Relationship between vertical jump tests and ice skating performance in junior Polish ice hockey players.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between vertical jumps (VJ) and various on-ice skating performances of junior ice hockey players (n = 19). The three modes of VJ or off-ice measures were countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and depth drop jump (DDJ). The on-ice skating performance was measured by the skating multistage aerobic test (SMAT), forward and backward acceleration test, top speed test, and repeated sprint ability (RSA) test. The relationships between the variables were quantified using Pearson's product-moment correlation. DDJ showed a significant positive correlation with forward average skating speed (FASS) (r = 0.62) and strong correlations with backward average skating speed (BASS) (r = 0.81), and maximum skating speed (MSS) (r = 0.71). SJ was found to be strongly correlated with BASS (r = 0.82) and MSS (r = 0.76), whereas the only on-ice performance that significantly correlated with CMJ was BASS (r = 0.68). All three modes of VJ were inversely and non-significantly correlated with performance decrement index and fatigue index, as determined by the RSA test. SMAT was not significantly correlated with either VJ or RSA. Correlations between all three modes of VJ tests were significant. Therefore, this study concludes that: (1) DDJ can be used as a predictor of all the ice skating speed tests, whereas SJ can predict BASS and MSS. CMJ, on the other hand, can predict the performance of only BASS. (2) RSA performance cannot be predicted from CMJ, SJ, or DDJ tests, and (3) neither any of the VJ nor RSA can predict skating endurance of junior ice hockey players.

Acute effects of different intervals between repeated sprints on performance responses in amateur futsal athletes / Efeitos agudos de diferentes intervalos entre sprint repetidos sobre as respostas de desempenho em atletas amadores de futsal

ABSTRACT Objective: Verify the influence of different break times between sprints on the performance of amateur futsal athletes. Methods: 10 individuals, men, amateur futsal athletes (Age: 21.5 ± 1.6; Weight: 72.4 ± 6.88; Height: 1.72 ± 0.05; BMI: 24.3 ± 1.2; Fat%: 13.7 ± 3.3, VO2peak: 49.1 ± 10.5) participated in the study. Individuals were randomly selected to perform sessions with sprints (10 sets 20 m) with different pause times of 15 (S15), 30 (S30) and 60 (S60) seconds. For performance analysis, the speed (km / h) applied to each sprint was used and monitored by a device with a photocell (CEFISE Biotecnologia Esportiva®). Results: There was an interaction between speed and interval time (p = 0.000). For condition S15, a greater reduction in performance was observed (p ≤ 0.05), while for S30 and S60, no significant reduction in performance was observed (p > 0.05). The data for the area under the curve showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), where the interval of 60 s (S60) was longer compared to the values of 30 (S30) (p = 0.000) and 15 s (S15) (p = 0.000). However, there were no significant differences between the 30 and 15 s data (p = 0.248). Conclusion: A shorter time (15 s) interval between repeated sprints can significantly affect performance compared to longer breaks (30 and 60 s), but all the conditions tested here can be positive for the improvement of performance, mainly in sports that demand fast and efficient motor actions such as futsal.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a influência dos diferentes tempos de intervalo entre os sprints no desempenho dos atletas de futsal amadores. Métodos: 10 indivíduos, homens, atletas de futsal amadores (Idade: 21,5 ± 1,6; Peso: 72,4 ± 6,88; Altura: 1,72 ± 0,05; IMC: 24,3 ± 1,2; Gordura%: 13,7 ± 3,3, VO2peak: 49,1 ± 10,5) participou no estudo. Os indivíduos foram selecionados aleatoriamente para realizar sessões com sprints (10 conjuntos 20 m) com diferentes tempos de pausa de 15 (S15), 30 (S30) e 60 (S60) segundos. Para análise do desempenho, a velocidade (km/h) aplicada a cada sprint foi utilizada e monitorizada por um dispositivo com uma fotocélula (CEFISE Biotecnologia Esportiva®). Resultados: Houve uma interação entre velocidade e tempo de intervalo (p = 0,000). Para a condição S15, observou-se uma maior redução no desempenho (p ≤ 0,05), enquanto para S30 e S60, não se observou qualquer redução significativa no desempenho (p > 0,05). Os dados para a área sob a curva mostraram uma diferença significativa (p = 0,000), onde o intervalo de 60 s (S60) foi mais longo em comparação com os valores de 30 (S30) (p = 0,000) e 15 s (S15) (p = 0,000). No entanto, não houve diferenças significativas entre os dados de 30 e 15 s (p = 0,248). Conclusão: Um intervalo de tempo mais curto (15 s) entre sprints repetidos pode afetar significativamente o desempenho em comparação com os intervalos mais longos (30 e 60 s), mas todas as condições aqui testadas podem ser positivas para a melhoria do desempenho, principalmente nos desportos que exigem ações motoras rápidas e eficientes, tais como o futsal.

Relationship between body composition, multiple repeated sprint ability and vertical jump performance in elite badminton players / Relación entre la composición corporal, la capacidad de realizar múltiples sprints repetidos y el rendimiento del salto vertical en jugadores de bádminton de élite

SUMMARY: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between the body composition, multiple repeated sprint ability (MRSAB) test, and vertical jump performance. Fifteen voluntary elite Turkish badminton players participated in the study. The MRSAB test consisted of 2 repetitions of 4 movements (4x3m) separated by 30 seconds of passive recovery. The best time (BT), meantime (MT), total time (TT), and fatigue index (FI) were measured. Body composition was evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Squat jump (SJ) test for explosive power and countermovement jump (CMJ) test for elastic power were used. The main findings were that there was a significant correlation between MRSAB MT and TT with lean body mass, lean arm mass, and trunk lean mass (kg) of male badminton players. However, no significant correlation was observed among MRSAB MT, BT, and TT with another total/regional body composition of female badminton players (p>0.05). Moreover, the results of male badminton players showed that there was a significant negative correlation between FI and percentage ofbody fat (%BF), percentage of leg fat (%LF), percentage of trunk fat (%TF), and trunk mass. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between FI with %BF, body fat mass kg, percentage of arm fat (%AF), arm fat mass, and %LF of female badminton players. It was also found in the study that there was a significant correlation between SJ and %LF; CMJ and %BF, body fat mass kg, %AF, %LF and leg fat mass kg. However, no significant correlation was observed among CMJ and SJ with other total/regional body compositions of male badminton players (p>0,05). Finally, changes in body composition are important issues for the physical performance level of badminton players as regional excess body fat may cause deterioration, especially in repeated-sprint ability and jumping performance.

RESUMEN: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la correlación entre la composición corporal, la prueba de capacidad de sprint repetido (MRSAB) y el rendimiento del salto vertical. Quince jugadores voluntarios de bádminton turcos de élite participaron en el estudio. El test MRSAB consistió en 2 repeticiones de 4 movimientos (4x3m) separados por 30 segundos de recuperación pasiva. Se midieron el mejor tiempo (BT), el tiempo medio (MT), el tiempo total (TT) y el índice de fatiga (FI). La composición corporal se evaluó mediante absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DEXA). Se utilizó la prueba de salto desde la sentadilla (SJ) para la potencia explosiva y la prueba de salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) para la potencia elástica. Los principales hallazgos fueron una correlación significativa entre MRSAB MT y TT con la masa corporal magra, la masa magra del brazo y la masa magra del tronco (kg) de los jugadores de bádminton hombres. Sin embargo, no se observó una correlación significativa entre MRSAB MT, BT y TT con otra composición corporal total/regional de jugadoras de bádminton (p>0,05). Además, los resultados de los jugadores hombres de bádminton mostraron que había una correlación negativa significativa entre FI y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (% BF), porcentaje de grasa en las piernas (% LF), porcentaje de grasa en el tronco (% TF) y masa del tronco. Además, hubo una correlación negativa significativa entre FI con %GC, masa de grasa corporal en kg, porcentaje de grasa en el brazo (%AF), masa de grasa en el brazo y %LF de las jugadoras de bádminton. También se descubrió en el estudio que había una correlación significativa entre SJ y %LF; CMJ y %BF, masa grasa corporal kg, %AF, %LF y masa grasa de piernas kg. Sin embargo, no se observó una correlación significativa entre CMJ y SJ con otras composiciones corporales totales/regionales de los hombres jugadores de bádminton (p>0,05). Finalmente, los cambios en la composición corporal son cuestiones importantes para el nivel de rendimiento físico de los jugadores de bádminton, debido a que el exceso de grasa corporal regional, puede causar un deterioro, especialmente en la capacidad de repetir sprints y en el rendimiento de los saltos.

Caffeine Ingestion Affects Performance in Different Parts of a Novel Multidirectional High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Futsal Athletes.

Objective: No study has analyzed the effects of caffeine ingestion on performance during a multidirectional high-intensity intermittent exercise. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion during a novel repeated agility test in futsal athletes.Methods: Using a double-blind, counterbalanced, and repeated-measures design, ten athletes (mass 71.2 ± 8.7 kg, height 1.77 ± 0.05 m, body mass index 22.7 ± 1.9 km/m2, body fat percentage 10.2 ± 3.7%) performed a novel repeated-bout agility test 60 min after ingesting 6 mg · kg-1 of caffeine or cellulose (placebo).Results: Performance time decreased progressively throughout the trial in both conditions (P = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.66), with a significant interaction effect (P = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.35) showing a potential beneficial effect of caffeine at the beginning, followed by a decrease at the end of the test. Furthermore, magnitude of decrease in performance was more pronounced in caffeine (-9.0 ± 5.7%) compared with placebo (-4.7 ± 3.9%, P = 0.01; d = 0.88). Interestingly, magnitude-based inferences revealed a possible benefit (70%) of caffeine at the beginning, followed by likely (93%) to very likely (96%) impairments in performance during the last third of the test. Heart rate and rating of perceived effort increased in both conditions over the time (P < 0.05), with similar values between experimental conditions (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Caffeine seems to have a potential beneficial effect at the beginning, with an impaired performance during the final third of a new multidirectional high-intensity intermittent exercise in futsal athletes.

Effects of repeated sprint training in hypoxia on physical performance among athletes: a systematic review / Efectos del entrenamiento de velocidad repetida en hipoxia sobre el rendimiento físico entre atletas: una revisión sistemática

SUMMARY: Repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) represents an innovative method in the process of development and improvement of physical performance among athletes. However, there is less scientific data on this topic. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of RSH method on motor abilities and performance among athletes, obtain new information, and expand the already known conclusions. The data search was performed of 4 electronic databases for the years 2000-2021 May as follows: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. This search with English language restriction was made by using the following terms, individually/combination: "repeated sprint ability", "hypoxia", "effects", "physical performance", "VO2max" 844 studies were indentified, and 14 studies were selected (11 male studies, 1 female study, 2 both sexes). Results of this systematic review, a total sample size of 347 athletes (40 females and 307 males, aged 15.3 ± 0.5 - 35 ± 7 years), showed that RSH was an effective training method in improving all monitored variables (i.e. RSAmax, VO2max). However, it should be noted that major improvements were observed mainly in repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, and less in aerobic tests (i.e. Wingate and Yo-Yo). In conclusion, based on current scientific studies, RSH is more effective method to improve the physical performance among athletes compared to repeated sprint training in normoxia (RSN). This study suggested that the RSH has a positive effect on the monitored variables in physical performance tests especially related to RSA.

RESUMEN: El entrenamiento de velocidad repetida en hipoxia (RSH) representa un método innovador en el proceso de desarrollo y mejora del rendimiento físico entre los deportistas. Sin embargo, existen pocos datos científicos sobre este tema. El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue investigar el efecto del método RSH sobre las habilidades motoras y el rendimiento de los atletas, obtener nueva información y ampliar las conclusiones ya conocidas. La búsqueda de datos se realizó en 4 bases de datos electrónicas: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science e Research Gate para los años 2000- a mayo de 2021. Esta búsqueda se realizó en artículos en idioma inglés mediante el uso de los siguientes términos, individualmente / combinación: "capacidad de sprint repetido", "hipoxia", "efectos", "rendimiento físico" y "VO2max" Se identificaron 844 estudios y se seleccionaron 14 de ellos (11 estudios realizados en hombres, un estudio realizado en mujeres y dos estudios realizados en am- bos sexos). Los resultados mostraron, un tamaño muestral total de 347 atletas (40 mujeres y 307 hombres, de 15,3 ± 0,5 - 35 ± 7 años). Se observó que la RSH fue un método de entrenamiento eficaz para mejorar todas las variables monitorizadas (es decir, RSAmax y VO2max). Sin embargo, se debe tener en consideración que se observaron mejoras importantes, principalmente, en las pruebas de capacidad de sprint repetido (RSA), y menos en las pruebas aeróbicas (es decir, Wingate y Yo-Yo). En conclusión, según los estudios científicos actuales, la RSH es un método más eficaz para mejorar el rendimiento físico entre los atletas en comparación con el entrenamiento de velocidad repetida en normoxia (RSN). Este estudio sugirió que la RSH tiene un efecto positivo sobre las variables monitoreadas en las pruebas de rendimiento físico especialmente relacionadas con RSA.

Inspiratory muscle training improves performance of a repeated sprints ability test in professional soccer players.

BACKGROUND: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is an important method of attenuating both respiratory and peripheral effort perceptions, consequently improving neuromuscular performance and resulting in greater improvements in exercise capacity than exercise training alone. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IMT on exercise tolerance, repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) in a cohort of professional male soccer players. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy male professional soccer players (18.3 ±â€¯1.4 years; 174.5 ±â€¯6.1 cm; 70.5 kg ±â€¯4.6 kg; body fat 10.1 ±â€¯4.2%) from a club in the Brazilian first division soccer league participated in this study. IMT consisted of 15 and 30 self-paced inspiratory breaths (each to 50% maximal static inspiratory pressure [P0]) in the 1-and 2-week intervention period, respectively. IMT was performed prior to soccer training (1 sets.d-1; 6 d.wk-1) with repeated sprint ability (RSA) assessed pre- and post- the 2-week period of IMT. RESULTS: Statistical analyses identified a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in sprint time post-IMT. Additionally, RSAbest, RSAmean, total sprint time and percentage of RSA performance decrement (RSA % dec) also showed significant decreases (p < 0.0001) post-IMT. Additional measures including MIP and PIF were also significantly elevated (p < 0.0002) following the 2-week period of IMT. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results raise two important issues. Firstly, IMT demonstrated enhanced inspiratory muscle strength in professional soccer players. Secondly, this increase in inspiratory muscle efficiency led to a decrease in sprint time and improved exercise tolerance. We recommend that a standard training protocol be developed and tested in an experimental and control group with a large representative sample.

Efeito do treinamento na capacidade de sprints repetidos em atletas de basquete: estatística individual ou da equipe? / Effect of training on the repeated sprints ability in basketball athletes: individual or team statistics?

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito crônico do treinamento de força e técnico-tático na capacidade de sprints repetidos (CSR) em atletas de basquete e posteriormente, comparar as estatísticas individuais com as da equipe. A amostra investigada foi constituída de 8 atletas de basquete adultas de nível estadual (21,5 ± 2,0 anos; 170 ± 4,2 cm; 68,0 ± 8,3 kg). O estudo foi conduzido no início e final de uma pré-temporada de 4 semanas (28 sessões de treinamento). Foi avaliada a CSR pelo RAST teste calculando-se o melhor tempo de sprint (CSRmelhor) e tempo médio dos sprints (CSRmédia). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre pré e pós treinamento na CSRmelhor (p = 0.146; d = -0.78, 90% CI [0.90]) e CSRmédia (p = 0.220; d = -0.58, 90% CI [0.81]). 2 atletas apresentaram piora em CSRmelhor, 2 melhoria moderada, 1 grande e 3 sujeitos muito grande. Na CSRmédia 2 apresentaram piora, 1 melhoria moderada, 4 melhoria grande e 1 melhoria muito grande. Conclui-se que a média da equipe feminina de basquete analisada não apresentou melhoria significativa na CSR, porém, quando as atletas foram analisadas individualmente, 75% das mesmas foram responsivas a intervenção proposta.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was verify the chronic training effect on the repeated sprints ability (RSA) in basketball athlete and later, compare the individual's statistics with those of the team. The sample investigated was constituted of 8 state-level adult basketball athletes (21,5 ± 2,0 years; 1,70 ± 0,42 m; 68,0 ± 8,3 kg). The research was conducted in begin and end of 4 weeks of preseason (28 training sessions). Was assessed RSA by RAST test calculation best performance of sprint (RSAbest) and the mean performance of the sprints (RSAmean). No difference were found between before and after training in RSAbest (p= 0.146; d= -0.78, 90% CI [0.90]) and RSAmean (p= 0.220; d= -0.58, 90%IC [0.81]). 2 athletes showed to got worse in RSAbest, 2 moderate improvement, 1 large and 3 subjects very large improvement. On the RSAmean 2 showed to got worse, 1 moderate improvement, 4 large improvement and 1 very large improvement. It is concluded that average female basketball team analyzed no significant showed to improvement in RSA, however, when the athletes were analyzed individually, 75% them were responsive to the proposed intervention.

Six weeks of ß-alanine supplementation did not enhance repeated-sprint ability or technical performances in young elite basketball players.

Supplementation with ß-alanine plays an important role as a precursor of carnosine, the most effective intramuscular buffer, and has been seen as a potential ergogenic aid, especially for high-intensity modalities such as basketball. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of ß-alanine supplementation on repeated sprint ability (RSA) and technical performances in young elite Brazilian basketball players. In total, 27 young basketball players (17±1 years) were randomized into a ß-alanine group (Gß - 6.4 g day-1 of ß-alanine) and a placebo group (GP - 6.4 g day-1 of dextrose). Before and after the supplementation period the athletes performed a RSA test composed of ten 30 m sprints with two 180° changes of direction interspaced by 30 s of recovery. During the recovery period (i.e., after the sprints) the athletes performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a set of three free throws. After 48 h they performed a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Both groups increased the distance covered in the Yo-Yo IR1 after the supplementation period ( p = 0.001). On the other hand, both groups presented impairment in RSA time-performance (total time, best time, and mean time, p ≤ 0.04), while no significant changes were observed for technical task performances (i.e., CMJ and free throws) ( p ≥ 0.07). No between-group interactions were observed for any variable measured ( p ≥ 0.31). Thus, 6 weeks of ß-alanine supplementation did not improve RSA or technical performances in young elite basketball players.

Heart rate recovery after aerobic and anaerobic tests: is there an influence of anaerobic speed reserve?

The present study assessed if differences in the metabolic profile, inferred from the anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), would influence the dynamics of heart rate recovery (HRR) after two modes of exercise. Thirty-nine physical education students (14 females and 25 males) volunteered for this study. Participants carried out three separate testing sessions to assess maximal sprinting speed (MSS, 1st session), repeated sprint ability (RSA, 2nd session) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) using the Université of Montreal Track Test (UMTT, 3rd session). ASR was defined as the difference between MSS and MAS. Heart rate was continuously registered throughout the tests and during the 5-min post-test recovery. To evaluate the influence of ASR on post-exercise, HRR comparisons between ASR-based groups [high ASR vs. low ASR] and sex groups (males vs. females) were performed. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between high ASR and low ASR groups of the same sex for indices of relative HRR after the RSA and UMTT. In addition, after the RSA test, males from the high ASR group had a significantly slower HRR kinetics compared with the males of the low ASR (P < 0.05) and the females of high ASR (P < 0.05); whereas females of the high ASR groups had a faster HRR kinetics compared with the females of low ASR group (P < 0.05). Our results showed that in males, post-exercise HRR could be related to the ASR, whereas in females, the influence of ASR is less clear.

Efectos sobre el estado de ánimo en jóvenes tenistas de diferentes volúmenes de entrenamiento de alta intensidad / Effect of different training volumes of repeated sprint ability on mood states in young tennis players

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia del incremento de la carga de entrenamiento por medio del método Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) sobre el estado de ánimo de jóvenes tenistas. Participaron 30 tenistas (15.78± 1.58 años) en este programa de entrenamiento (7 semanas). Los sujetos fueron divididos en tres grupos: G1, volumen de entrenamiento de tenis más un incremento del 8.3% por medio de RSA; G2, ídem más un incremento de 16.6% de RSA; y G3, entrenamiento de tenis. El entrenamiento específico de tenis fue controlado e igualado, además se cumplimentó un cuestionario semanal para establecer el perfil de estado de ánimo (Balaguer, Fuentes, Meliá, García-Mérita & Pons, 1995). Los resultados mostraron variaciones en G1 y G2. Mientras en G1 las puntuaciones de los factores tensión y fatiga se incrementaron al final del programa (p < .05), en G2 aumentaron las puntuaciones de tensión, depresión, hostilidad y fatiga al comienzo del programa, y se redujeron significativamente al final (p < .05). En G3 no hubo modificaciones. La diferente evolución del estado de ánimo de los sujetos en función del volumen de entrenamiento de RSA realizado, muestra la necesidad de monitorizar la carga interna para ajustar este entrenamiento.

The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the repeated sprint ability (RSA) training load increase on the mood states in young tennis players. Thirty tennis players (15.78 ±1.58 years) took part in this training program (7 weeks). The subjects were divided into 3 groups: G1, specific tennis training and an increase of 8.3% of RSA training volume; G2 specific tennis training and an increase of 16.6% of RSA training volume; G3, only specific tennis training. The specific tennis training volume was controlled and equated for this period, and all the subjects also filled out a weekly questionnaire to establish the profile of mood states (POMS, Balaguer, Fuentes, Meliá, García-Mérita & Pons, 1995). The results showed changes in G1 and G2. Whereas tension and fatigue scores increased at the end of the training program in G1 (p < .05), scores of tension, depression, hostility and fatigue were higher at the beginning than at the end of the training program in G2 (p < .05). There were no significant changes in G3 for any variable. The different evolution of subjects' mood states based on RSA training volume performed shows the need for monitoring internal load to fit this training.

Effects of four weeks of repeated sprint training on physiological indices in futsal players / Efeito de quatro semanas de treinamento de sprints repetidos sobre índices fisiológicos em atletas de futsal

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short repeated-sprint ability (RSA) training on the neuromuscular and physiological indices in U17 futsal players during the competitive period. Fourteen players were divided into two groups: intervention group (n = 8) and control group (n = 6). Both groups performed a repeated maximal sprint test (40-m MST), intermittent shuttle-running test (Carminatti's test) and vertical jumps before and after the training period. The intervention group was submitted to an additional four-week repeated sprints program, twice a week, while the control group maintained their normal training routine. There was no significant interaction between time and groups for all variables analysed (p > 0.05). However, a significant main effect was observed for time (p < 0.01) indicating an increase on speed at heart rate deflection point (VHRDP) and the continuous jump performance while the peak lactate (40m-LACpeak) and sprint decrement decreased after training, in both groups. Still, based on effect sizes (ES) the greater changes with practical relevance were verified for intervention group in important variables such as peak velocity (ES = 0,71), VHRDP (ES = 0,83) and 40m-LACpeak (ES = 1,00). This study showed that RSA-based and normal training routine are equally effective in producing changes in the analysed variables during a short period of intervention. However, the effect size suggests that four weeks of RSA training would be a minimum time that could induce the first changes of futsal player's physical fitness.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do treinamento de sprints repetidos (RSA) nos índices fisiológicos e neuromusculares em atletas de futsal sub17 durante a temporada competitiva. Quatorze jogadores foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo intervenção (n = 8) e controle (n = 6). Ambos os grupos desempenharam testes de sprints máximos repetidos (40-m MST), teste de corrida intermitente (teste de Carminatti) e saltos verticais antes e depois do período de treinamento. O grupo intervenção foi submetido a um programa adicional de quatro semanas de RSA, duas vezes por semana, enquanto o grupo controle manteve a rotina normal de treinos. Não houve interação significante entre tempo e grupo para todas as variáveis analisadas (p > 0.05). Entretanto, um efeito principal significante foi observado para o tempo (p < 0.01), indicando um aumento na velocidade do ponto de deflexão da frequência cárdica (VHRDP) e na performance do salto contínuo, bem como, diminuição no pico de lactato (40m-LACpeak) e no decréscimo dos sprints após o treinamento em ambos os grupos. Ainda, baseado no effect size (ES), maiores mudanças com relevância prática foram verificadas para o grupo intervenção em importantes variáveis tais como: pico de velocidade (ES = 0,71) VHRDP (ES = 0,83) e 40m-LACpeak (ES = 1,00). Este estudo demonstrou que o treinamento de RSA e a rotina normal de treinos são igualmente efetivos em produzir mudanças nas variáveis analisadas durante um curto período de intervenção. Porém, o effect size sugere que quatro semanas de treinamento de RSA pode ser um tempo mínimo para que ocorram as primeiras alterações no desempenho físico de atletas de futsal.

Imersão em água fria não acelerou a recuperação após uma partida de futsal / Cold water immersion did not accelerate recovery after a futsal match / La inmersión en agua fría no aceleró la recuperación después de un partido de futsal

INTRODUÇÃO: a imersão em água fria (IAF) é uma estratégia popular de recuperação, no entanto, há poucas evidências sobre a eficácia desse método no contexto do esporte. OBJETIVO: investigar o efeito da IAF sobre a dor muscular e o desempenho anaeróbio após uma partida de Futsal. MÉTODOS: dez jogadores participaram de duas partidas simuladas, seguidas por duas condições de recuperação randomizadas (IAF ou repouso passivo), separadas por sete dias. Durante as intervenções de recuperação, os jogadores permaneceram sentados em uma posição confortável (C) ou foram imersos em uma piscina com água fria (condição IAF; 15±1ºC) por 12 minutos. A avaliação da dor muscular, o teste de salto movimento contra (SCM), o teste de saltos repetidos (TSR) e o teste de sprints repetidos (TSPR) foram realizados antes da partida (PRÉ), imediatamente após a intervenção de recuperação (P1) e 24h depois da intervenção de recuperação (P2). RESULTADOS: foi observado aumento na sensação de dor muscular após a partida de Futsal para ambas as intervenções (IAF e C) (P1 e P2, p <0,05); no entanto, não houve diferença entre as intervenções (IAF e C; p> 0,05). Houve diminuição no desempenho anaeróbio (SCM, TSR e TSPR) imediatamente após a intervenção IAF quando comparado ao C (P1, p <0,05). Não houve diferença no desempenho anaeróbio entre as duas condições no P2 (IAF e C; p> 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: a IAF não melhorou a recuperação relacionada à dor muscular e o desempenho anaeróbio de jogadores de Futsal. .

INTRODUCTION: cold-water immersion (CWI) is a popular recovery strategy; however, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of this method in sport settings. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effect of CWI on muscle soreness and anaerobic performance after a Futsal match. METHODS: ten players performed two simulated matches followed by two randomized recovery conditions (CWI or passive rest - C), separated for seven days. During the recovery interventions, the players remained seated in a comfortable position (C) or were immersed in a pool with cold water (CWI condition; 15±1ºC) for 12 minutes. Muscle soreness assessment, counter movement jump (CMJ) test, repeated jump ability (RJA) test, and repeated sprint running test (rRST) were conducted prior to the match (Pre), immediately after the recovery intervention (P1) and 24h after the recovery intervention (P2). RESULTS: a significant increase in muscle soreness after the Futsal match was observed for both interventions (C and CWI) during all time points (P1 and P2, p<0.05); however, no significant difference was detected between CWI and C interventions (p>0.05). There was a significant decrease in anaerobic performance (CMJ, RJA and rRST) immediately after the CWI intervention when compared to C (P1, p<0.05). No significant difference in anaerobic performance was detected between the two conditions at P2 (CWI and C; p>0.05). CONCLUSION: the CWI did not improve recovery related to muscle soreness and anaerobic performance of Futsal players. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: la inmersión en agua fría (IAF) es una estrategia de recuperación popular, sin embargo, la evidencia de la efectividad de este método en el ámbito deportivo es limitada. OBJETIVO: investigar el efecto de la IAF en el dolor muscular y en el rendimiento anaeróbico después de un partido de Futsal. MÉTODOS: diez jugadores realizaron dos partidos simulados seguido de dos condiciones aleatorias de recuperación (IAF o descanso pasivo - C) separado por siete días. Durante las intervenciones de recuperación, los jugadores se sentaron en una posición cómoda (C) o se sumergieron en una piscina con agua fría (condición de la IAF; 15±1°C) durante 12 minutos. La evaluación del dolor muscular, la prueba de salto contra movimiento (SCM), prueba de saltos repetidos (PSR) y la prueba de sprints repetidos (PSPR) se realizaron antes del partido (PRE), inmediatamente después de la intervención de recuperación (P1) y 24 horas después de la intervención de recuperación (P2). RESULTADOS: la sensación de dolor muscular aumentó después de partido de Futsal para ambas intervenciones (IAF y C) (P1 y P2; p <0,05); sin embargo, sin diferencia entre las intervenciones (IAF y C; p> 0,05). El rendimiento anaeróbico disminuyó (SCM, PSR y PSPR) inmediatamente después de la intervención de IAF en comparación con C (P1, p <0,05). No hubo diferencias en el rendimiento aneróbico entre las dos condiciones en P2 (IAF y C; p> 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: el IAF no ha mejorado la recuperación relacionada con el dolor muscular y rendimiento anaeróbico de los jugadores de Futsal. .

Análise da validade dos parâmetros absolutos e relativos para o cálculo da potência anaeróbia no RAST / Analysis of the absolute and relative parameters validity for anaerobic power output in RAST

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a validade dos parâmetros de potência absolutos e relativos do Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) com base no teste de Wingate (WAnT). Doze voluntários do sexo masculino com idade de 25,50 anos (± 2,32) realizaram os testes RAST e WAnT. Foram observados valores significativos (p < 0,01) de correlação para a potência máxima absoluta (r = 0,76) e para a potência média absoluta (r = 0,74) dos testes, entretanto, os valores relativos apresentaram correlações não significativas (r = 0,54 e 0,27 respectivamente). Todos os parâmetros analisados apresentaram diferenças significativas (p < 0,01) na comparação entre WAnT e RAST. Desta forma, os resultados sugerem que apenas os parâmetros de potência absoluta do RAST são válidos. Assim ao aplicar o RAST para avaliação e/ou prescrição de treinamento, ou em pesquisas científicas, devem ser usados preferencialmente os parâmetros absolutos do teste.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the absolute and relative parameters validity for Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) based on Wingate test (WAnT). Twelve male volunteers aged 25.50 ± 2.32 years old performed both RAST and WAnT. Significant (p < 0.01) correlation values for the absolute maximum power (r = 0.76) and mean absolute power (0.74) was found but the relative mean values did not showed significant correlations for both maximum (r = 0.54) and average power output (r = 0.27). Significant differences (p < 0.01) between WAnT and RAST were found for all assessed parameters. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that the RAST should be used with caution for prescription training and evaluation, and acquisition of scientific data. The results also suggest that only the absolute parameters of the test are good predictors of anaerobic power.

Relação entre aptidão aeróbia e capacidade de sprints repetidos no futebol: efeito do protocolo / Relationship between aerobic fitness and repeated sprint ability in soccer: protocol effect

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a associação entre variáveis fisiológicas relacionadas à aptidão aeróbia determinadas de forma contínua em corrida na esteira (pico de velocidade da esteira: PVEST, consumo máximo de oxigênio: VO2max, velocidade correspondente ao VO2max: vVO2max e velocidade referente ao limiar anaeróbio: vLAn) e intermitente com mudança de sentido (pico de velocidade: PV) com a capacidade de sprints repetidos (CSR) em jogadores de futebol. Vinte e nove atletas (17,9 ± 1,0 anos; 178,7 ± 5,2 cm; 73,6 ± 6,7 kg; 11,1 ± 1,3 % gordura) realizaram, em dias diferentes, os seguintes testes: 1) protocolo incremental na esteira rolante para determinar o PVEST, o VO2max, a vVO2max e a vLAn; 2) teste incremental de corrida intermitente (TCar) para determinar o PV e 3) teste de Bangsbo para avaliar a CSR e determinar o tempo médio (TM), melhor tempo (MT) e índice de fadiga (IF). Foi realizada a correlação linear de Pearson, adotando- -se o valor de p<0,05 para significância. O PV obtido no TCar apresentou maior correlação com o TM e o MT (r = -0,70, p<0,01; r= -0,51, p<0,01, respectivamente) do teste de CSR, que a vVO2max (r = -0,43, p<0,05; r= -0,14 p>0,05) e o PVEST (r= -0,42, p<0,05; r=-0,14, p>0,05) determinados no modelo de corrida em linha reta na esteira. Pode se concluir que a relação entre aptidão aeróbia e CSR é dependente do tipo de protocolo utilizado (contínuo em linha reta vs intermitente com mudança de sentido) e da variável aeróbia utilizada (capacidade vs potência).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physiological variables related to physical fitness determined by continuous straight running on a treadmill (peak velocity on treadmill: PVTRE, maximum oxygen uptake: VO2max, minimum velocity needed to reach VO2max: vVO2max, and velocity at the anaerobic threshold: vAT) and intermittent running with directional changes (peak velocity: PV) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in soccer players. Twenty-nine athletes (17.9 ± 1.0 years, 178.7 ± 5.2 cm, 73.6 ± 6.7 kg, and 11.1 ± 1.3% body fat) performed the following tests on different days: 1) incremental protocol on a treadmill to determine PVTRE, VO2max, vVO2max, and vAT; 2) incremental intermittent running test to determine PV, and 3) Bangsbo test to evaluate RSA and to determine the mean time (MT), fastest time (FT), and fatigue index (FI). Pearson?s correlation coefficient was used and a level of significance of 5% was adopted. PV obtained in the intermittent running test showed a higher correlation with MT and FT of the RSA test (r = -0.70, p < 0.01; r = -0.51, p < 0.01, respectively) than vVO2max (r = -0.43, p < 0.05; r = -0.14 p > 0.05) and PVTRE (r = -0.42, p < 0.05; r = 0.14, p > 0.05) determined by straight running on a treadmill. In conclusion, the relationship between physical fitness and RSA depends on the type of protocol (continuous line running vs. intermittent with directional changes) and the aerobic index used (capacity vs. power).