients were lost to follow-up. The overall success was 68% and success after a single injection was 54%. The best result was achieved on the ring finger. Patients who were not previously operated on carpal tunnel syndrome responded better. No complications were noted. Conclusions: The extra-sheath corticosteroid injection through the dorsal webspace is effective and safe. It seems to be less painful than the reported scores for the palmar midline technique although it should be assessed in a comparative study.(AU)

Out-of-sheath corticosteroid injections through the dorsal webspace for trigger finger and trigger thumb. A prospective cohort study / Infiltración comisural dorsal en el tratamiento del pulgar y los dedos en resorte. Estudio de una cohorte prospectiva

Background and objective: Steroid injections are effective in the treatment of trigger digits but the pain during the injection is an always-present accompanying effect. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and perceived pain during an out-of-sheath corticosteroid injection through the dorsal webspace in the treatment of trigger digits. Material and method: A total of 126 consecutive patients were included. A subcutaneous (out-of-sheath) corticosteroid injection was performed through the dorsal webspace in all digits. In cases where signs or symptoms persisted, a second injection was offered. Visual analog scale for pain during the injection, DASH questionnaire, success rate and complications were collected. Results: There were 86 women and 40 men with a mean age of 61 years. The mean visual analog scale for pain during the injection was 3.8. Twelve patients were lost to follow-up. The overall success was 68% and success after a single injection was 54%. The best result was achieved on the ring finger. Patients who were not previously operated on carpal tunnel syndrome responded better. No complications were noted. Conclusions: The extra-sheath corticosteroid injection through the dorsal webspace is effective and safe. It seems to be less painful than the reported scores for the palmar midline technique although it should be assessed in a comparative study.(AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo: Las infiltraciones de corticoides son efectivas en el tratamiento de los dedos en gatillo pero el dolor percibido por el paciente durante la inyección es un efecto acompañante siempre presente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad y el dolor percibido durante una infiltración corticoidea depositada fuera de la vaina tendinosa utilizando la técnica comisural dorsal. Material y método: Se incluyeron 126 pacientes consecutivos. Se realizó una infiltración esteroidea subcutánea (fuera de la vaina) a través de la comisura dorsal. En los casos en que los signos o síntomas persistieron, se ofreció una segunda infiltración. Se registró el dolor percibido durante la infiltración mediante la escala visual analógica, el cuestionario DASH antes del tratamiento y al final de seguimiento, la tasa de éxito y las complicaciones. Resultados: Fueron 86 mujeres y 40 hombres con una edad media de 61 años. La puntuación media del dolor durante la infiltración fue de 3,8. Doce pacientes se perdieron durante el seguimiento. El éxito global fue del 68% y el éxito tras una única inyección fue del 54%. El mejor resultado se obtuvo en el dedo anular. Los pacientes que no habían sido operados previamente del síndrome del túnel carpiano respondieron mejor. No se objetivaron complicaciones. Conclusiones: La infiltración esteroidea fuera de la vaina tendinosa y utilizando la técnica comisural dorsal es efectiva y segura en el tratamiento de los dedos en resorte. Parece ser menos dolorosa que los resultados publicados para la técnica palmar sobre la línea media, aunque esto debe evaluarse en un estudio diseñado para ello.(AU)

Rizartrosis de dedo pulgar en dentistas: prevención y tratamiento / Thumb rhizarthrosis in dentists: prevention and treatment

Trapeziometacarpal rhizarthrosis can affect the work of dentists and it is important its knowledge for prevention and treatment. Material and Methods: The following electronic databases have been searched: Pubmed Medline and the Cochrane Library Plus. Articles published in Spanish and English about prevention and treatment of thumb rhizarthrosis.Results and discussion: A series of measures are proposed to stop rhizarthrosis and improve quality of 1life. There is a conservative treatment and a surgical treatment. Conclusions: The repetitive movements and in many cases using force that dentists perform can lead torhizarthrosis, especially in women.

La rizartrosis trapeciometacarpal puede afectar el trabajo de los dentistas y es importante su conocimientopara su prevención y tratamiento. Material y métodos: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubmedMedline y biblioteca Cochrane.Artículos publicados en español y en inglés sobre prevención y tratamiento de la rizartrosis del dedo pulgar. Resultados y discusión: Se proponen una serie de medidas para frenar la rizartrosis y mejorar la calidadde vida. Hay un tratamiento conservador y un tratamiento quirúrgico.Conclusión: Los movimientos repetitivos y en muchas ocasiones haciendo fuerza que realizan los dentistaspueden conducir a rizartrosis, sobre todo en mujeres.

Rizartrosis de dedo pulgar en dentistas: prevención y tratamiento / Thumb rhizarthrosis in dentists: prevention and treatment

La rizartrosis trapeciometacarpal puede afectar el trabajo de los dentistas y es importante su conocimiento para su prevención y tratamiento. Material y métodos: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubmedMedline y biblioteca Cochrane. Artículos publicados en español y en inglés sobre prevención y tratamiento de la rizartrosis del dedo pulgar. Resultados y discusión: Se proponen una serie de medidas para frenar la rizartrosis y mejorar la calidad de vida. Hay un tratamiento conservador y un tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusión: Los movimientos repetitivos y en muchas ocasiones haciendo fuerza que realizan los dentistas pueden conducir a rizartrosis, sobre todo en mujeres.

Trapeziometacarpal rhizarthrosis can affect the work of dentists and it is important its knowledge for prevention and treatment. Material and Methods: The following electronic databases have been searched: Pubmed Medline and the Cochrane Library Plus. Articles published in Spanish and English about prevention and treatment of thumb rhizarthrosis. Results and discussion: A series of measures are proposed to stop rhizarthrosis and improve quality of life. There is a conservative treatment and a surgical treatment. Conclusions: The repetitive movements and in many cases using force that dentists perform can lead to rhizarthrosis, especially in women.

Out-of-sheath corticosteroid injections through the dorsal webspace for trigger finger and trigger thumb. A prospective cohort study. / Infiltración comisural dorsal en el tratamiento del pulgar y los dedos en resorte. Estudio de una cohorte prospectiva.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Steroid injections are effective in the treatment of trigger digits but the pain during the injection is an always-present accompanying effect. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and perceived pain during an out-of-sheath corticosteroid injection through the dorsal webspace in the treatment of trigger digits. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 126 consecutive patients were included. A subcutaneous (out-of-sheath) corticosteroid injection was performed through the dorsal webspace in all digits. In cases where signs or symptoms persisted, a second injection was offered. Visual analog scale for pain during the injection, DASH questionnaire, success rate and complications were collected. RESULTS: There were 86 women and 40 men with a mean age of 61 years. The mean visual analog scale for pain during the injection was 3.8. Twelve patients were lost to follow-up. The overall success was 68% and success after a single injection was 54%. The best result was achieved on the ring finger. Patients who were not previously operated on carpal tunnel syndrome responded better. No complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The extra-sheath corticosteroid injection through the dorsal webspace is effective and safe. It seems to be less painful than the reported scores for the palmar midline technique although it should be assessed in a comparative study.

Initial survival of the Isis® total trapeziometacarpal prosthesis with conical trunk threaded cups. / Supervivencia inicial de la prótesis total trapeciometacarpiana de cúpula roscada Isis®.

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis through the implantation of total trapeziometacarpal prostheses is in continuous expansion. The Isis® prosthesis is a trunk-conical threaded anchorage prosthesis. Our objective was to assess the functional results and survival of this implant for at least one year of follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective study on 53 Isis® prosthesis, implanted from april 2014 to january 2019. The Van Cappelle functional test, pain, strength, mobility, return to previous activity, radiological variables and placement of the trapezial component were evaluated. The surgical technique was performed with a guide wirefocused on the trapezius and control of the scopia. Observed complications were recorded and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Fifty-one implants (49 patients) were reviewed. Mean follow-up was 2.1 years (1-5.7). Van Cappelle's test, pain, mobility, and grip and clamp strength improved significantly, as did the distance between the metacarpal head and the trapezius base; 96% of the patients returned in less than 6 months to their activities. Minor complications, 3 De Quervain's tendinopathy and 2 intra-operative metacarpal and 2 trapezium fractures were recorded, and one carpal tunnel syndrome. There was no dislocation, mobilization, or implant infection. CONCLUSIONS: The functional results of the Isis® prosthesis are excellent in the short term, far exceeding the first year of 100% of survival. The complications that arose were minor and few. The anchorage and placement of the trapezial component guided by scopia seem to be crucial for the good result.

Cobertura de partes blandas del Pulgar. Guía en la toma de decisiones / Coverage of soft parts of the Thumb. Guide for decision making

Las lesiones digitales son extremadamente frecuentes y cuando estas involucran al pulgar pueden comprometer importantemente la función de la mano, tanto así que su amputación afecta hasta un 50% la función global de la mano y disminuye su fuerza hasta en un 20%. Para poder mantener el largo del pulgar en muchas ocasiones se requiere de cobertura mediante el uso de colgajos, los cuales no siempre son realizados por un cirujano de mano. La elección correcta del colgajo es esencial para evitar la restricción de movilidad y limitación funcional del dedo lesionado, existiendo múltiples alternativas descritas, que varían en su capacidad de cobertura y complejidad, haciendo difícil una adecuada elección. Nuestro objetivo es resumir y entregar una estrategia de análisis de lesiones del pulgar que permita comprender el tipo de lesión y objetivos del tratamiento quirúrgico, para así optimizar la cobertura según cada caso y los resultados a largo plazo.

Digital injuries are frequent in medical practice. When they involve the thumb, it is important to consider that an amputation affects up to 50% of the hands' function and decreases its strength by up to 20%. Management of thumb injuries often requires coverage with local flaps, which are not always performed by hand surgeons. Choosing the right flap is essential to avoid restrictions in mobility and functional limitations of the injured finger. Our objective is to summarize and provide a strategy for the analysis of thumb injuries that may help to understand the different types of lesions, and the surgical approaches recommend in order to optimize coverage and long term results.

Huber opposition transfer for improving hypoplastic thumb: results of a case series / Transferencia de Huber para mejorar la oposición del pulgar hipoplásico: resultados de una serie de casos

Abstract Introduction: Abductor digiti minimi transfer (also known as Huber opposition transfer) allows restoring thumb opposition. This method has several advantages over other opposition transfer techniques, as it replaces the intrinsic muscles of the thumb with another intrinsic muscle of the hypothenar region, thus improving the volume of thenar eminence. It is used preferably in thumb hypoplasia types II and III. Objective: To describe the functional results of a series of patients with thumb hypoplasia who underwent Huber opposition transfer. Materials and methods: Descriptive, observational study conducted in 11 patients with thumb hypoplasia who underwent Huber opposition transfer and with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Furthermore, some of these patients had undergone pollicization due to their type of hypoplasia. Results: The average age at the time of surgery was 35 months and the average follow-up period was 15.4 months. Average opposition function, according to the modified Kapandji index, improved from 1.63 (range 1-2) to 3.72 (range 2-4). Conclusion: Good functional results were obtained using this technique, achieving overall improvement in opposition function according to the Kapandji index. In 9 patients, the index increased to grade 4 and in 1 it went from grade 1 to grade 3; in 1 case, improvement was not significant (grade 1 to grade 2), since the patient presented with finger stiffness associated with VACTERL. Huber opposition transfer allows achieving good functional opposition results in patients with thumb hypoplasia.

Resumen Introducción. La transferencia del abductor digiti minimi o transferencia de Huber permite restaurar la oposición del pulgar y presenta varias ventajas sobre otras técnicas de transferencias de oposición, ya que reemplaza musculatura intrínseca del pulgar por otro músculo intrínseco de la región hipotenar, lo que mejora el volumen de la eminencia tenar. Este procedimiento es usado preferiblemente en los tipos II y III de hipoplasia de pulgar. Objetivo. Describir los resultados funcionales de la transferencia de Huber en una serie de pacientes con hipoplasia de pulgar. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo realizado en 11 pacientes con hipoplasia de pulgar operados mediante la técnica Huber y a quienes se les había realizado un seguimiento mínimo de 6 meses. Además, algunos habían sido sometidos a pulgariza-ción debido al tipo de hipoplasia que presentaban. Resultados. La edad promedio de los participantes al momento de la cirugía fue de 35 meses y el tiempo promedio de seguimiento fue de 15.4 meses. El promedio de la función de oposición, según la escala modificada de Kapandji mejoró de 1.63 (intervalo de 1-2) a 3.72 (intervalo 2-4). Conclusión. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados funcionales al emplear esta técnica, logrando una mejora general de la oposición según la escala de Kapandji: en 9 pacientes aumentó a grado 4 y en otro pasó de 1 a 3; solo en 1 caso la mejora no fue significativa (grado 1 a 2) dado que el paciente presentaba rigidez de los dedos asociada a VACTERL. La transferencia de Huber es una técnica que permite obtener buenos resultados funcionales de oposición para el pulgar hipoplásico.

Colgajo en cometa como tratamiento de secuelas de quemadura en pulgar / Kite flap for correction of thumb deformities after burn

Introducción. Múltiples técnicas han sido descriptas para la reconstitutición de la función del pulgar quemado, aunque sin relación costo-beneficio. El colgajo en cometa, descripto por Foucher en 1979, aporta cobertura cutánea, sensibilidad y permite mejoría funcional. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia y resultados utilizando el kite flap. Materiales y métodos. Se realiza un estudio restrospectivo, descriptivo, de 4 casos de secuelas de quemaduras en pulgar de la mano atendidas en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reparadora del Hospital de Quemados de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires en un periodo comprendido desde el año 2016 al 2019. Se realizan colgajos en cometa en isla o tunelizados y posterior rehabilitación kinésica. El seguimiento mínimo de la serie es de 3 meses y se toman registros fotográficos pre-, intra- y posoperatorios. Las variables analizadas incluyen: sufrimiento de colgajos, dehiscencia, congestión venosa, prendimiento de injertos en zona dadora, reintervenciones y mejoría en la función de abducción del pulgar y pinza de la mano. Resultados. Se realizaron 3 colgajos en cometa tunelizados y 1 en isla. La totalidad se presentaron vitales aunque con congestión venosa en las primeras 72 hs. No se registraron complicaciones y no fueron necesarias reintervenciones. La mejoría en la función de pinza y de abducción del pulgar fue objetivable mediante la observación y referida por los pacientes y/o familiares según correspondiera. Conclusiones. Creemos que el colgajo en cometa es la mejor opción de tratamiento para las secuelas de quemadura en pulgar por aportar adecuada cobertura cutánea, ser técnicamente sencillo y poder hallar el pedículo en el 100% de la población. La congestión venosa es la regla, aunque también la supervivencia, siendo la morbilidad de la zona dadora mínima y la mejoría en la función de pinza y abducción del pulgar francamente objetivable.

Introduction. Multiple techniques have been described for repair the burned thumb function, although without cost-benefit ratio. The kite flap described by Foucher in 1979, provides skin coverage, sensitivity and allows functional improvement. The goal of this study it to present our experience and results obtained using the kite flap Materials and methods. A retrospective, descriptive study of 4 cases of burned hand's thumb treated in the Plastic Surgery Unit of the Hospital de Quemados on Buenos Aires in a three year's period from 2016 to 2019. Island or tunneled's kite flaps and subsequent kinesic rehabilitation are performed. The minimum follow-up of the series is 3 months and fotographic records pre, intra and postoperative are taken. The variables analyzed include: suffering from flaps, dehiscence, venous congestion, grafting losts on the donor zone, reinterventions and improvement in the function of thumb abduction and hand clamp . Results. 3 tunelled kite flaps and 1 on island were made. All of them were vital, although with venous congestion in the first 72 hours. No complications were recorded and no reinterventions were necessary. The improvement in hand clamp function and thumb abduction was marked through observation and when it posible, referred by patients. Conclusions. We believe that kite flap is the best option of treatment for sequelae of burns affecting hand's thumb for providing adequate skin coverage, being technically simple and being able to find the pedicle at 100% of the population. Venous congestion is the rule, although survival is also. Donor zone´s morbidity is minimal and the improvement in thumb function is clear

Dorsal web injection technique in the treatment of trigger finger and trigger thumb. Anatomical study. / Infiltración comisural dorsal en el tratamiento del pulgar y los dedos en resorte. Estudio anatómico.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Corticosteroid injection is an effective treatment for trigger digits but the pain during the injection is an ever-present side effect. Since the palmar skin has a high density of sensitive receptors, injecting through dorsal skin could be less painful. Our aim was to assess whether a dorsal technique through the dorsal web is safe for extra-sheath injection of trigger fingers and thumb. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is an anatomical study in sixteen cadaveric hands. An injection through the dorsal web was performed on each digit. After careful resection of the palmar skin, the distance between the needle and the main anatomical structures was measured. The risk of major injury was considered high when the mean distance from the needle to the neurovascular bundle was below 1mm. RESULTS: The mean distance from the needle to the neurovascular bundle was 1.77mm. Two neurovascular injuries in 112 injections were observed, one nerve and one artery. The safest digit was the thumb while the most dangerous was the index finger. At the ring finger, the technique was safer when it was carried out from the dorso-radial. CONCLUSIONS: A subcutaneous injection near the flexor tendon sheath can be carried out through the dorsal web with a low, but present, risk of neurovascular injury. It could be useful for injection in the treatment of trigger finger and trigger thumb but it should be assessed in a clinical study.

Síndrome de Townes-Brocks en Barranquilla, Colombia: Reporte de caso y estado del arte / Townes-Brocks Syndrome in Barranquilla, Colombia: Case report and state of the art

RESUMEN El síndrome de Townes-Brocks, descrito por primera vez en 1972, se caracteriza por tres anomalías congénitas mayores: malformación anorrectal, orejas displásicas y malformaciones del pulgar. Es un trastorno genético raro con herencia autosómica dominante y una prevalencia estimada de 1/250 0000, registrándose aproximadamente 164 casos en la literatura. En Colombia, solo un caso ha sido registrado en un evento científico, y este sería el primer caso publicado en una revista indexada. El objetivo de nuestro artículo es reportar el fenotipo del paciente y el estado actual del arte del síndrome de Townes-Brocks.

ABSTRACT Townes-Brocks syndrome, described in 1972, is characterized by three major congenital anomalies: anorectal malformation, dysplastic ears and thumb anomalies. It is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance and an estimated prevalence of 1/250.0000. Approximately 164 cases have been reported in the literature. In Colombia, only one case was previously reported in a scientific event. Our case report is the first published in an indexed journal. Our article aims to report the patient's phenotype and the state of art of Townes-Brocks syndrome.

Comparative functional analysis between pyrolytic carbon prostheses and ligamentous suspension/reconstruction in the treatment of rhizarthrosis. / Análisis funcional comparativo entre la prótesis de carbón pirolítico y la artroplastia de suspensión-reconstrucción ligamentosa para el tratamiento de la rizartrosis del pulgar.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate midterm functional outcome after pyrolytic carbon prosthesis (PyroDisk) implantation in the treatment of rhizarthrosis of the thumb, comparing outcomes with those of ligamentous resection/suspension/reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study retrospectively comparing 2patient groups aged between 40 and 65 years with rhizarthrosis of the thumb. Thirty-two patients operated between 2009 and 2013 were distributed between group i (interposition arthroplasy with PyroDisk implant) and group ii (ligamentous resection/suspension/reconstruction arthroplasty). Data on pain, functionality (Quick-Dash questionnaire) and articular movement were collected in 2015. In addition, a radiological study was undertaken using radiographs and CT. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients, 16 in each group with mean follow-up of 35 months (23-47). Pain at the end of follow-up was greater in the group with the pyrolytic carbon prosthesis (p=0.000). According to the QuickDash questionnaire, the patients in group i achieved a mean functionality of 31.14 (0-70) points compared to 15.81 (8-24) points for group ii (p=0.027). No differences were found in degree of mobility at the end of follow-up (p=0.46). The prosthesis had to be removed in 6 cases. DISCUSSION: The pyrolytic carbon prosthesis has been presented as an alternative treatment for rhizarthrosis of the thumb. The papers pubslished to date highlight the discrepancies in midterm functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Pyrolitic carbon prostheses have shown inferior functional outcomes, compared with resection/suspension/reconstruction arthroplasties.

Lesión simultánea de ambos ligamentos colaterales de la articulación metacarpofalángica del pulgar. Reporte de caso / Simultaneous injury of both ligaments at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. Case report

Presentamos un caso de fractura simultánea por avulsión de ambos ligamentos colaterales de la articulación metacarpofalángica del pulgar. Se analizan el mecanismo de la lesión y el tratamiento utilizado. Nivel de evidencia clínica. Nivel IV.

We report a case of simultaneous avulsion fracture of both collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. The mechanism of injury and treatment used are analyzed. Evidence level. IV