[Comprehensive analysis of population mortality by cause: regional features].

Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the main most common causes of death both in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Tatarstan. Thus, in the traditional structure of mortality in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2022, a "classical triad" is defined: diseases of the circulatory system are in first place (46% of all deaths), neoplasms are in second place (15%), and external causes are in third place. (7.3%). As throughout the world, during the coronavirus infection there was an increase in population mortality from all causes, mainly from diseases of the circulatory system (hereinafter referred to as CVD), as well as directly from coronavirus infection, which is the cause of almost every fifth death in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2021. The peak of coronavirus infection reduced the average age of death from cardiovascular causes by 4.5 years in men and by 4 years in women. It was revealed that in the Republic of Tatarstan the probability of death from diseases of the circulatory system and endocrine system in women is higher than in men; In men, on the contrary, there is a higher probability of death from respiratory diseases, cancer and external causes.

[Molecular and biological properties of the African swine fever virus (Asfarviridae: Asfivirus) isolate ASF/Tatarstan 20/WB-12276].

INTRODUCTION: Up-to-date data and full characterization of circulating ASFV isolates play a crucial role in virus eradication and control in endemic regions and countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate and characterize the molecular and biological properties of the ASFV isolate ASF/Tatarstan 20/WB-12276, conduct phylogenetic analysis, and compare the results with isolates circulating in Europe and Asia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For bioassay, eight heads of the Large White pigs weighing 15-20 kg/head were used. Detection of specific anti-ASFV antibodies by ELISA and immunoperoxidase method. Detection of ASFV genome was performed by qPCR. Isolation of ASF/Tatarstan 20/WB-12276 and determination of titer were performed in pig spleen cell culture. Sequencing was carried out by the Sanger method. RESULTS: The virus was characterized as highly virulent and capable of causing acute to subacute forms of ASF. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substitutions in the genome of the ASF/Tatarstan 20/WB-12276 isolate (IGR/I73R-I329L and I267L markers) that supported the clustering of the studied variant with isolates prevalent in most of Europe and Asia. CONCLUSION: For the first time, the molecular and biological properties of the ASF/Tatarstan 20/WB-12276 virus isolate taken from a wild boar shot on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan were studied and analyzed.

[The dynamics of alterations and prognostic models of levels of morbidity of urban and rural population of the subject of the Russian Federation].

The article presents data of analytical study of morbidity indices of urban and rural population of the Republic of Tatarstan. The dynamics of population morbidity rate in the Republic of Tatarstan is characterized by steady trend of decreasing of indicator and is described by polynomial trend in both absolute and relative indices. The highest rates of increase in population morbidity were mainly observed until 2010. The maximal periods of decreasing or slowdown of rate increasing were characteristic in 2011-2019. In the structure of population morbidity, the highest percentage fell on diseases of respiratory and circulatory systems, injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of external causes impact that was typical both for the Republic of Tatarstan in whole and its rural territories. In general, morbidity rate of urban population was higher than that of rural population. This difference was statistically significant, but growth rate of number of cases in rural territories outstripped growth rate of number of cases in urban territories and was higher than in the Republic of Tatarstan in whole, but was not statistically significant. The medium-term prognosis of dynamics of population morbidity rate in the Republic of Tatarstan in whole demonstrated that, all other things being equal and taking into account current trends, decrease in number of registered patients with diagnosis established for the first time in life can be expected to 2874.2 thousand of population by 2024 (that is less as compared with 2019 level by 242.4 thousand of population, or by 7.8%) and number of registered patients with diagnosis established for the first time in life to 70217.8 per 100 thousand of population (which is less as compared with 2019 level by 9680.8 per 100 thousand of population, or by 12.1%).

The Distribution of Puumala orthohantavirus Genome Variants Correlates with the Regional Landscapes in the Trans-Kama Area of the Republic of Tatarstan.

In the European part of Russia, the highest number of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) cases are registered in the Volga Federal District (VFD), which includes the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is the main causative agent of HFRS identified in the RT. The goal of the current study is to analyze the genetic variations of the PUUV strains and possible presence of chimeric and reassortant variants among the PUUV strains circulating in bank vole populations in the Trans-Kama area of the RT. Complete S segment CDS as well as partial M and L segment coding nucleotide sequences were obtained from 40 PUUV-positive bank voles and used for the analysis. We found that all PUUV strains belonged to RUS genetic lineage and clustered in two subclades corresponding to the Western and Eastern Trans-Kama geographic areas. PUUV strains from Western Trans-Kama were related to the previously identified strain from Teteevo in the Pre-Kama area. It can be suggested that the PUUV strains were introduced to the Teteevo area as a result of the bank voles' migration from Western Trans-Kama. It also appears that physical obstacles, including rivers, could be overcome by migrating rodents under favorable circumstances. Based on results of the comparative and phylogenetic analyses, we propose that bank vole distribution in the Trans-Kama area occurred upstream along the river valleys, and that watersheds could act as barriers for migrations. As a result, the diverged PUUV strains could be formed in closely located populations. In times of extensive bank vole population growth, happening every 3-4 years, some regions of watersheds may become open for contact between individual rodents from neighboring populations, leading to an exchange of the genetic material between divergent PUUV strains.

[The Indices of Morbidity of Main Socially Significant Noninfectious Diseases of Population of the Republic of Tatarstan].

Socially significant diseases cause enormous damage to entire modern society and require higher expenses for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. The most studied socially significant diseases include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, mental disorders, alcoholism, and oncologic diseases. The study purpose is to assess incidence of major socially significant diseases, including malignant nephropathy, mental disorders and alcoholism in the Republic of Tatarstan during 1997-2017. The discussion. According to the analysis results, there was gradual increasing of incidence of malignant necrosis in the Republic of Tatarstan during the analyzed period i.e. from 240.5 cases to 412.9 cases per 100 thousand of population. The incidence of mental disorders in males was significantly higher than in females. The maximal discrepancy of indices, amounting up to 252.6 cases per 100 thousand of population, was different in 1998. The gap gradually decreased and by 2017 made up to to 62.6 cases per 100 thousand of population. The dynamics of the incidence of alcoholism characterized by increasing up to to 2001. Since 2004, gradual decreasing of indicator was in 2011-2017. The incidence of alcoholism ranged from 123.5 to 129.6 cases per 100 thousand of population. Conclusion. The decreasing in the incidence of mental disorders and alcoholism was established during study period, as well as gradual increasing of incidence of cancer in the Republic of Tatarstan.

Characterization of the Puumala orthohantavirus Strains in the Northwestern Region of the Republic of Tatarstan in Relation to the Clinical Manifestations in Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome Patients.

Over 1,000 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were recorded in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in 2015. HFRS is a zoonotic disease caused by several different Old World hantaviruses. In RT, Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is a prevalent etiological agent of HFRS. We looked for the genetic link between the PUUV strains isolated from the bank voles and from the infected humans. In addition, possible correlation between the genetic makeup of the PUUV strain involved and different clinical picture of HFRS was investigated. Partial PUUV small (S) genome segment sequences were retrieved from 37 small animals captured in the northwestern region of RT in 2015. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 34 PUUV sequences clustered with strains of the previously identified "Russia" (RUS) genetic lineage, while 3 remaining PUUV sequences clustered with the known lineage from Finland (FIN). Sequence comparisons showed that the majority of the S-segment sequences isolated in the current study displayed 98.2-100.0% sequence identity when compared with the strains isolated earlier from the HFRS patients hospitalized in Kazan city. HFRS patients infected with PUUV strains of either RUS or FIN genetic lineages were observed to have consistent differences in clinical presentation of the disease and laboratory findings. These findings indicated a strong genetic link between the infected bank voles and human HFRS cases from the same localities. Thus, S-segment sequences of the PUUV strains isolated from HFRS patients could serve as a molecular marker for determining the likely geographic area where infection occurred.