Minimal Erythema Dose: Correlation with Fitzpatrick Skin Type and Concordance Between Methods of Erythema Assessment in a Patient Sample in Colombia. / Dosis eritematosa mínima: correlación con el fototipo y método de medición en una muestra de población colombiana.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The minimal erythema dose (MED), an essential measurement in studies of skin photosensitivity, requires establishing MED values for specific populations, given genetic variation. Different ways to assess erythema are also relevant. We aimed to determine MED values in a sample of Colombian patients and correlations between MED and Fitzpatrick skin type. We also studied concordance correlation between MEDs and two alternative ways to assess erythema. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 113 individuals in Bogotá, Colombia. We used a solar simulator to measure UV-A radiation and combined UV-A and UV-B (UVA+UVB) radiation, o se podría suprimir este término porque UVA y UVB son términos conocidos for MED calculation. Narrowband UV-B (NBUVB) radiation was measured in a phototherapy cabin. Erythema was assessed visually and with a Mexameter MX 18 device. RESULTS: The median MEDs of UVA+UVB radiation were 22mJ/cm2 for Fitzpatrick skin typesI andII, and 33 and 43mJ/cm2, respectively, for typesIII andIV. The MEDs of UV-A radiation were 22, 42, 86, and 100J/cm2 for typesI, II, III, andIV, respectively. The MEDs of NBUVB light were 390, 550, 770, and 885mJ/cm2 for the 4 skin types. The correlation between MEDs and skin types ranged from 0.5 to 0.69. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients between visual and Mexameter assessments of erythema were greater than 0.8 in all cases. CONCLUSION: This study allowed us to understand MED values for UV-A, UVA+UVB, and NBUVB according to different skin types in the Colombian population. Concordance correlation coefficients between the different methods of erythema assessment were very good. Correlations between MEDs and skin types were moderate to good.

Parámetros cuantitativos de los glóbulos grasos lácteos por microscopía convencional: potencial tratamiento de leche cruda bovina con rayos Ultravioleta en los puntos de producción primaria de la cadena láctea del Cesar / Quantitative parameters of milky fatty globules by conventional microscopy: potential treatment of bovine raw milk with UV rays at the point of primary production in the dairy chain of Cesar

The high bacterial / ml registration of raw milk, over 400 thousand in the Cesar forced to seek technological alternatives for reducing it at the origen. International institutes have made significant progress in conservation of maternal milk with UV rays without altering its nutritional properties. Additionally, the amount and diameters of MFG could be optically quantified in cow's raw milk and breast milk by obtaining and digital image processing, finding an average of 5.1 microns in average size of milk fat globules. This is a first determinant to potentiate the use of ultraviolet rays on the site of origin of bovine milk to lower microbial load of pathogen.

El alto registro bacteriano / ml de leche cruda, más de 400 mil en el Cesar obliga a buscar alternativas tecnológicas para su reducción en origen, institutos internacionales han logrado avances significativos en conservación de leches maternas con rayos UV sin alterar sus propiedades nutritivas. Se pudo cuantificar ópticamente la cantidad y diámetros de los GGL en leche cruda de vaca y leche materna mediante la obtención y procesamiento digital de imágenes, encontrándose un promedio de 5,1 micrómetros en el tamaño promedio de los glóbulos grasos lácteos. Este es un primer parámetro determinante para potencializar el uso de los rayos ultravioleta en el sitio de origen de leche bovina para bajar carga microbiana de patógenos.

Ação da radiação ultravioleta na redução da microbiota do caldo de cana para produção de cachaça / Effect of ultraviolet radiation on microbial reduction of sugarcane juice for the production of cachaça

O processo fermentativo para produção de cachaça é influenciado pela qualidade da matéria-prima. Uma matéria-prima que contenha alta carga microbiana resultará em uma fermentação ineficiente, cujo resultado é refletido na qualidade final da cachaça. Objetivou-se nesta investigação avaliar a ação da radiação ultravioleta como desinfetante alternativo na desinfecção do caldo de cana para produção de cachaça. Confeccionou-se uma câmara de tratamento do caldo de cana com uma parte inferior e cinco tampos para instalação das lâmpadas germicidas por radiação ultravioleta. A câmara foi instalada na saída da moenda. A eficiência do tratamento foi avaliada através de análises microbiológicas do caldo de cana em cinco tempos de tratamento. O delineamento estatístico do experimento foi o inteiramente casualizado. As análises microbiológicas apresentaram um P valor de 64,63%. As análises de acidez, porcentagem de álcool e pH do vinho irradiado e não irradiado apresentaram um P valor maior que 0,05% As cachaças produzidas com caldo de cana irradiado e não irradiado apresentaram valores que estão de acordo com a legislação vigente. Concluiu-se que as características físico-químicas do caldo de cana foram influenciadas pela radiação U.V. sobre os micro-organismos presentes no mesmo, eliminando uma pequena parte destes, estatisticamente não significativas.

The fermentation process for the production of cachaça (the most popular alcoholic distilled beverage) in Brazil is influenced by the quality of the raw material. Thus any raw material containing a high microbial load results in an ineffective fermentation, which is reflected on the final quality of the cachaça. This study evaluated the action of ultraviolet radiation as an alternative disinfectant for cachaça-producing sugarcane juice. The experiment was carried out at the TUCANINHA cachaça-producing unit in the city of São João Batista do Glória, MG. A 10.0m × 43cm × 13cm aluminum plate treatment chamber was made with five 2.0 × 43cm × 14cm heads for germicidal UV lamps. The chamber was installed at the outlet of the mill for the passage of the UV-treated sugarcane juice in a continuous flow system. The effectiveness of the treatment was assayed by microbiological analyses of the cane juice at five treatment times. The statistical design was completely randomized, with five treatments and three replications, with a P value of 64.63%. Two types of fermented wines were analyzed: those from UV radiation-treated broth and the ones from untreated broth, consideration two treatments and 10 repetitions. The tests for acidity, alcohol percentage, and pH showed a P value higher than 0.05%. The cachaças produced with irradiated and non-irradiated sugarcane juice showed values in accordance with the current legislation. It was concluded that the physical and chemical characteristics of the sugarcane juice was influenced for the action of the U.V. radiation on the cane juice microorganisms. Only a small amount of microorganisms were eliminated, what demonstrates that ultraviolet radiation is not effective to eliminate the microbiota of sugarcane juice.

Prevalência de lesões cutâneas actínicas em pacientes com carcinoma basocelular do segmento cefálico: um estudo caso-controle / Prevalence of actinic skin lesions in patients with basal cell carcinoma of the head: a case-control study

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de lesões cutâneas actínicas em portadores de carcinoma basocelular do segmento cefálico. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido estudo tipo caso-controle. Os casos, constituídos por pacientes com carcinoma basocelular sólido, primário, menor que dois centímetros, no segmento cefálico; e controles, por pacientes com outras dermatoses. Foram analisadas variáveis constitucionais, comportamentais e lesões actínicas. RESULTADOS: Avaliaram-se 120 casos e 360 controles. Mílio facial (OR = 2,3), leucodermia puntacta de membros superiores (OR = 2,9) e cutis romboidalis nuchae (OR = 1,8) associaram-se à neoplasia independentemente das demais variáveis, sugerindo um fenótipo de risco. Houve ainda associação com fenótipos claros, genética familiar e exposição solar cumulativa. Queimadura solar, tabagismo e alcoolismo não foram identificados como fatores de risco. O uso de fotoprotetores não evidenciou proteção; porém, o grupo controle era composto por pacientes dermatológicos, aos quais são indicados fotoprotetores regularmente. CONCLUSÃO: Lesões actínicas foram mais prevalentes em portadores de carcinoma basocelular sólido do segmento cefálico que em controles, especialmente mílio, cutis romboidalis nuchae e leucodermia puntacta, independentemente dos demais fatores de risco conhecidos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of actinic skin lesions in patients with basal cell carcinoma of the head. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out. Cases were patients with primary, solid basal cell carcinoma of the head, less than two centimeters in diameter; and as controls, patients with other dermatoses. Constitutional and behavioral variables were analyzed, as well as actinic lesions. RESULTS: One hundred twenty cases and 360 controls were evaluated. Facial milia (OR = 2.3), leukoderma punctata of the upper limbs (OR = 2.9), and cutis rhomboidalis nuchae (OR = 1.8) were associated with neoplasms regardless of other variables, suggesting a risk phenotype. There was also association with light hair and eye color phenotypes, family genetics, and cumulative sun exposure. Sunburn, smoking, and alcoholism were not identified as risk factors. The use of sunscreens showed no evidence of protection; however, the control group consisted of dermatology patients who are often prescribed sunscreens. CONCLUSION: Actinic lesions were more prevalent in patients with solid basal cell carcinoma of the head than in controls, especially milia, cutis rhomboidalis nuchae, and leukoderma punctata, regardless of other known risk factors.