Effects of computer-based cognitive training vs. paper-and-pencil-based training on the cognitive development of typically developing children: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive training program in improving executive functions and attention in elementary school children, compared to a traditional paper-and-pencil intervention. The study has been formulated as a randomized controlled trial with pre- and post-intervention measures. For the study, third-grade children with typical development aged between 7 and 9 years will be recruited. Participants will be randomly assigned to the two study arms (control and experimental). The experimental group will participate in a computerized intervention using the NeuronUp cognitive stimulation platform for 8 weeks, twice a week. Sessions will be conducted using computers in the computer lab of the participating educational institution. The active control group will engage in paper-and-pencil cognitive training for the same duration and intensity as the experimental group. Evaluators will be blinded to the assignment, and participants will be blinded to the target intervention. Hypothesis testing will be conducted through ANOVA-MR, and logistic regressions will be implemented to assess the effect of socioeconomic variables on children's performance. These results are expected to contribute to the discussion on the opportunities and benefits offered by cognitive training programs on the cognitive development of typically developing children.

+Ciencia: a training program to increase evidence-based science communication and literacy for Hispanic high school and undergraduate students.

Science misinformation represents a significant challenge for the scientific community. Hispanic communities are particularly vulnerable due to language barriers and the lack of accessible information in Spanish. We identified that a key step toward enhancing the accessibility of information for non-native English-speaking communities involves imparting science communication education and training to Hispanic youth. Our goal was to provide them with the skills to become science ambassadors who can effectively engage with their communities and bridge communication gaps. To address this, we developed the first science communication training program in Spanish for Hispanic high school and undergraduate students in Puerto Rico. The program called +Ciencia aims to provide training and education on science communication for Hispanic minorities through experiential and collaborative learning. In the short term, our multifaceted approach works to counter misinformation and promote science literacy within the broader community. Over the long term, our grassroots efforts with students will evolve into a generation of professionals equipped with strong engagement skills and comprehensive training in science communication with a specific focus on Hispanic audiences. Herein, we describe the components of this educational program and provide open access to educational materials and articles developed by three cohorts.

The Field Epidemiology Training Program's Contribution to Essential Public Health Functions in Seven National Public Health Institutes.

Objective: This study explores how Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETP) whose National Public Health Institutes (NPHI) are supported by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have contributed to strengthening essential public health functions. Methods: We conducted 96 semi-structured interviews with public health experts including NPHI staff, non-NPHI government staff, and staff from non-governmental and international organizations in Cambodia, Colombia, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Zambia. We managed data using MAXQDA and employed direct content analysis to derive themes. Results: Three overarching themes emerged in relation to FETPs' role within the NPHIs' public health functions. These themes included contribution to improving country surveillance systems, role in providing leadership in outbreak responses, and strengthening countries' and the NPHIs' surveillance workforce capacity. Participants also shared challenges around FETPs' implementation and suggestions for improvement. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the value of FETPs in strengthening public health systems through building workforce capacity and improving surveillance systems. By identifying the successes of FETPs in contributing to essential public health functions, our findings might inform current and future FETP implementation and its integration into NPHIs.

The STOP Program: a Hybrid Smoking Prevention and Cessation Training for Cancer Care Providers in Colombia and Peru.

We designed and tested the feasibility of the Smoking Cessation Training Program for Oncology Practice (STOP), a hybrid (face-to-face plus web-based) educational intervention to enhance Spanish-speaking cancer care professionals' (CCPs') ability to provide brief smoking prevention and cessation counseling to cancer patients and survivors. Changes in the CCPs' competencies (knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practices toward smoking and smoking cessation services) were assessed post-training. Sixty CCPs from one major cancer center in Colombia (n = 30) and Peru (n = 30) were invited to participate in a 4-module hybrid training program on smoking prevention and cessation. Demographic and pre- and post-test evaluation data were collected. The training's acceptability was measured after each module. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the CCPs' competencies before and after the delivery of the STOP Program. Effect sizes were computed over time to assess the sustainability of the acquired competencies. Twenty-nine CCPs in Colombia and 24 CCPs in Peru completed the STOP Program (96.6% and 80.0% retention rates, respectively). In both countries, 98.2% of the CCPs reported that the overall structure and organization of the program provided an excellent learning experience. The pre-post-test evaluations indicated that the CCPs significantly improved their knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practices toward smoking, smoking prevention, and cessation services. We found that the CCPs' self-efficacy and practices increased over time (1-, 3-, and 6-month assessments after completing the 4 educational modules). The STOP Program was effective and well-received, demonstrating remarkable changes in CCPs' competencies in providing smoking prevention and cessation services to cancer patients.

Effects of Resistance Training in Individuals with Lower Limb Amputation: A Systematic Review.

Individuals with lower-limb amputations may have a significant strength deficit. This deficit may be related to the stump length and can lead to changes in gait, reduced energy efficiency, walking resistance, altered joint load, and increased risk of osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain. This systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines to examine the effects of resistance training in lower limb amputees. Interventions with resistance training and other training methods were sufficient to achieve muscle strength gain in muscles of the lower limbs, improved balance, and improvements in gait pattern and speed when walking. However, it was impossible to determine from the results whether resistance training was mainly responsible for these benefits or even whether the positive effects presented would be observed with only this training method. When combined with other exercises, interventions with resistance training made possible gains for this population. Accordingly, it is noteworthy that the main finding of this systematic review is that the effects may be different according to the level of amputation, with mainly transtibial and transfemoral amputations studied.

Diretrizes de (con)federações nacionais para o desenvolvimento de treinadores de handebol em uma perspectiva de longo prazo / National (con)federations guidelines for the handball coaches development in the long-term overview / Directrices de las (con)federaciones nacionales para el desarrollo de entrenadores de balonmano en una perspectiva de largo plazo

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as diretrizes de formação de treinadores de handebol em países que alcançaram resultados expressivos no contexto internacional nos últimos anos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, realizada entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Os dados foram extraídos dos endereços eletrônicos oficiais das respectivas (con)federações nacionais, por um instrumento elaborado pelos autores e, posteriormente, foram analisados por meio da análise temática. Os achados denotam o envolvimento das (con)federações na formação dos treinadores, que, por sua vez, apresentou características padronizadas e hierarquizadas, proporcionando diferentes níveis de treinadores, relacionados aos diversos contextos de atuação da modalidade.

This study aimed at identifying and analyzing handball coaches' development guidelines in countries that got significant results in the international background in the last few years. It's a documental research performed between december 2020 and january 2021. The data was collected from the official websites of the respective national (con)federations using an instrument de-signed by the authors. It was analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings denote the engagement of the (con)federations in the coaches' development, which presented standardized and hierar-chical characteristics, providing different levels of coaches for each of the related fields of handball.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar las directrices de la formación de entrenadores de balonmano en naciones que lograron resultados expresivos en contexto internacional en los últimos años. Se trata de una investigación documental realizada entre diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021. Los datos fueran obtenidos de las direcciones electrónicas oficiales de las (con)federaciones utilizando una herramienta confeccionada por los autores y después fue analizado mediante análisis temática. Los hallazgos denotan la participación de las (con)federaciones en la formación de entrenadores que, por su vez, presentó características estandarizadas y jerarquizadas proporcionando distintos grados de entrenador para cada ámbito de actuación en lo balonmano.

Diretrizes de (con)federações nacionais para o desenvolvimento de treinadores de handebol em uma perspectiva de longo prazo / National (con)federations guidelines for the handball coaches development in the long-term overview / Directrices de las (con)federaciones nacionales para el desarrollo de entrenadores de balonmano en una perspectiva de largo plazo

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as diretrizes de formação de treinadores de handebol em países que alcançaram resultados expressivos no contexto internacional nos últimos anos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, realizada en-tre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Os dados foram extraídos dos endereços eletrônicos oficiais das respectivas (con)federações nacionais, por um instrumento elaborado pelos autores e, posteriormente, foram analisados por meio da análise temática. Os achados denotam o envolvimento das (con)federações na formação dos treinadores, que, por sua vez, apresentou características padronizadas e hierarquizadas, proporcionando diferentes níveis de treinadores, relacionados aos diversos contextos de atuação da modalidade (AU).

This study aimed at identifying and analyzing handball coaches' development guidelines in countries that got significant results in the international background in the last few years. It's a documental research performed between december 2020 and january 2021. The data was collected from the official websites of the respective national (con)federations using an instrument de-signed by the authors. It was analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings denote the engagement of the (con)federations in the coaches' development, which presented standardized and hierar-chical characteristics, providing different levels of coaches for each of the related fields of handball (AU)

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar y anali-zar las directrices de la formación de entrenadores de balonmano en naciones que lograron resultados expresivos en contexto inter-nacional en los últimos años. Se trata de una investigación docu-mental realizada entre diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021. Los da-tos fueran obtenidos de las direcciones electrónicas oficiales de las (con)federaciones utilizando una herramienta confeccionada por los autores y después fue analizado mediante análisis temática. Los hallazgos denotan la participación de las (con)federaciones en la for-mación de entrenadores que, por su vez, presentó características estandarizadas y jerarquizadas proporcionando distintos grados de entrenador para cada ámbito de actuación en lo balonmano (AU).

Utility of YouTube online learning for junior gastrointestinal endoscopists: A rewarding or deterring practice?

Endoscopy is a competitive field in clinical practice, in which skilled endoscopists are in high demand. The learning process for Junior Gastrointestinal Endoscopists (JGEs) is difficult, quite long, and technically demanding. This directs JGEs to seek additive learning sources, including online sources. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency, context, attitudes, perceived benefits, drawbacks, and recommendations for using YouTube videos as an educational platform among JGEs from the uses'prespective. We disseminated a cross-sectional online questionnaire from January 15th to March 17th, 2022, and recruited 166 JGE from 39 different countries. The majority of surveyed JGEs (138, 85.2%) were already using YouTube as a learning tool. The majority of JGEs (97, 59.8%) reported gaining knowledge and applying it in their clinical practice, but 56 (34.6 %) reported gaining knowledge without application in real practice. Most participants (124, 76.5 %) reported missing procedure details in YouTube endoscopy videos. The majority of JGEs (110, 80.9%) reported that YouTube videos are provided by endoscopy specialists. Only one participant, 0.6% out of the 166 JGEs surveyed, disliked video records, including YouTube as a source of learning. Based on their experience, 106 (65.4%) of participants recommended YouTube as an educational tool for the coming generation of JGEs. We consider that YouTube represents a potentially useful tool for JGEs, supplying them with both knowledge and clinical practice tricks. However, many drawbacks could make the experience misleading and time-consuming. Consequently, we encourage educational providers on YouTube and other platforms to upload well-constructed, peer-reviewed, interactive educational endoscopy videos.

Antecedentes : La endoscopia es un campo competitivo en la práctica clínica en el que los endoscopistas calificados tienen una gran demanda. El proceso de aprendizaje para los endoscopistas gastrointestinales junior (JE) es difícil, bastante largo y técnicamente exigente. Esto dirige a los JE a buscar fuentes de aprendizaje adicionales, incluidas las fuentes en línea. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia, el contexto, las actitudes, los beneficios percibidos, los inconvenientes y las recomendaciones para el uso de videos de YouTube como una plataforma educativa entre los JE desde la perspectiva de los usuarios. Métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario transversal en línea difundido del 15 de enero al 17 de marzo de 2022 reclutó a 166 endoscopistas gastrointestinales junior de 39 países diferentes. Resultados : La mayoría de los JE encuestados (138, 85,2%) ya utilizaban YouTube como herramienta de aprendizaje. La mayoría de los JE (97, 59,8 %) refirieron adquirir conocimientos y aplicarlos en su práctica clínica, pero 56 (34,6 %) informaron adquirir conocimientos sin aplicación en la práctica real. La mayoría de los participantes (124, 76,5 %) informó que faltaban detalles del procedimiento en los videos de endoscopia de YouTube. La mayoría de los JE (110, 80,9%) informaron que los videos de YouTube son proporcionados por especialistas en endoscopia. Solo a un participante, el 0,6% de los 166 JE encuestados, le disgustaron los registros de video, incluyendo a YouTube como fuente de aprendizaje. Según su experiencia, 106 (65,4 %) de los participantes recomendaron YouTube como una herramienta educativa para la próxima generación de JE. Conclusión: YouTube representa una herramienta potencialmente útil para los EJ, brindándoles tanto conocimientos como trucos para la práctica clínica. Sin embargo, muchos inconvenientes podrían hacer que la experiencia sea engañosa y consuma mucho tiempo. En consecuencia, alentamos a los proveedores de educación en YouTube y otras plataformas a subir videos de endoscopia educativos interactivos, bien construidos y revisados por pares.

Development and Validation of a Laparoscopy Simulation Model of Pyeloplasty for Pediatric Patients.

Introduction: Given the extensive training required for laparoscopic pyeloplasty and the difficulties achieving this training, there is a need to recreate the activity in a controlled environment, but high-fidelity models are unavailable or expensive. Our objective was to develop a model of pyeloureteral junction stenosis, resembling the anatomical details and consistency of natural tissue, for a replicable, cheaper, and realistic simulation model of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional, printed synthetic model was created from magnetic resonance urography. The model comprises a plastic kidney as the reusable structure and a silicone renal pelvis and ureter as the interchangeable structure. We evaluated realism and performance with surgeons and residents at different levels of training, comparing operative time and complications of the procedure. Results: Twenty-four participants were recruited; 41.7% had previous experience in laparoscopic pyeloplasty, with 5.5 years of experience in laparoscopic surgery (interquartile range [IQR] 2-7.75). There were no cases of stenosis, but leaks accounted for 41.7%. The procedure lasted 72 minutes (IQR 55-90), with significant differences according to the level of training (85 minutes for residents, 68 minutes for pediatric surgeons and urologists, and 40 minutes for laparoscopic surgeons; P: .011) and years of previous experience in laparoscopic surgery (P: .003). Conclusions: A high-fidelity, replicable, and low-cost pyeloureteral stenosis model was developed to simulate laparoscopic pyeloplasty in pediatric patients.

Improvement of physical fitness by the martial arts training program / Aprimoramento de aptidão física por programa de treinamento em artes marciais / Mejora de la aptitud física mediante programa de entrenamiento de artes marciales

ABSTRACT Introduction: Competitive martial arts athletes cannot achieve good results based only on a specific competitive skill in today's intense competition. A specific training program that emphasizes the physical fitness required by the characteristics of the sport is necessary. Objective: Study the martial arts training index system to improve athletes' physical fitness. Methods: The author adopts the research methods such as the literature data method, questionnaire survey method, and mathematical statistics method. The composition of the special indicators related to physical training for martial arts athletes is comprehensively discussed. results: Through interviews and investigations, the contribution rate of morphological indicators proved to be higher, accounting for 37.61% of the total contribution. Considering the index with the highest load, 29 special physical training indicators were determined for martial arts athletes. Conclusion: Martial arts athletes show a solid basis in training regarding the quality of special movements and sports performance. These data provide an important reference for scientific and dedicated martial arts training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: As atividades de artes marciais de competição dos atletas não podem alcançar bons resultados nas disputas intensas atuais baseando-se apenas em uma habilidade competitiva específica. É necessário um programa de treinamento específico que enfatize a aptidão física requisitada pelas características do esporte. Objetivo: Estudar o sistema de índice de treinamento das artes marciais para melhorar a aptidão física dos atletas. Métodos: O autor adota os métodos de pesquisa como o método de dados da literatura, método de levantamento de questionários e método de estatística matemática. A composição dos indicadores especiais relacionados ao de treinamento físico para atletas de artes marciais é discutida de forma abrangente. Resultados: Através de entrevistas e investigações, a taxa de contribuição dos indicadores morfológicos mostrou-se superior, representando 37,61% de toda a contribuição total. Considerando o índice com a maior carga, foram determinados 29 indicadores especiais de treinamento físico para os atletas de artes marciais. Conclusão: Os atletas de artes marciais demonstram uma base sólida no treinamento quanto a qualidade de movimentos especiais e no desempenho esportivo. Esses dados fornecem uma referência importante para o treinamento científico e dedicado às artes marciais. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las actividades de artes marciales de competición de los atletas no pueden lograr buenos resultados en las intensas disputas actuales basándose únicamente en una habilidad competitiva específica. Es necesario un programa de entrenamiento específico que haga hincapié en la aptitud física requerida por las características del deporte. Objetivo: Estudiar el sistema de índices de entrenamiento de artes marciales para mejorar la aptitud física de los deportistas. Métodos: El autor adopta los métodos de investigación como el método de datos bibliográficos, el método de encuesta por cuestionario y el método de estadística matemática. La composición de los indicadores especiales relacionados con el de la formación física de los atletas de artes marciales se discute exhaustivamente. Resultados: A través de las entrevistas y las investigaciones, la tasa de contribución de los indicadores morfológicos resultó ser mayor, representando el 37,61% de toda la contribución total. Teniendo en cuenta el índice con mayor carga, se determinaron 29 indicadores especiales de entrenamiento físico para los atletas de artes marciales. Conclusión: Los atletas de artes marciales demuestran una sólida base en el entrenamiento cuanto la calidad de los movimientos especiales y en el rendimiento deportivo. Estos datos proporcionan una importante referencia para el entrenamiento científico y dedicado de las artes marciales. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Neurosurgical training in the Caribbean.

•Neurosurgical training in the Caribbean has not been well-defined in published data.•Neurosurgical programs are the framework for the delivery of surgical care.•Maldistribution of the neurosurgery workforce is one of the challenges faced.•Facilitating partnerships within the Caribbean would enhance regional solidarity.

Empathy Training for Caregivers of Older People: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: To identify empathy training models and the effects on psychological concerns in paid and unpaid caregivers of older people. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted. Searches for relevant articles were performed in the Embase, LILACS, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases using the following search strategy: "Empathy AND (Education OR Training OR Intervention) AND Caregiver." No restrictions were imposed regarding language or year of publication. RESULTS: Empathy training for caregivers of older people were performed in six studies, three of which identified a significant increase in empathy levels and consequent reduction in psychological concerns. Empathy training focused on aspects of empathy and/or the caregiver had significant effects on the outcome variables. Moreover, training conducted online, by telephone and/or in person can generate satisfactory results. The other three studies that conducted training with a focus on aspects of dementia and/or old age did not present any effect on the outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: Empathy training for caregivers of older people can increase levels of this ability, especially in the cognitive domain, as well as diminish psychological concerns caused by the negative impact of providing care. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Empathy training directed at empathic abilities and/or aspects of providing care can be effective at increasing levels of this ability. Moreover, training in different care contexts can minimize the negative impacts of providing care.

Methodological Proposal for Strength and Power Training in Older Athletes: A Narrative Review.

INTRODUCTION: Within the adult population, it is not uncommon to meet older athletes who challenge the negative stereotypes associated with aging. Although their physical performance is superior to their sedentary counterparts, they are not immune to impaired neuromuscular function, leading to a decreased physical capacity and an increased risk of injuries. Despite the abundant information about the benefits of strength/power training in advanced ages, there are no methodological proposals that guide physical activity professionals to program this type of training. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review the factors related to the decrease in sports performance within older athletes and the benefits of a strength/power program in order to provide a methodological proposal to organize training in this population. METHODS: This is a review article. First, databases from PubMed, Science Direct, and SPORTSDiscus and search engines, namely Google Scholar and Scielo, were reviewed, using standard keywords such as strength and power training, evaluation of physical performance, neuromuscular function, and risk of injury in the elderly athlete. All related articles published during the period 1963 to 2020 were considered. A total of 1837 documents were found. By removing 1715 unrelated documents, 122 articles were included in the study after revision control. RESULTS: Strength/power training is key to alleviating the loss of performance in older athletes and the benefits in neuromuscular function, which helps reduce the rate of serious injuries, maintaining sports practice for a longer period of time. In order to design an appropriate program, a prior evaluation of the individual's physical-technical level must be carried out, respecting the biologicalpedagogical principles and safety regulations. CONCLUSION: The methodological proposal delivered in this review can serve as a technical guide for physical activity professionals, which will be able to structure the strength/power training and thus preserve the sports practice in older athletes for a longer time.

Programa de entrenamiento para la cirugía laparoscópica de acalasia en modelos inertes y orgánicos. Estudio observacional / Training Program for Laparoscopic Achalasia Surgery in Inert and Organic Models. Observational Study

La educación en cirugía ha experimentado cambios de paradigmas en las últimas décadas, principalmente en la adquisición de habilidades y destrezas quirúrgicas. La simulación surge como una herramienta complementaria de aprendizaje en cirugía laparoscópica. Objetivo : Diseñar un programa de entrenamiento para el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas en el abordaje laparoscópico de la cirugía de la acalasia. Métodos : Se trata de un estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo y analítico basado en un programa de entrenamiento con modelos inertes y ex vivo. Los participantes fueron residentes de postgrado de cirugía general de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Resultados : Se realizaron 30 prácticas con 6 residentes del mismo nivel de experiencia. Se observó una disminución del 22,64% del tiempo entre la evaluación inicial y final, con una mejoría de las habilidades con la escala GOALS del 33,3%.Conclusión : El programa de entrenamiento permitió reproducir algunos de los pasos para la cirugía de acalasia, constituyendo un método efectivo, de bajo costo y fácil de implementar para la enseñanza y adquisición de habilidades laparoscópicas(AU)

Surgery education has experienced paradigm shifts in recent decades, mainly in the acquisition of surgical skills and abilities. Simulation emerges as a complementary learning tool in laparoscopic surgery.Objective: To design a training program for the development of abilities and skills in the laparoscopic approach to achalasia surgery. Methods : This is an observational, longitudinal, prospective and analytical study based on a training program with inert and ex vivo models. The participants were postgraduate residents of general surgery at the Central University of Venezuela.Results : 30 practices were carried out with 6 residents of the same level of experience, a decrease of 22.64% in the time between the initial and final evaluation was observed, with an improvement in skills with the GOALS scale of 33.3%.Conclusion : The training program allowed to reproduce some of the steps for achalasia surgery, constituting an effective, low cost and easy to implement method for teaching and acquiring laparoscopic skills(AU)

Programa de entrenamiento en potencial de aprendizaje para niños colombianos con dificultades de aprendizaje en Matemáticas / Dynamic assessment program for Colombian children with learning disabilities in Mathematics (LDM)

Resumen Las dificultades de aprendizaje en Matemáticas (DAM) han sido estudiadas por parte de los investigadores en los últimos años. La literatura sobre su clasificación y su identificación en niños ha sido relevante; sin embargo, es poca la bibliografía actual acerca de cómo superar dichas dificultades en niños. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la validación de un protocolo para mejorar habilidades en el campo de las matemáticas. La muestra se componía de 59 niños con esta característica, además del bajo rendimiento en dicha área. Los participantes tenían entre 7 y 10 años y estaban cursando entre segundo y cuarto año de primaria. El diseño es cuasiexperimental con medidas pretest-postest y grupo control en lista de espera. El programa constó de cinco semanas, con una sesión semanal de forma grupal con una duración de 50 minutos aproximadamente. Los instrumentos de evaluación fueron: TEDI-MATH para la identificación de las DAM y tres subpruebas de la WISC-IV, dígitos, conceptos y claves. Los resultados de la investigación arrojaron diferencias significativas entre el grupo control y experimental para todas las pruebas de la TEDI-MATH y para la subprueba de conceptos en WISC-IV. Los resultados son coherentes con otras investigaciones relacionadas con la comorbilidad entre los campos del lenguaje y las matemáticas. Se concluye que, al entrenar aspectos relacionados con la adquisición del lenguaje mejora la comprensión y el manejo de las competencias en matemáticas en los niños.

Abstract Learning Disabilities Mathematical LDM, have been the subject of study since the decade of the 70`s, advances in this field have allowed a correct identification and classification through the design of various instruments for this objective. The number of investigations that address intervention protocols to improve this type of difficulties in children is even more limited. On this way, comorbidities have also been found different researches with the Language Learning Disabilities LLD, and as well as their relationship with the neurological development of children. It is estimated that in countries like Germany, USA, and Spain, the percentage of children with LDM is between 3% and 8%. In particular, in Colombia at the moment, there is very little research that allows identifying these difficulties in children, as well as very little research on the different types of intervention to improve these difficulties in Math. In General, there are little current literature on how to overcome such difficulties in children. An intervention based on the perspective of dynamic assessment would be useful for children who have these difficulties. The dynamic assessment implies two important concepts: activity and modifiability. The tester and the inquired assume an active role, where the tester intervenes and modifies the interaction with the inquired with the purpose of successfully inducing learning. The inquired is directed and reinforced to assume an active role in searching and organizing information. The product of the assessment is modifiability or change in cognitive functioning. This study presents the validation of a protocol based on dynamic assessment to improve skills in the field of mathematics. The sample was 59 Colombian children from public schools in the city of Bogotá. Participants were between 7 to 10 years old and from second to fourth grade. They had Mathematics Learning Difficulties in evaluated with TEDI-MATH on short version. They were distributed in 28 boys and 31 girls with this characteristic. And children who were undergoing psychological, medicated and/or clinical treatment processes were excluded. The design used was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest measures and control group on the waiting list. The program considered five weeks, with one weekly session of group with a duration of approximately 50 minutes. The evaluation instruments were: TEDI-MATH which was used for the identification of the MLD; 3 sub tests of the WISC-IV, digits, concepts and keys. And PAMATH-C protocol was used for the intervention with children with the aforementioned difficulties. The results of the investigation showed significant differences between the control and experimental group for all the TEDI-MATH tests and for the subtest of concepts in WISC-IV. The results are consistent with other research related to comorbidity between the fields of language and mathematics. The results showed that like other research based interventions with Learning Potential training programs are effective in improving the different metacognitive abilities among the participants. and has a significant effect on the decrease in Mathematical Learning Disabilities. This research leaves projections for an application to a larger population in Colombia and in South America of the TEDYMATH test on short version, since good discrimination was observed for children with LDM. The application of the PAMATH-C protocol in other types of rural and urban population throughout the territories will improve the identification of children with difficulties. In addition, the contribution for the design of new tests based on dynamic evaluation and its form of application to improve other types of difficulties in both children and adults. Therefore, an immense methodological field to develop future protocols based on the Learning Potential. It is concluded that when training aspects related to language acquisition, it improves the understanding and management of mathematics in children.

Preparing pharmacists to increase naloxone dispensing within community pharmacies under the Pennsylvania standing order.

PURPOSE: Opioid misuse and overdose deaths remain a public health concern in the United States. Pennsylvania has one of the highest rates of opioid overdose deaths in the country, with Philadelphia County's being 3 times higher than the national average. Despite several multimodal interventions, including use of SBIRT (screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment) methods and naloxone distribution, the rate of overdose deaths remains high. METHODS: To gain insights on strategies for improving access to naloxone and naloxone distribution by pharmacists in Philadelphia County, a study was conducted in 11 community pharmacies (chain and independent) in Philadelphia. Twenty-four pharmacists were recruited and completed SBIRT and naloxone trainings. Each pharmacy elected to have at least 1 pharmacy champion who received additional training on and helped develop pharmacy site-specific naloxone dispensing protocols. RESULTS: Pre-post survey results showed a reduction in stigmatizing attitudes regarding naloxone dispensing and an increase in pharmacists' understanding of the standing order and appropriate naloxone use. There was an increase in pharmacists' self-reported confidence in their ability to appropriately identify, discuss, and dispense naloxone to patients. All pharmacies increased their average monthly dispensing rate following protocol implementation. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists who received both trainings were more likely to change naloxone dispensing practices, leading to an overall increase in naloxone dispensing by community pharmacists. The study addressed overall gaps in pharmacists' knowledge, reduced stigma, and prepared pharmacists to address opioid use and overdose prevention with their patients. The described pharmacist-led patient counseling and intervention service for overdose prevention may be explored as a model for other community pharmacies to adopt to improve naloxone dispensing and similar interventions to reduce overdose deaths.

Training model in abdominal wall endoscopic surgery for ventral hernias. Extended totally extra-peritoneal approach (e-tep)

ABSTRACT Purpose: To develop a reproducible training program model covering the steps of the extended totally extraperitoneal approach (e-tep) technique for correction of ventral or incisional hernia repair. Methods: Training sessions with surgeons in the laboratory using both porcine specimens and a new ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) model simulating the operative steps of the e-tep technique. Students were interviewed and asked to answer a questionnaire pre and post the sessions to assess their performance and evaluated the course and model. Results: A total of 25 trained abdominal wall surgeons was evaluated at the end of the course. It was obtained a 100% satisfaction score of the training, as well as increased confidence levels up to 9 and 10 in all technical aspects of the surgery, having 96% of the surgeons performed a surgery under supervision of the proctors after the course. Conclusions: This training model is simple, effective, low cost, and replicable in guidance on the beginning of e-tep technique adoption, and performance. As a result, surgeons can get more confident and more able to perform surgeries employing this technique.

Creating and Implementing a Professional Development Program to Improve Organizational Capacity for Health Analytics in a Public Health Setting.

The implementation of an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) in the public healthcare system of Buenos Aires City began in June 2016. AGISE is a government department that assists in health decision-making processes by providing timely and quality data. In this study we designed a professional development program to improve organizational capacities for health analytics.

Sleep societies and sleep training programs in Latin America.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare current information about sleep societies, training programs, and requirements for certification in sleep medicine across Latin America. METHODS: Online research was conducted from July-September 2019. Search terms and logic were established, including every region or territory in Latin America. Members of sleep societies were contacted to complete missing information. RESULTS: There are 11 sleep societies in Latin America included in the Federation of Latin American Sleep Societies. They have varied levels of available online information. Regarding training programs, Brazil offers a sleep medicine residency and Mexico includes sleep training in the neurophysiology specialty; both countries offer sleep medicine certification. Sleep societies of Colombia and Argentina have developed their own certification processes. CONCLUSIONS: There are remarkable differences in sleep society consolidation, training programs, available certification, terminology, regulatory entities, and requirements in Latin America, which may increase difficulties and obstacles for a multinational certification project.