A synergistic study of policy and literature on rumor governance.

Rumor governance is an important guarantee for social stability and public safety. Based on the life cycle and crisis cycle model, this paper conducts a synergistic analysis of China's rumor governance policies and regulations and the core scientific research literature on rumor governance in WOS and CNKI. In this paper, we use the TF-IDF algorithm to count the word frequencies of 326 policy and regulation texts, the Jieba-RoBERTa-Kmeans model to cluster high-frequency keywords, and CiteSpace software and the LLR clustering algorithm are utilized to extract and cluster keywords from 391 documents in the WOS database and from 703 documents in the CNKI database. Based on the synergistic analysis of the life cycle model, it is found that the research on policies and regulations precedes the research on literature, and both are in the period of refinement.Based on the synergistic analysis using the co-occurrence comparison of subject terms in the crisis cycle model, it is found that there is a lack of research in the stages of prevention, monitoring, and governance, and this paper proposes the systematic governance mechanism and strategy for crisis resolution that conforms to the trend of life cycle evolution and is synergistic with policy and literature. This study has only selected Chinese policies and regulations, and the proposed governance strategies have not yet been verified in practice; future research can expand the scope and depth of the study and conduct empirical research and pilot projects.

Emerging technologies in citizen science and potential for insect monitoring.

Emerging technologies are increasingly employed in environmental citizen science projects. This integration offers benefits and opportunities for scientists and participants alike. Citizen science can support large-scale, long-term monitoring of species occurrences, behaviour and interactions. At the same time, technologies can foster participant engagement, regardless of pre-existing taxonomic expertise or experience, and permit new types of data to be collected. Yet, technologies may also create challenges by potentially increasing financial costs, necessitating technological expertise or demanding training of participants. Technology could also reduce people's direct involvement and engagement with nature. In this perspective, we discuss how current technologies have spurred an increase in citizen science projects and how the implementation of emerging technologies in citizen science may enhance scientific impact and public engagement. We show how technology can act as (i) a facilitator of current citizen science and monitoring efforts, (ii) an enabler of new research opportunities, and (iii) a transformer of science, policy and public participation, but could also become (iv) an inhibitor of participation, equity and scientific rigour. Technology is developing fast and promises to provide many exciting opportunities for citizen science and insect monitoring, but while we seize these opportunities, we must remain vigilant against potential risks. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.

[Transformation of scientific research results into teaching resources to improve the teaching effect: taking the teaching of the chromatographic method in the pharmaceutical analysis course as an example].

The pharmaceutical analysis course is a three-dimensional knowledge network that connects several courses to form a new comprehensive knowledge node involving a large knowledge system and flexible knowledge structure. In this course, the subject of chromatography covers a wide range of topics. However, because accurate content is challenging to present, the teaching effect of this subject is poor. In this work, we sought to achieve the educational purpose of establishing morality and cultivating talent, as well as the goal of training highly skilled professionals, by taking the teaching of chromatography in the pharmaceutical analysis course as an example of transforming scientific research results into teaching resources. The resources obtained are integrated into the teaching process to provide innovative and scientific research ideas to students with the aim of not only helping them understand and master technical knowledge but also exercise their ability to raise and solve problems. Furthermore, we expound on how to introduce scientific development frontiers and formulate scientific problems through curriculum design. We also describe how our strategy can promote the teaching effect and achieve teaching objectives. Based on the characteristics of rapid knowledge update and equal emphasis on theory and practice in pharmaceutical analysis, the course is designed by introducing new advances in scientific development, formulating scientific problems, and adopting question- and problem-based learning methods for teaching. The teaching effect is then evaluated through diversified assessment, student feedback, and self-evaluation. The results show that the transformation of scientific research results into teaching resources plays a significant role in stimulating students' interest in learning, improving students' ability to solve problems, and achieving curriculum objectives, all of which greatly improve the teaching effect.

What are the thoughts of postgraduate nursing students regarding the 'Applied Scientific Research' course? A qualitative study on achievements, benefits, challenges, and suggested solutions.

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to examine students' emotions, opinions, and suggestions regarding the "Applied Scientific Research" course. METHOD: The study was conducted in a province in eastern Turkey between June and July 2023. Data were collected from 9 postgraduate students attending the "Scientific Research" course at a university's Institute of Health Sciences using a 'Descriptive Information Form' and a 'Semi-Structured Questionnaire'. Content analysis was employed for the qualitative data evaluation. RESULTS: The participants' ages ranged from 25 to 32. Six participants were female, five were academicians, and five were doctoral students. Six participants had taken a statistics or research course before the scientific research course. Additionally, seven had attended scientific conferences, five followed a scientific publication regularly, five had conducted scientific research before, and five had not published scientific research before taking the course. Through the analysis of data obtained from participant interviews, three themes, namely "Effects of Activities in the Course," "Reasons for Recommendations and Preferences," and "Outcomes of the Course," were identified. Six sub-themes and 18 codes were generated, including "Most Challenging Activity," "Least Challenging Activity," "Recommendations for the Course," "Reasons for Choosing the Course," "Contributions of the Course," and "Feelings Towards the Course." CONCLUSION: The research results indicate that students improved their skills in conducting scientific research, writing articles, and getting published after taking the course. Furthermore, the course evoked positive feelings in students and increased their perceived competence.

Public involvement and public engagement: An example of convergent evolution? Findings from a conceptual qualitative review of patient and public involvement, and public engagement, in health and scientific research.

Objective: Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research is now well-established, whilst science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) research has shifted from a focus on science communication alone to public engagement (PE) within its research processes. Despite frequently drawing on similar theoretical influences, and practical motivations, there is often a lack of dialogue between such settings meaning shared learning, practice and evidence from these two sectors are rarely pooled. Methods: In this article, we examine findings from a conceptual review of literature gathered between 1996 and 2019. Results: Analyzing 142 peer-reviewed articles, we ascertain shared definitions and concepts in patient and public involvement and public engagement, identifying key differences and similarities. Conclusion: The literature we review supports the notion that, in terms of origins, there are two distinct traditions, one based in science communication and one based in what we describe as public involvement in shared decision-making. Innovation: We find evidence that the two traditions are converging but our work also calls for the need for further conversations between these two settings, which are exploring intersecting issues but from parallel pathways.

A case study on the relationship between risk assessment of scientific research projects and related factors under the Naive Bayesian algorithm.

This paper delves into the nuanced dynamics influencing the outcomes of risk assessment (RA) in scientific research projects (SRPs), employing the Naive Bayes algorithm. The methodology involves the selection of diverse SRPs cases, gathering data encompassing project scale, budget investment, team experience, and other pertinent factors. The paper advances the application of the Naive Bayes algorithm by introducing enhancements, specifically integrating the Tree-augmented Naive Bayes (TANB) model. This augmentation serves to estimate risk probabilities for different research projects, shedding light on the intricate interplay and contributions of various factors to the RA process. The findings underscore the efficacy of the TANB algorithm, demonstrating commendable accuracy (average accuracy 89.2%) in RA for SRPs. Notably, budget investment (regression coefficient: 0.68, P < 0.05) and team experience (regression coefficient: 0.51, P < 0.05) emerge as significant determinants obviously influencing RA outcomes. Conversely, the impact of project size (regression coefficient: 0.31, P < 0.05) is relatively modest. This paper furnishes a concrete reference framework for project managers, facilitating informed decision-making in SRPs. By comprehensively analyzing the influence of various factors on RA, the paper not only contributes empirical insights to project decision-making but also elucidates the intricate relationships between different factors. The research advocates for heightened attention to budget investment and team experience when formulating risk management strategies. This strategic focus is posited to enhance the precision of RAs and the scientific foundation of decision-making processes.

A method for managing scientific research project resource conflicts and predicting risks using BP neural networks.

This study begins by considering the resource-sharing characteristics of scientific research projects to address the issues of resource misalignment and conflict in scientific research project management. It comprehensively evaluates the tangible and intangible resources required during project execution and establishes a resource conflict risk index system. Subsequently, a resource conflict risk management model for scientific research projects is developed using Back Propagation (BP) neural networks. This model incorporates the Dropout regularization technique to enhance the generalization capacity of the BP neural network. Leveraging the BP neural network's non-linear fitting capabilities, it captures the intricate relationship between project resource demand and supply. Additionally, the model employs self-learning to continuously adapt to new scenarios based on historical data, enabling more precise resource conflict risk assessments. Finally, the model's performance is analyzed. The results reveal that risks in scientific research project management primarily fall into six categories: material, equipment, personnel, financial, time, and organizational factors. This study's model algorithm exhibits the highest accuracy in predicting time-related risks, achieving 97.21%, surpassing convolutional neural network algorithms. Furthermore, the Root Mean Squared Error of the model algorithm remains stable at approximately 0.03, regardless of the number of hidden layer neurons, demonstrating excellent fitting capabilities. The developed BP neural network risk prediction framework in this study, while not directly influencing resource utilization efficiency or mitigating resource conflicts, aims to offer robust data support for research project managers when making decisions on resource allocation. The framework provides valuable insights through sensitivity analysis of organizational risks and other factors, with their relative importance reaching up to 20%. Further research should focus on defining specific strategies for various risk factors to effectively enhance resource utilization efficiency and manage resource conflicts.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers Toward Research Among Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study in Turkey.

Background: Scientific research is essential in medicine to practice evidence-based medicine and improve healthcare quality. Research experience enables students to hone their skills in thinking critically, understanding data, and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of scientific articles. Objective: This study aims to determine knowledge, attitudes, and barriers toward research and assess research participation experience among medical students in Turkey. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among medical students in Turkey. Data was collected using an online self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 487 students, 65.1% female, completed the questionnaire. The majority of students (78.9%) showed a poor level of knowledge regarding research, although 23.2% had previously participated in a research project. Females reported significantly higher positive attitude scores (32.2 versus 31.3, p = 0.034) than males. Graduates of high schools based abroad had substantially lower knowledge scores than Anatolian, Science, and Private High School graduates (1.4 versus 2.7, 2.6, 2.4; p < 0.001). Students with experience in a research project had significantly higher knowledge scores (2.7 versus 2.3, p = 0.045). Students who wish to participate in a scientific research project in their future career had both substantially higher positive attitude scores (32.4 versus 29.6, p < 0.001) and knowledge scores (2.5 versus 1.8, p < 0.001) than those with no interest. Conclusion: Most participants had a positive attitude but lacked research knowledge. Some perceived barriers were lack of funding, time, proper mentoring, laboratories, and facilities. Developing better training systems may help to convert students' positive attitudes toward research into improved knowledge, practices, and overcoming research barriers. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-024-01987-0.

The Effect of Mindfulness on the Promotion of Graduate Students' Scientific Research Creativity: The Chain Mediating Role of Flow Experience and Creative Self-Efficacy.

Creativity is a universal core higher-order cognitive ability in the 21st century, which reflects a country's core competitiveness and soft power. Mindfulness, as an important concept in positive psychology, has also received attention for its potential effect on research creativity. Using structural equation modeling and bootstrap methods, this study investigated the relationship between mindfulness and research creativity among 1210 Chinese graduate students. Additionally, we explored the mediating effect of flow experience and creative self-efficacy in this relationship. The research results showed that mindfulness had a direct positive effect on graduate students' scientific research creativity. The mediating effect of flow experience and creative self-efficacy, as well as the chain mediating effect, were established, with the mediating ratio being 13.1% and 30.0%, respectively, and the indirect effect of chain mediating accounting for 34.1%. Interestingly, the effect mechanism at the gender level was various, with the mediating effect of mindfulness on scientific research creativity being higher among male graduate students. The results of this study revealed the mechanism of mindfulness on graduate students' scientific research creativity, offering valuable insights for enhancing their creative capabilities in the realm of scientific research.

Aspectos de la vida y obra del Dr. Bernardo Alberto Houssay / Aspects of the life and work of Dr. Bernardo Alberto Houssay

Con motivo del Día Mundial de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, se realizó en la Casa Museo Bernardo Houssay un conversatorio en el que expertos biógrafos resaltaron algunos aspectos de la trayectoria profesional del Premio Nobel de Medicina de 1947, destacando su actividad como investigador en fisiología y sus cualidades humanas. Estos importantes estudiosos del tema compartieron sus conocimientos en un selecto auditorio. (AU)

On the occasion of World Science and Technology Day, a discussion was held at the Bernardo Houssay House Museum in which expert biographers highlighted some aspects of the professional career of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Medicine, highlighting his activity as a researcher in physiology and his human qualities. These important scholars of the subject shared their knowledge in a select audience. (AU)

Effectiveness of scientific research education programme on the attitudes of nursing students towards research methods course: a pre and post-implementation study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing research is the key to building an evidence-based practice for nursing. It is a necessity for nursing students to be professionals and to be encouraged to conduct research. AIMS: This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a scientific research education program on the attitudes of nursing students towards research methods. DESIGN: A single group pre and post implementation study. METHODS: The sample was composed of the third-year nursing students (n = 196). A questionnaire, and the Scientific-Research-Methods-Course-Attitude-Scale (SRMC-AS) were used for the data collection. The intervention consisted of theoretical education, group discussions, and research project writing practices lead by the researchers. RESULTS: The difference between mean scores of the SRMC-AS baseline measurement (85.18 ± 9.09), 3rd month (91.20 ± 7.59), and 6th month (90.68 ± 11.16) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The scientific research education program was found effective about positively increasing the attitudes of the students towards the course.

Effective Manuscript Preparation and Submission.

Authors have a wide range of journals to which they can submit their report for consideration for publication. One key to getting the journal editors to accept a report is that the manuscript is properly organized and in compliance with the journal's Guide for Authors. For this reason, the single most important undertaking that an author can do before submission is read the journal's Guide for Authors and make sure that the report meets the journal's requirements for publication. If the subject matter is interesting and scientifically rigorous, then a well-written manuscript that complies with the journal's requirements will likely cruise through the peer review process and get accepted for publication. With this in mind, we now break down the elements of a report of original research and describe useful details that enhance the manuscript and leave little to revise.

In Vitro Evaluation of Accuracy and Reliability of Tooth Shade Selection Using Different Digital Instruments.

Introduction Managing tooth shade is a significant challenge in aesthetic dentistry, especially for anterior restorations. Accurate shade assessment, combined with tailored treatment strategies and effective communication, is crucial. To improve the precision and reliability of aesthetic dental treatments, new shade-matching technologies have emerged. Current clinical methods for determining tooth shade utilize both visual assessments and instrumental techniques. The current study aimed to assess and compare the reliability and accuracy of four digital methods of tooth shade matching. Materials and methods This study utilized a 3D-printed resin upper arch model with tooth preparation done on tooth 11. An intraoral scanner was employed to scan and design the tooth, followed by the fabrication of 30 zirconia crowns using computer-aided design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The assessment of shade matching involved four digital photometric methodologies (group 1: twin flash + digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera (DT), group 2: ring flash + DSLR camera (DR), group 3: smartphone camera (SMART), group 4: intraoral scanner (IOS)) with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIEL*a*b*) values determined through Adobe Photoshop transformation. Accuracy (ΔE) was calculated and a specific shade using Vitablocs Mark II 3D-Master served as the standard. CIEL*a*b* data (where L = lightness, a and b = chromaticity coordinates) from four cohorts were analyzed in SPSS 26.0 for reliability, with intraclass correlation. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation assessed reliability, while a one-sample t-test assessed accuracy, comparing values to clinical thresholds (p<0.05). Results The intraclass correlation revealed noteworthy variations in the L*, a*, and b* values, spanning from 0.730 to 0.994, 0.885 to 0.992, and 0.881 to 0.997, respectively. Intraoral scanners demonstrated high accuracy (ΔE = 5.8), while the SMART method showed the lowest precision (ΔE = 12.09). Twin flash with DSLR (TF+DSLR) and ring flash with DSLR (RF+DSLR) displayed comparable precision, with ΔE values of 10.90 and 10.97 respectively. Conclusion The smartphone exhibited the least precision, displaying notable discrepancies in all CIEL*a*b* metrics when compared to the manufacturer-specified shades. Conversely, the intraoral scanner demonstrated higher accuracy and reliability compared to the other groups, with no discernible variation in any of the CIEL*a*b* values from the manufacturer's standard.

Nanoparticles toxicity: an overview of its mechanism and plausible mitigation strategies.

Over the last decade, nanoparticles have found great interest among scientists and researchers working in various fields within the realm of biomedicine including drug delivery, gene delivery, diagnostics, targeted therapy and biomarker mapping. While their physical and chemical properties are impressive, there is growing concern about the toxicological potential of nanoparticles and possible adverse health effects as enhanced exposure of biological systems to nanoparticles may result in toxic effects leading to serious contraindications. Toxicity associated with nanoparticles (nanotoxicity) may include the undesired response of several physiological mechanisms including the distressing of cells by external and internal interaction with nanoparticles. However, comprehensive knowledge of nanotoxicity mechanisms and mitigation strategies may be useful to overcome the hazardous situation while treating diseases with therapeutic nanoparticles. With the same objectives, this review discusses various mechanisms of nanotoxicity and provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the impact of nanotoxicity on biological control systems and organs including liver, brain, kidneys and lungs. An attempt also been made to present various approaches of scientific research and strategies that could be useful to overcome the effect of nanotoxicity during the development of nanoparticle-based systems including coating, doping, grafting, ligation and addition of antioxidants.

Purpose definition as a crucial step for determining the legal basis under the GDPR: implications for scientific research.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union, which became applicable in 2018, contains a new accountability principle. Under this principle, controllers (ie parties determining the purposes and the means of the processing of personal data) are responsible for ensuring and demonstrating the overall compliance with the GDPR. However, interpretive uncertainties of the GDPR mean that controllers must exercise considerable judgement in designing and implementing an appropriate compliance strategy, making GDPR compliance both complex and resource-intensive. In this article, we provide conceptual clarity around GDPR compliance with respect to one core aspect of the law: the determination and relevance of the purpose of personal data processing. We derive from the GDPR's text concrete requirements for purpose specification, which we subsequently apply to the area of secondary use of personal data for scientific research. We offer guidance for correctly specifying purposes of data processing under different research scenarios. To illustrate the practical necessity of purpose specification for GDPR compliance, we then show how our proposed approach can enable controllers to meet their compliance obligations, using the example of the overarching GDPR principle of lawfulness to highlight the relevance of purpose specification for the identification of a suitable legal basis.

Animal rights, animal research, and the need to reimagine science.

What would it look like for researchers to take non-human animal rights seriously? Recent discussions foster the impression that scientific practice needs to be reformed to make animal research ethical: just as there is ethically rigorous human research, so there can be ethically rigorous animal research. We argue that practically little existing animal research would be ethical and that ethical animal research is not scalable. Since animal research is integral to the existing scientific paradigm, taking animal rights seriously requires a radical, wholesale reimagining of science.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05340426.

[Data processing in secure data processing environments using the example of MRI brain scans-a simultaneous plea for a legal provision for data processing for scientific research purposes]. / Datenverarbeitung in sicheren Verarbeitungsumgebungen am Beispiel von MRT-Gehirnscans ­ zugleich ein Plädoyer für eine rechtssichere Forschungsgrundlage.

The use of data for medical scientific research offers great potential for society as a whole, as the evaluation of large volumes of data with machine learning methods can result in new research approaches as well as new methods of diagnostics or treatment. However, the use of such data often fails due to high prerequisites or unclear requirements of data protection law.Processing of radiology data, such as MRI brain scans, is tied to specific risks for data subjects. This complicates the processing of such data for research purposes. Data trustees can help to reduce these risks through offering independent anonymization and pseudonymization services as well as secure processing environments in which health data is stored only for the time required for processing and analysis and is subsequently deleted.Thus, the use of data trustees can help to comply with data protection law, with risk-reduction being considered in favor of processing in decisions weighing the interests for and against data processing as necessary to comply with Art. 9 Para. 2 lit. j, Art. 89 Para 1 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GPDR) in conjunction with national law, or when assessing the compatibility of the secondary purpose of the processing with the purpose of collection. In this respect, the use of data trust models can contribute to the reduction of hurdles for the data processing of health data for scientific research purposes.

A low-cost cure for CUREs: An undergraduate microbiology course engaging students in authentic research using publicly available datasets.

Undergraduate research experiences are key to preparing STEM students for a range of careers and graduate programs, and to impacting retention in STEM. Providing undergraduate research experiences can be challenging for institutions due to the high cost associated with equipment and reagents, lab space, and research mentors. In this study, we present an upper-level microbiology seminar course that does not require these resources, as each student chooses and performs their own research project using data obtained from publicly available datasets. The faculty member provides hands-on instruction and regular feedback to mentor the cohort of students through all stages of their research projects, from honing a research question, to choosing a dataset, to data analysis and visualization. Students build science communication skills through each writing a scientific paper, and creating and presenting a scientific poster. These papers and presentations, along with results from student pre- and post-surveys, demonstrate that students built research and communication skills, while also building their confidence and interest in science careers. To access this research experience, students only need to register for this course; no application or selection is required, and no prior research experience is expected. The use of publicly available data makes this course a low-cost way to integrate authentic research projects into the college curriculum, and can be adapted to courses in any discipline. Such "low-cost CUREs" (course-based undergraduate research experiences) can be used to build capacity for undergraduate research experiences that are so crucial to preparing students for opportunities in and beyond college.

Investigation and Analysis of Online Training Mode of Scientific Research Ethics for Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

In the training process of medical students in clinical stage,it is very important to strengthen the medical students’ scientific research integrity and ethical awareness and pay attention to the promotion of their scientific research ethics literacy. The traditional training mode is generally through giving lectures in the classroom. In the current COVID-19 prevention and control normalization period,online training mode through network courses,video training,and learning materials sharing has been used to carry out training on scientific research ethics. This online training mode can effectively use students’ scattered time,which makes the training more convenient and students’ participation is higher. Through the questionnaire survey of 350 clinical medical students,this study analyzed the training courses related to scientific ethics that they hope to offer through online training,as well as specific training materials,application software and other issues,in order to enrich the content of online training,update information in a timely manner,and improve the effectiveness of scientific research ethics training.