Aplicativo móvel de auxílio à captação de materiais recicláveis: desenvolvimento centrado no usuário / Mobile application to assist recyclable materials: user-centred development / Aplicación móvil para ayudar a materiales reciclables: desarrollo centrado en el usuario

Objetivo: Desenvolver um aplicativo móvel de auxílio à captação de materiais recicláveis. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, de desenvolvimento tecnológica centrado no usuário, realizado entre março e dezembro de 2020, a partir de cinco fases sequenciais: reconhecimento do contexto; idealização; prototipação; teste de usabilidade, complementado por um processo de validação e implementação. Participaram dessa produção tecnológica pesquisadores, desenvolvedores e integrantes de uma Associação de Materiais Recicláveis de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Resultados: As três fases iniciais resultaram num protótipo de aplicativo móvel. Na fase do teste de usabilidade verificouse, por meio de simulação intuitiva do protótipo, que o aplicativo é de manejo acessível, rápido e prático, podendo ser acessado por qualquer cidadão que dispõem de celular. Constatou-se, no processo de validação, que o dispositivo possui os requisitos necessários para o adequado funcionamento e interlocução entre doadores e associações receptoras de materiais recicláveis. Está disponível online após obter registro no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial. Conclusão: Revela-se que o desenvolvimento centrado no usuário é uma estratégia que amplia a difusão de conhecimento, possibilita a inclusão social e favorece o empoderamento. Como tecnologia social, o dispositivo móvel é capaz de potencializar melhores condições de trabalho e renda às associações de reciclagem. (AU)

Objective: To develop a mobile application to help the collection of recyclable materials. Methods: This is a methodological study, of user-oriented technological production, carried out between March and December 2020, from five phases: context recognition; idealization; prototyping; usability testing, complemented by a process of validation and implementation. Researchers, developers, and members of a Recyclable Materials Association in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, participated in the collaborative production. Results: The three initial phases resulted in a prototype mobile application. In the usability test phase it was verified, through intuitive simulation of the prototype, that the application is accessible, fast and practical, and can be accessed by any citizen with a cell phone. It was verified, in the validation process, that the device has the necessary requirements for the proper functioning and dialogue between donors and associations that receive recyclable materials. It is available online after being registered with the National Institute of Industrial Property. Conclusion: It is revealed that user-centered development is a strategy that expands the dissemination of knowledge, enables social inclusion, and favors empowerment. As a social technology, the mobile device is capable of potentiating better work and income conditions for recycling associations. (AU)

Objetivo: Desarrollar una aplicación móvil para ayudar a capturar materiales reciclables. Métodos: Consiste en un estudio metodológico de producción tecnológica orientada hacia el usuario, ocurrido entre marzo y diciembre de 2020, basado en cinco fases: reconocimiento del contexto; idealización; creación de prototipos; prueba de usabilidad, complementada un proceso de validación e implementación. Participaron en la producción colaborativa investigadores, desarrolladores y miembros de una Asociación de Materiales Reciclables de Santa María, RS, Brasil. Resultados: Las tres fases iniciales resultaron en un prototipo de aplicación móvil. En la fase de prueba de usabilidad, se verificó, por medio de una simulación intuitiva del prototipo, que la aplicación es de uso accesible, rápida y práctica, y puede ser accedida por cualquier ciudadano que disponga de un teléfono celular. Se constató, en el proceso de validación, que el dispositivo cuenta con los requisitos necesarios para el correcto funcionamiento y diálogo entre donantes y asociaciones receptoras de materiales reciclables. Está disponible en línea tras obtener el registro en el Instituto Nacional de Propiedad Industrial. Conclusión: Resulta que el desarrollo centrado en el usuario es una estrategia que amplía la difusión del conocimiento, posibilita la inclusión social y favorece el empoderamiento. Como tecnología social, el dispositivo móvil es capaz de mejorar las condiciones laborales y los ingresos de las asociaciones de reciclaje. (AU)

Nano-encapsulated Cu(II) complex as a promising insecticidal for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Nanoparticle (NP) research is an area of scientific interest with high potential for application in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields. Due to their relatively large surface area compared to their mass, NPs can be more chemically reactive and change their reactive strength or other properties. NP-based drug delivery systems provide transport and an effective and controlled way to release the drugs. This work aimed to study the solubility and biological activity of nano-encapsulated copper metal complexes for the induction of toxicity and mortality in larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. After the nano-encapsulated metal complexes were prepared, the efficiency of this incorporation was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance, and toxicity bioassays were performed. The polymeric-based PLGA NPs encapsulating metal complexes exhibited high toxicity and specificity for target organisms (insect vectors, i.e., A. aegypti), with relatively less environmental impact and long-term control of their breeding.

An empirical analysis of the factors driving customers' purchase intention of green smart home products.

With the improvement of consumers' environmental awareness and the popularity of the Internet of Things, green smart home products (GSHPs) are becoming the dominant trend of future home life. This shift not only makes tedious home life easier and more convenient but also helps families save energy and reduce carbon emissions. However, given the impact of the current technological level, the proportion of users who actually purchase GSHPs remains small. Thus, seeking ways to promote the consumption of GSHPs has become an urgent issue. Hence, this study seeks to fill the gap in the existing research on green consumption behavior and obtain a full understanding of the factors influencing the purchase intention of GSHPs. To do so, this work uses task-technology fit theory and considers the actual situation of green smart home consumption to add social-technology fit into the original theoretical basis. In particular, this research focuses on middle- and high-end Chinese consumers who have experience in purchasing GSHPs. Moreover, it aims for an in-depth exploration of the formation mechanism of Chinese consumers' purchase intention for GSHPs through structural equation modeling. Using survey data collected from 331 green smart home product users in China, the study empirically examines the relationships among autonomy, environmental agility, sense of belonging, and self-actualization, and both task-technology fit and social-technology fit, which are expected to shape the purchase intention of GSHP users. The empirical results provide broad support for our hypotheses. The results of this study offer important contributions to the increasing research on GSHPs consumption and shed light on the importance of both technology characteristics and the needs of users in achieving both task-technology fit and social-technology fit and, ultimately enhancing the users' intention to purchase GSHPs.

"If you weren't connected to the Internet, you were not alive": experience of using social technology during COVID-19 in adults 50.

Introduction: Loneliness and social isolation reduce physical and mental wellbeing. Older adults are particularly prone to social isolation due to decreased connection with previous social networks such as at workplaces. Social technology can decrease loneliness and improve wellbeing. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted quarantine and social distancing for many people, creating a context of widespread social isolation. Method: In the current study, we interviewed middle-aged and older adults' (n = 20) about their use of social technology when social isolation was common: during the early part of the pandemic while social isolation and masking were still required in the United States, between August 2020 and June 2021.We analyzed the data using three-phase coding. We compare our results against the model of the bidirectional and dynamic relationship between social internet use and loneliness. Results: We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, our participants experienced decreased social interaction and moved toward online interaction. Participant use of social technology supported the stimulation hypothesis - that is, they used it to maintain existing relationships and social connection. The findings also add novel evidence that the stimulation hypothesis endures for older adults during enforced isolation (in this case due to the COVID- 19 pandemic). Discussion: Based on our data, we also propose adding the presence or realism of connection via social technology as a main factor to the model and engaging with construal level theory of social presence to fill in critical variables of this relationship. We further find that digital exclusion acts as a barrier to obtaining benefits from stimulation via social technology and recommend that further research examined digital exclusion in relation to the bidirectional and dynamic model. Finally, we discuss recommendations for improving social technology to benefit middle-aged and older adults.

Conceptualizing the Role of Racial-Ethnic Identity in U.S. Adolescent Social Technology Use and Well-Being.

Adolescent development and wellbeing now involve how the use of social technologies (e.g., social media and other online spaces) impact daily life. Especially during crises such as COVID-19 and persistent injustices, adolescents rely on online spaces for social connectedness and informational knowledge. Psychosocial impacts, both positive and negative, have been found among racial-ethnic minority adolescents. However, the role of racial-ethnic identity on social media use and wellbeing has been understudied. The current study addresses differential associations on social media experiences and mental health (i.e., depressive, online anxiety symptoms) among a diverse group of adolescents (n = 668; ages 10-17; 45.7% non-White). Furthermore, the roles of self-identified racial-ethnic groups, identity importance, exposure to hate messaging, and gender are investigated. Our study found significant moderating effects of racial-ethnic importance, gender, and online hate messaging. Additionally, the moderating role of race-ethnicity reveals a stronger association between greater social media frequency and heightened depressive symptoms among Asian adolescents. Black adolescents showed a significant association between greater social media frequency and decreased online social anxiety. Significant effects of online hate messaging exposure also reveal associations between online behaviors and depression and online social anxiety across adolescents. As social media adoption coincides with identity exploration, this study highlights how racial-ethnic identity and its formation in the digital age is important to understand its association with online interactions that may help or hinder adolescent wellbeing. Future work should continue examining trajectories of identity formation in relation to social media content and differential mental health impacts.

Advertising and Psychology: Strategies to Reduce Violence Against Women / Publicidade e Psicologia: Estratégias de Redução da Violência Contra a Mulher / Publicidad y Psicología: Estrategias de Reducción de la Violencia Contra la Mujer

Abstract The COVID-19 exacerbated violence against women. This study evaluated the possible efficacy of using advertising pieces containing the hypocrisy paradigm, the contrast principle, and moral disengagement mechanisms to prevent and reduce violence against women. We conducted two studies which included exclusively men as participants. Study 1 (n=400; M age =21.69; Me=20.00; SD=5.79) used traditional pieces on violence against women, manipulating only their moral disengagement phrases. Results suggest that the phrase combined with traditional images is either ineffective or has a rebound effect. Study 2 (n=303; M age =21.38; Me=20.00; SD=4.94) manipulated the image in Study 1, showing more effective results regarding hostility. However, physical aggression showed no significant differences. Finally, some pieces generated a rebound effect, increasing participants' self-perception of aggression. The use of advertising can act as an ally or an enemy of public policies if their effectiveness lacks proper testing.

Resumo A violência contra mulheres é um problema pandêmico agravado pela COVID-19. Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a eficácia de peças publicitárias em reduzir a violência contra mulheres por meio do paradigma de hipocrisia, o princípio de contraste e os mecanismos de desengajamento moral. Realizaram-se dois estudos com amostras masculinas. O Estudo 1 (n=400; M idade =21,69; Me=20,00; DP=5,79) utilizou peças tradicionais, manipulando apenas as frases de desengajamento moral. O resultado sugere que a frase combinada com imagens tradicionais são ineficazes ou geram efeito rebote. O Estudo 2 (n=303; M idade =21,38; Me=20,00; DP=4,94) manipulou a imagem e os resultados indicam maior efetividade das peças em relação à hostilidade. Entretanto, a agressão física não demonstrou diferenças significativas. Finalmente, algumas peças geraram efeito rebote, levando ao incremento da autopercepção de agressividade dos participantes. O uso da publicidade pode prejudicar políticas públicas de combate a violência contra mulheres quando sua eficácia não é devidamente testada.

Resumen La violencia contra la mujer es un problema pandémico agravado por el COVID-19. Esta investigación verificó el grado de eficacia de anuncios publicitarios para reducir la violencia contra la mujer utilizando el paradigma de la hipocresía, el principio de contraste y los mecanismos de desconexión moral. Se diseñaron dos estudios con muestras masculinas. El Estudio 1 (n=400; M edad =21,69; Me=20,00; DT=5,79) utilizó anuncios tradicionales, manipulando únicamente las frases de desconexión moral. El resultado sugiere que la frase combinada con imágenes tradicionales es ineficaz o tiene efecto rebote. El Estudio 2 (n=303; M edad =21,38, Me=20,00; DT=4,94) manipuló la imagen, y los resultados indican mayor eficacia respecto a la hostilidad. Pero la agresión física no mostró diferencias significativas. Finalmente, algunos anuncios generaron efecto rebote, incrementando la autopercepción de la agresividad. Así, el uso de la publicidad puede actuar como enemiga de las políticas públicas contra la violencia a la mujer cuando no se comprueba adecuadamente su eficacia.

Age and Gender Perspectives on Social Media and Technology Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Few studies have examined social media and technology use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Therefore, the main research question and objective of this study was to examine similarities and differences in the influences of mobile technology and social media use on Canadians among different age groups and across gender during the COVID-19 pandemic. From June through October 2021, 204 persons completed a 72-item online survey. Survey questions encompassed COVID-19 pandemic experiences and technology use. Standardized measures including the Psychological Wellbeing measure, eHeals, and the UCLA V3 Loneliness scale were collected to examine the psychological influences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings showed that males under 50 years were most likely to self-isolate compared to the other demographic results of the study. Males reported using technology less than females but were more likely to report using technology to share information regarding COVID-19. Respondents under 50 years were also more likely to use smartphones/mobile phones as their most used mobile technology device, whereas respondents over 50 were more split between smartphones/mobile phones and computers/tablets as their most used device. Males scored higher on the UCLA loneliness scale and lower on the Psychological Wellbeing sub-scores compared to females. Further research should explore additional demographics in relation to broader aspects of digital skills across different age groups.

Sustaining Our Relationship: Dyadic Interactions Supported by Technology for People with Dementia and Their Informal Caregivers.

Impaired memory function and challenges in communication affect the ability of people living with dementia to interact with family caregivers socially. The onset of dementia in a family member and the communication challenges that follow can lead to conflict, isolation and loss of closeness in the relationship. I-CARE is a tablet-based technology providing leisure activities specifically designed for people living with dementia to do in tandem with caregivers. The intention is that caregiving dyads engage with I-CARE together, using the activities contained in the system as the basis for positive social interactions. This paper reports on a mixed-methods feasibility study of I-CARE, evaluating the system's usability and assessing the impact on caregiving dyads. We also explored barriers and facilitators to independent use of the technology among community-dwelling people living with dementia and their family caregiver. Results suggest that I-CARE is a feasible tool to facilitate positive experiences in dementia caregiving dyads. Important relationship outcomes for the participating dyads were enrichment in social interactions, facilitated communication, having a shared activity and relationship sustenance. Successful uptake requires continuous proactive support tailored to the needs and preconditions of users over an extended time until they feel confident using the system independently.

The Reintegration Journey Following A Psychiatric Hospitalization: Examining the Role of Social Technologies.

For people diagnosed with mental health conditions, psychiatric hospitalization is a major life transition, involving clinical treatment, crisis stabilization and loss of access of social networks and technology. The period after hospitalization involves not only management of the condition and clinical recovery but also re-establishing social connections and getting back to social and vocational roles for successful reintegration - a significant portion of which is mediated by social technology. However, little is known about how people get back to social lives after psychiatric hospitalization and the role social technology plays during the reintegration process. We address this gap through an interview study with 19 individuals who experienced psychiatric hospitalization in the recent past. Our findings shed light on how people's offline and online social lives are deeply intertwined with management of the mental health condition after hospitalization. We find that social technology supports reintegration journeys after hospitalization as well as presents certain obstacles. We discuss the role of social technology in significant life transitions such as reintegration and conclude with implications for social computing research, platform design and clinical care.

Social Health among German Nursing Home Residents with Dementia during the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Role of Technology to Promote Social Participation.

The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the social health of nursing home residents with dementia due to social isolation. Consequently, the frequency of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD) might increase. Technological solutions might help safeguard the social health of nursing home residents with dementia. This study investigates the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical outcomes and the availability of social activities and technology to promote social participation in nursing home residents with dementia. The study analyzed cross-sectional data from a follow-up questionnaire nested in a larger national survey of care facilities in Germany. A mixed-methods approach integrated statistical analyses of closed-ended responses and thematic analysis of free-text responses. A total of 417 valid individual responses were received, showing an overall increase in observed BPSD-with anxiety and depression most frequently occurring. Many nursing homes canceled all social activities for residents with dementia, though a few had established procedures to facilitate social participation using technology. Requirements to promote social participation in this population using technology were identified at the micro-, meso-, and macro levels. Technology requirements permeated all three levels. During and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, technology-driven solutions to promote social health among nursing home residents with dementia should be integrated into caregiving procedures.

The "therapeutic relationship": emergence, eclipse, and transformations of a social technology / A "relação terapêutica": surgimento, obscurecimento e transformações de uma tecnologia social

Abstract This essay situates the history of "the relationship" as a therapeutic technology within the broader context of changing social relations in the twentieth-century United States. More specifically, it outlines the emergence and subsequent diffusion of practices that aim to cultivate a social bond between therapist and patient that may serve as a psychotherapeutic tool. The article highlights the transformations of this technology as its institutional and epistemic foundations became challenged. Initially conceived as an "artificial" social relation designed to help with "personal adjustment," the therapeutic relationship was soon also deployed by non-experts and became a model for more healthful social relations. More recently, it has been fashioned as collaborative and combined with a range of other methods.

Resumo O artigo identifica a história da "relação terapêutica" como uma tecnologia inserida em um contexto mais amplo de relações sociais marcadas por mudanças nos EUA do século XX. Mais especificamente, sintetiza o surgimento e a subsequente difusão de práticas voltadas para o cultivo do vínculo social entre terapeuta e paciente que podem servir como ferramenta psicoterapêutica. O artigo destaca as transformações dessa tecnologia à medida que passam a ser contestados os alicerces institucionais e epistemológicos da psicoterapia. Em princípio concebida como uma relação social "artificial", criada para colaborar com o "ajuste pessoal", a relação terapêutica não tardou a ser aplicada também por não especialistas e se tornou um modelo para relações sociais mais saudáveis. Nos últimos tempos, passou a figurar como prática colaborativa e a ser associada a uma série de outros métodos.

Metodologia da problematização na produção do cuidado à saúde de homens: desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais / Problematization methodology in the production of men's health care: development of social technologies / Metodología de problematización en la producción de atención sanitaria masculina: desarrollo de tecnologías sociales

Objetivo: analisar a aplicação da Metodologia da Problematização com o arco de Maguerez para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais aplicadas à produção do cuidado à saúde de homens Métodos: Relato de experiência sobre a construção de uma Tecnologia Social, dedicada ao apoio à produção do cuidado à saúde de homens realizada com estudantes, pesquisadores e profissionais da saúde participantes de um congresso internacional de saúde em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, ocorrido em março de 2019. Utilizou-se o método da problematização e o referencial teórico-conceitual de Tecnologia Social e de produção do cuidado. Resultados: A proposta da Tecnologia Social, direcionada ao fazer profissional e foi estruturada em quatro etapas: planejamento e organização; configuração teórica e metodológica; operacionalização e estruturação; e, execução. Os participantes desenvolveram estratégias de forma bastante variadas eficaz construídas individualmente e em coletivo. Tais estratégias foram expressas em papel do tipo cartolina, e compuseram a montagem de um painel temático educativo/informativo. Conclusão: A mostrou-se de fácil acesso, baixo custo, factível de reprodução, interativa, problematizante, reflexiva, conferindo um importante dispositivo de apoio à produção do cuidado à saúde de homens. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the application of the Problematization Methodology with the Maguerez arc for the development of social technologies applied to the production of men's health care. Methods: Experience report on the construction of a Social Technology, dedicated to supporting the production of health care men's health held with students, researchers and health professionals participating in an international health congress in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, held in March 2019. The problematization method and the theoretical-conceptual framework of Social Technology and care production. Results: The Social Technology proposal, aimed at making professionals and was structured in four stages: planning and organization; theoretical and methodological configuration; operationalization and structuring; and, execution. Participants developed quite varied strategies effectively built individually and collectively. Such strategies were expressed on cardboard-type paper, and comprised the setting up of an educational / informational thematic panel. Conclusion: A proved to be easy to access, low cost, feasible to reproduce, interactive, problematic, reflective, providing an important support device for the production of health care for men. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la aplicación de la Metodología de Problematización con el arco de Maguerez para el desarrollo de tecnologías sociales aplicadas a la producción de servicios de salud masculina Métodos: Informe de experiencia en la construcción de una Tecnología Social, dedicada a apoyar la producción de servicios de salud. salud del hombre realizado con estudiantes, investigadores y profesionales de la salud que participaron en un congreso internacional de salud en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, realizado en marzo de 2019. El método de problematización y el marco teórico-conceptual de la Tecnología Social y producción de cuidados. Resultados: La propuesta de Tecnología Social, orientada a la formación de profesionales y se estructuró en cuatro etapas: planificación y organización; configuración teórica y metodológica; operacionalización y estructuración; y ejecución. Los participantes desarrollaron estrategias bastante variadas, construidas de manera efectiva individual y colectivamente. Dichas estrategias se expresaron en papel tipo cartulina y comprendieron la creación de un panel temático educativo / informativo. Conclusión: A demostró ser de fácil acceso, bajo costo, factible de reproducir, interactivo, problemático, reflexivo, proporcionando un importante dispositivo de apoyo para la producción de cuidados de salud para hombres. (AU)

Fábrica de cuidados: uma tecnologia social para construção de modelos de cuidar em saúde / Care factory: a social technology for building health care models / Fábrica de cuidados: una tecnología social para la construcción de modelos asistenciales

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da execução do Programa de Extensão Fábrica de Cuidados como tecnologia social para construção de modelos de cuidar em saúde. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência. Resultados: Como Tecnologia Social, o Programa de Extensão Fábrica de Cuidados propicia conhecimentos de reconverter nosso pensamento de atenção, para inclusão social e relação de ajuda. Considerações finais: A implementação do Programa de Extensão Fábrica de Cuidados como tecnologia social exige de seus mentores habilidades criativas e motivacionais, conhecimentos e disponibilidade para assegurar a autonomia da Enfermagem. É preciso acreditar no investimento social do conhecimento como a "riqueza extraordinária" e dos nossos "infinitos fluxos" para ajudar o outro. (AU)

Objective: To report the experience of implementing the Care Factory Extension Program as a social technology for building health care models. Methods: This is a descriptive study of the experience report type. Results: As Social Technology, Care Factory Extension Program provides knowledge to reconvert our thought of attention to social inclusion and a helping relationship. Conclusion: The implementation of Care Factory Extension Program as a social technology requires from its mentors creative and motivational skills, knowledge, and availability to ensure Nursing autonomy. It is necessary to believe in the social investment of knowledge as the "extraordinary wealth" and our "infinite flows" to help others. (AU)

Objetivo: Dar a conocer la experiencia de implementación del Programa de Extensión Fábrica de Cuidados como tecnología social para la construcción de modelos de atención en salud. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia. Resultados: Como Tecnología Social, Programa de Extensión Fábrica de Cuidados aporta conocimientos para reconvertir nuestro pensamiento de atención a la inclusión social y la relación de ayuda. Conclusión: La implementación de Programa de Extensión Fábrica de Cuidados como tecnología social requiere de sus mentores habilidades creativas y motivacionales, conocimientos y disponibilidad para asegurar la autonomía de Enfermería. Es necesario creer en la inversión social del conocimiento como la "riqueza extraordinaria" y nuestros "flujos infinitos" para ayudar a los demás. (AU)

Harvesting rainwater for food security: farmers' perceptions of the Boardwalk Cisterns Program in Alagoas, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Boardwalk Cisterns is a government program that aims to attend a population with precarious access to water in Brazil. Developed as part of the Zero Hunger strategy, it intends to increase food security and contribute to the realization of the human right to food. The objective of this study was to assess farmers' perceptions of the Boardwalk Cisterns program and its impact on the food security situation of beneficiary households. METHODS: Data were collected through a descriptive cross-sectional quali-quantitative survey. Questionnaires were applied to farming families selected from two municipalities in the state of Alagoas (Northeast Brazil), containing questions on sociodemographic characteristics, production methods, and food security status. The Free Evocation Technique for social representation, analyzed through the software Ensemble of Programs Permettant L'analyze des Évocations, was used to ascertain farmers' perceptions of the program. RESULTS: The study showed a positive perception of the interviewees in relation to the boardwalk cisterns. The program brought some improvement in the agricultural production conditions and, consequently, in the food security situation of the households. Corn, beans and cassava were the most common crops, with almost half of this production (48.3%) destined for consumption by the families themselves. Farmers also reported having more water, allowing them to plant more fruit trees, as well as medicinal and ornamental plants. Nevertheless, 79.1% of the households interviewed were still in a situation of food insecurity, of which 28.1% were classified as mild food insecurity, 26% as moderate food insecurity, and 25% as severe food insecurity. CONCLUSION: Farmers were correct in their perception that the Boardwalk Cisterns program improved their food security situation. The program resulted in greater access to water, and greater production and consumption of food. However, by itself, the Boardwalk Cisterns program was not enough to raise beneficiary families above their food-insecure status. The program alleviated the problem of food insecurity, but other complementary government interventions are needed to guarantee the food security of families living in extreme poverty.

"Building the Threads of Connection that We Already Have": The Nature of Connections via Technology for Older People.

Objectives: The social connectedness of older people is of increasing concern. Technology has been suggested for enhancing social inclusion. This study aimed to explore the nature and quality of connections via technology.Methods: Qualitative exploration of experiences, stories, and needs was undertaken through semi-structured interviews with older (7) and middle-aged (3) adults with rich experience of connections via technology in Australia and England. Core aspects of connections through technology were constructed through interpretive description analysis.Results: Four key aspects were: 1. The caliber of connections: descriptions of a range of subjective quality of connections and characteristics of good connections; 2. Experiences of poor connection (mis- and dis-connection) including descriptions of experiences creating isolation; 3. Reasons to connect described the purposes of technology-based connections including connecting with others, themselves and places important to them; 4. Making connections work described active strategies to enhance connection.Conclusions: Using technology is part of the social engagement of many people. Considering the related feelings of connection and support strategies and needs could enhance future research and practice with older people.Clinical implications: The different characteristics and potential positive and negative experiences of connection via technology need consideration in measuring social isolation and supporting older adults.

Tecnologia para gestão do cuidado em saúde na assistência domiciliar em cuidados paliativos oncológicos / Technology for health care management in home care in palliative carer cancer

Objetivos: elaborar um instrumento para registro diário dos cuidadores acerca dos sinais e sintomas manifestados pelos pacientes em cuidados paliativos oncológicos na assistência domiciliar; validar o conteúdo do instrumento para registro diário dos cuidadores acerca dos sinais e sintomas manifestados pelos pacientes em cuidados paliativos oncológicos no domicílio, a partir dos elementos contemplados; e discutir os limites e possibilidades da aplicabilidade desta tecnologia para a gestão do cuidado em saúde na assistência domiciliar em cuidados paliativos oncológicos. Método: estudo metodológico desenvolvido em três fases: revisão integrativa; elaboração do instrumento; e validação de conteúdo. A revisão integrativa foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e CINAHL, e buscou publicações de 2015 a 2019, com descritores: Sinais e Sintomas, Assistência Domiciliar, Cuidados Paliativos e Neoplasias. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por 11 juízes. Para o reconhecimento dos juízes foram utilizados os critérios: ser mestre em qualquer área da saúde; ser mestre com dissertação na área oncológica e/ou em cuidados paliativos; ter publicação de artigo científico, livro ou capítulo de livro na área de oncologia e/ou cuidados paliativos e/ou assistência domiciliar; ter prática clínica de pelo menos três anos na temática do estudo; ter capacitação em assistência oncológica e/ou cuidados paliativos. A partir destas qualificações, para a fase de validação, foram aplicados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ser profissional da área da saúde e apresentar obrigatoriamente o critério referente à prática clínica, somado a pelo menos mais um dos critérios listados na qualificação dos juízes. Foram critérios de exclusão: profissionais da área da saúde que estavam de férias ou licença de qualquer natureza durante o período de coleta de dados. O cenário do estudo foi a assistência domiciliar do Hospital do Câncer IV (INCA), referência na área da temática estudada. Para avaliação foram utilizadas escalas Likert, com quatro números de classes, realizando posteriormente o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e o coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach = 0,925. Resultados: o corpus final da revisão integrativa foi constituído de 35 artigos, sendo identificados 25 sinais e 23 sintomas. A análise dos itens baseou-se no número de vezes em que os sinais e sintomas foram citados pelo menos uma vez nos artigos, subsidiando o instrumento inicial abrangendo: dor, falta de ar, náuseas/vômitos, ansiedade, depressão/tristeza, bem-estar, sonolência, prisão de ventre, falta de apetite, cansaço e insônia. Como principais discordâncias entre os juízes destacaram-se detalhes nas imagens, que receberam alteração, independente do IVC > 80%. Esta análise possibilitou atestar o instrumento quanto relevância, clareza e objetividade, ratificando a validade de conteúdo. Duas alterações foram realizadas após a elaboração do protótipo do instrumento em acordo com as sugestões realizadas durante as três rodadas de validação realizadas, destacando alteração na escrita de dois sinais e sintomas, "Náuseas/Vômitos" para "Enjoo/Vômito" e, "Depressão/Tristeza" para "Tristeza". Conclusão: a versão final do instrumento "Registro de Sintomas do Paciente" propõe fornecer maior segurança aos cuidadores quanto ao acompanhamento do estado clínico do paciente e comunicação com os profissionais de saúde, possibilitando maior agilidade nas ações necessárias, consequentemente, no manejo dos sinais e sintomas e na promoção da qualidade de vida dos pacientes sob cuidados paliativos oncológicos no domicílio.

Objectives: to develop an instrument for daily registration of caregivers about the signs and symptoms manifested by patients in palliative oncology care in home care; validate the content of the instrument for daily registration of caregivers about the signs and symptoms manifested by patients in oncology palliative care at home from the elements contemplated; and to discuss the limits and possibilities of the applicability of this technology for the management of health care in home care in palliative oncology care. Method: methodological study developed in three phases: integrative review; elaboration of the instrument; and content validation. The integrative review was carried out in the LILACS, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, and sought publications from 2015 to 2019, with descriptors: Signs and Symptoms, Home Care, Palliative Care and Neoplasms. The content validation was performed by 11 judges, selected through the criteria: being a master in any area of health; be a master with a dissertation in oncology and / or palliative care; publishing a scientific article, book or book chapter in the area of oncology and / or palliative care and / or home care; have clinical practice of at least three years in the study theme; have training in cancer care and / or palliative care. In this study we consider: being a health professional and mandatorily presenting the criterion referring to clinical practice, added to at least one more of the listed criteria. Exclusion criteria were: health professionals who were on vacation or on leave of any nature during the period of data collection at this stage of the study. The study scenario was home care at the Hospital do Cancer IV (INCA), a reference in the area of the subject studied. Likert scales were used for evaluation, with four class numbers, subsequently performing the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.925. Results: the final corpus of the integrative review consisted of 35 articles, with 25 signs and 23 symptoms identified. The analysis of the items was based on the number of times the signs and symptoms were mentioned at least once in the articles, subsidizing the initial instrument covering: pain, shortness of breath, nausea/vomiting, anxiety, depression/sadness, well-being. being, drowsiness, constipation, lack of appetite, tiredness and insomnia. As main disagreements between the judges, details in the images were highlighted, which received alterations, regardless of the CVI> 80%. This analysis made it possible to attest to the instrument as to its relevance, clarity and objectivity, confirming the content validity. Two changes were made after the prototype of the instrument was developed in accordance with the suggestions made during the three validation rounds carried out, highlighting changes in the writing of two signs and symptoms, "Nausea/Vomiting" to "Sickness/Vomiting" and, "Depression/Sadness" to "Sadness". Conclusion: the final version of the "Patient Symptom Record" instrument proposes to provide greater security regarding the patient's clinical status, enabling greater agility in the necessary actions, consequently, in the management of signs and symptoms and in promoting the quality of life of patients under palliative oncology care at home.

Objetivos: desarrollar un instrumento para el registro diario de los cuidadores sobre los signos y síntomas que manifiestan los pacientes en cuidados oncológicos paliativos en el hogar; validar el contenido del instrumento para el registro diario de los cuidadores sobre los signos y síntomas que manifiestan los pacientes en cuidados paliativos oncológicos a domicilio a partir de los elementos contemplados; y discutir los límites y posibilidades de la aplicabilidad de esta tecnología para la gestión de la asistencia sanitaria en la atención domiciliaria en oncología paliativa. Método: estudio metodológico desarrollado en tres fases: revisión integradora; elaboración del instrumento; y validación de contenido. La revisión integradora se realizó en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE y CINAHL, y se buscaron publicaciones de 2015 a 2019, con descriptores: Signos y Síntomas, Cuidados en el Hogar, Cuidados Paliativos y Neoplasias. La validación de contenido fue realizada por 11 jueces, seleccionados a través de los criterios: ser un maestro en cualquier área de la salud; ser un maestro con una disertación en oncología y / o cuidados paliativos; publicar un artículo científico, libro o capítulo de libro en el área de oncología y / o cuidados paliativos y / o cuidados domiciliarios; tener práctica clínica de al menos tres años en el tema de estudio; tener formación en cuidados oncológicos y / o cuidados paliativos. En este estudio consideramos: ser un profesional de la salud y presentar obligatoriamente el criterio referente a la práctica clínica, sumado al menos a uno más de los criterios enumerados. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: profesionales de la salud que estuvieran de vacaciones o de licencia de cualquier naturaleza durante el período de recolección de datos en esta etapa del estudio. El escenario de estudio fue la atención domiciliaria en el Hospital do Cáncer IV (INCA), referente en el área del tema estudiado. Para la evaluación se utilizaron escalas Likert, con cuatro números de clase, realizando posteriormente el Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) y el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach = 0,925. Resultados: el corpus final de la revisión integradora estuvo conformado por 35 artículos, con 25 signos y 23 síntomas identificados. El análisis de los ítems se basó en la cantidad de veces que los signos y síntomas fueron mencionados al menos una vez en los artículos, subsidiando el instrumento inicial que cubría: dolor, disnea, náuseas/vómitos, ansiedad, depresión/tristeza, bienestar. estar, somnolencia, estreñimiento, falta de apetito, cansancio e insomnio. Como principales desavenencias entre los jueces, se destacaron detalles en las imágenes, las cuales recibieron alteraciones, independientemente del IVC> 80%. Este análisis permitió dar fe del instrumento en cuanto a su relevancia, claridad y objetividad, confirmando la validez de contenido. Se realizaron dos cambios después de que se desarrolló el prototipo del instrumento de acuerdo con las sugerencias hechas durante las tres rondas de validación realizadas, destacando cambios en la escritura de dos signos y síntomas, "Náuseas/Vómitos" a "Enfermedad/Vómitos" y, "Depresión/Tristeza" a "Tristeza". Conclusión: la versión final del instrumento "Historial de síntomas del paciente" propone brindar mayor seguridad en cuanto al estado clínico del paciente, permitiendo una mayor agilidad en las acciones necesarias, consecuentemente, en el manejo de signos y síntomas y en la promoción de la calidad de vida de los pacientes bajo atención oncológica paliativa a domicilio.

Advocacy coalition formation and key actors within the policy / Formación de coaliciones de defensa y actores clave dentro de la política / Formação de coalizão de defesa e atores chaves da política

Abstract The article discusses advocacy coalition formation and the roles of key actors in science, technology and innovation (ST&I) policies for social inclusion in a subnational context. The policy subsystem category and concept of advocacy coalition are used in the context of the advocacy coalition framework and address the need to understand the influences of key actors (policy broker and policy entrepreneur) on it. The policy subsystem was outlined using case-oriented research and the discourse was analyzed in order to understand the policy actors' beliefs. The analysis of two cases of ST&I policy processes for social inclusion (assistive technology and social technology) highlighted policy broker and policy entrepreneur key roles in the emergence of policy subsystems, but had different effects on advocacy coalition formation. The policy entrepreneur had a closer relationship with advocacy coalition building when setting up regular mechanisms to share beliefs and policy-oriented learning, as well as taking initiatives to coordinate the collective action of members in the early advocacy coalition. Although relevant in agenda setting and maintaining a specific social inclusion agenda in the policy process, the policy broker did not achieve a positive relationship with advocacy coalition building. The article corroborates the possibility of incorporating the concept of policy entrepreneur in analyses of the advocacy coalition framework and highlights this actor's characteristics through this analytical model.

Resumen El artículo analiza la formación de coaliciones de defensa y los roles de los actores clave en las políticas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (PCTI) para la inclusión social en un contexto subnacional. Considerando el modelo de coalición de defensa (MCD), se utilizaron como referencia las categorías analíticas del subsistema de la política y de la coalición de defensa, para comprender las influencias de los actores clave, específicamente del policy broker (intermediario) y del emprendedor de políticas. El subsistema de la política se delimitó mediante el método de investigación basado en casos y se usó el análisis del discurso para comprender las creencias de los actores en la política. El análisis de dos casos del proceso de la PCTI para la inclusión social (tecnología social y tecnología de la rehabilitación) resaltó los roles de los actores clave en la aparición de subsistemas de la política, sin embargo tuvieron diferentes efectos en la formación de coaliciones de defensa. El emprendedor de políticas tuvo una mayor relación con la formación de una coalición de defensa al establecer mecanismos regulares para comunicar sus posiciones y aprendizajes orientados a la política, así como al tomar iniciativas para coordinar la acción colectiva en la naciente coalición de defensa. El policy broker no logró una relación positiva con la formación de las coaliciones de defensa analizadas, pero sí fue relevante para el establecimiento de la agenda y la permanencia de la pauta de inclusión social en el proceso de la política. Este trabajo corrobora la posibilidad de incorporar el concepto de emprendedor de política en los análisis de MDC y señala las características de este actor clave en el modelo analítico estudiado.

Resumo O artigo discute a formação de coalizão de defesa e o papel de atores chaves em políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) para inclusão social em um contexto subnacional. No âmbito do Modelo de Coalizão de Defesa (MCD), utilizou-se as categorias analíticas do subsistema da política e da coalizão de defesa como referência e buscou-se compreender as influências de atores chaves nestas, especificamente o policy broker (mediador) e o empreendedor de política. O subsistema de política foi delimitado pelo método de pesquisa baseada em caso e a análise de discurso foi mobilizada para compreender as crenças dos atores da política. A análise de dois casos do processo de política de CT&I para inclusão social (tecnologia social e tecnologia assistiva) realçou os papéis de atores chaves na emergência dos subsistemas de política, porém estes tiveram diferentes efeitos sobre a formação de coalizões de defesa. O empreendedor da política teve maior relação com a formação de coalizão de defesa ao estabelecer mecanismos regulares para compartilhamento de crenças e aprendizados orientados para a política, bem como ao tomar iniciativas de coordenação da ação coletiva na coalizão de defesa nascente. O policy broker não alcançou relação positiva substancial com a formação das coalizões de defesa analisadas, embora tenha sido relevante para o agenda-setting e a permanência da pauta de inclusão social no processo da política. O artigo corrobora com a possibilidade de incorporação do conceito de empreendedor de política em análises do MDC e aponta características deste ator chave iluminadas pelo modelo analítico.

Household slow sand filter to treat groundwater with microbiological risks in rural communities.

Household slow sand filters (HSSFs) improve the quality of life in rural communities as they provide safe water. However, HSSFs require time for the growth of the biological layer (schmutzdecke) to achieve maximum performance, especially when groundwater is used as it normally has few nutrients. In this ripening period, pathogenic microorganisms can pass through the filter. In this context, this study reports the performance of two HSSF settings, intermittent (I-HSSF) and continuous (C-HSSF) flows followed by disinfection with sodium hypochlorite to treat groundwater with Escherichia coli, Giardia muris cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The weekly introduction of river water was tested as a filter-ripening agent and this procedure reduced the ripening time in approximately 80 days. Filtered water disinfection improved the water quality and inactivated protozoa. The costs and operational challenges addressed in this study can provide support to HSSF technology transfer in rural communities worldwide.

The Anatomy of Frank and Stein. An Ontological Exploration of Cyborg Identity, Culture, and Education.

This contribution aims to unpack the ontological nexus of cyborg identity and culture. It highlights a set of core assumptions driving its operations that merit critical attention as cyborgic and AI discourses continue to unfold and penetrate societies deeper, ultimately questioning the normative and conceptual logic and social distribution of these core assumptions.

Analysis of the scale of impairment to the application of social technology / Análise da escala de impedimentos à aplicação da tecnologia social / Análisis de la escala de impedimentos a la aplicación de la tecnología social

The process of evaluating the effectiveness of Social Technology for Professional Qualification requires reliable and compact instruments. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate evidence of the validity of an impairment scale to the Application of Social Technology. The sample consisted of 299 professionals working in public institutions attending people under conditions of social vulnerability in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The exploratory analysis of graph data suggested a structure with three factors: interpersonal relationship, infrastructure, and perceptions of work with vulnerable populations. The confirmatory factor analysis presented low residue indexes and excellent fit indices. The results demonstrate the adequacy of the scale to investigate factors that impair the application of the contents of professional training.

O processo de avaliação da efetividade de uma Tecnologia Social para Capacitação Profissional necessita de instrumentos fidedignos e breves. Com base nisso, o presente estudo objetiva avaliar evidências de validade de uma Escala de Impedimentos à Aplicação da Tecnologia Social. A amostra foi composta por 299 profissionais que trabalham em instituições públicas de atendimento às populações em vulnerabilidade social no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A análise exploratória de grafos sugeriu uma estrutura com três fatores: relacionamento interpessoal, infraestrutura e percepções do trabalho com populações vulneráveis. A análise fatorial confirmatória apresentou baixos índices de resíduos e excelentes índices de ajuste. Os resultados demonstram a adequação da escala para investigar fatores impeditivos à aplicação dos conteúdos trabalhados em capacitações profissionais

El proceso de evaluación de la efectividad de una Tecnología Social de Capacitación Profesional necesita instrumentos fidedignos y breves. Con base en ello, el presente estudio objetiva evaluar evidencias de validez de una Escala de Impedimentos a la Aplicación de la Tecnología Social. La muestra fue compuesta por 299 profesionales que trabajan en instituciones públicas de atención a las poblaciones en vulnerabilidad social en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. El análisis exploratorio de grafos sugirió una estructura con tres factores: relación interpersonal, infraestructura y percepciones del trabajo con poblaciones vulnerables. El análisis factorial confirmatorio presentó bajos índices de residuos y excelentes índices de ajuste. Los resultados demuestran la adecuación de la escala para investigar factores impeditivos a la aplicación de los contenidos trabajados en capacitaciones profesionales.