Aneurismas ventriculares en una población de pacientes con cardiomiopatía chagásica / Ventricular aneurysms in a chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy population

Resumen Antecedentes: Los pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas pueden desarrollar cardiomiopatía crónica (CChC); los aneurismas ventriculares son característicos de esta condición. Objetivo: Analizar una población de pacientes con CChC con aneurismas ventriculares, buscando asociaciones entre las variables sexo, edad, síntomas, fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI), tamaño de los aneurismas y presencia de arritmias ventriculares. Método: Los pacientes fueron valorados con historia clínica, electrocardiografía (ECG), radiología, ecocardiografía y Holter. Resultados: De 627 pacientes con CChC, 60 (9.6%) presentaron aneurismas (60%). Había una relación significativa entre edad mayor de 50 años y FEVI normal. El valor predictivo negativo de clase funcional I y ECG sin anomalías del QRS para detectar FEVI < 50% o taquicardia ventricular fue del 47.4%. No hubo relación significativa entre anomalías del QRS con FEVI < 50% ni taquicardia ventricular. Los aneurismas grandes estaban asociados a FEVI < 50%, pero no fueron predictores de taquicardia ventricular. No hubo asociación significativa entre volúmenes de fin de diástole del ventrículo izquierdo y FEVI o taquicardia ventricular; los pacientes en fase B1-2 no presentaron mayor riesgo de taquicardia ventricular que los de fase C-D. Conclusiones: En los pacientes con CChC se recomienda un estudio integral con ecocardiografía y Holter; el valor predictivo negativo de la clínica y del electrocardiograma es muy reducido.

Abstract Background: Chagas disease patients can develop chronic cardiomyopathy; ventricular aneurysms are characteristic of this condition. Objective: A population of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy with ventricular aneurysms was analyzed, looking for associations between variables sex, age, symptoms, left ventricular ejection fraction, size of aneurysms and presence of ventricular arrhythmias. Method: The patients were evaluated with a clinical history, electrocardiography, radiology, echocardiography and Holter. Results: Of 627 patients with CChC, 60 (9.6%) had aneurysms, 60%. There was a significant relationship between age older than 50 years and normal LVEF. The negative predictive value of Functional Class I and ECG without QRS abnormalities to detect LVEF < 50% or ventricular tachycardia was 47.4%. There was no significant relationship between QRS abnormalities with LVEF < 50% or ventricular tachycardia. Large aneurysms were associated with LVEF < 50% but were not predictive of ventricular tachycardia. There was no significant association between left ventricular end-diastole volumes and LVEF or ventricular tachycardia; patients in phase B1-2 did not present a greater risk of ventricular tachycardia than those in phase C-D. Conclusions: In patients with CHCC, a comprehensive study with ECO and Holter is recommended, the negative predictive value of the symptoms and the electrocardiogram is very low.

Manejo anestésico durante la cirugía para pseudoaneurisma ventricular izquierdo / Anesthetic management during surgery for left ventricular pseudoaneurysm

Resumen: Se informa la conducta anestésica de un caso de pseudoaneurisma ventricular izquierdo crónico secundario a complicación de infarto de miocardio transmural, complicación rara y casi siempre mortal. En este informe se describe el caso de una mujer de 60 años con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda a consecuencia de un infarto cardíaco ocurrido cinco meses atrás, que generó la complicación de la cual damos referencia. El manejo anestésico perioperatorio se logró al enfocarse en mantener una presión arterial estable para garantizar la perfusión cerebral y reducir el riesgo de ruptura completa del aneurisma hacia el espacio mediastinal.

Abstract: The anesthetic behavior of a case of chronic left ventricular pseudoaneurysm secondary to a complication of transmural myocardial infarction, a rare and almost always fatal complication, is reported. This report describes the case of a 60-year-old woman with acute heart failure, this is a consequence of a heart attack that occurred 5 months ago, which generated the complication of which we refer. Perioperative anesthetic management was achieved by focusing on maintaining a stable blood pressure to ensure cerebral perfusion and reduce the risk of complete rupture of the aneurysm into the mediastinal space.

Left ventricular aneurysm repair: off-pump linear plication versus on-pump patch plasty

Abstract Objective: The study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of simplified linear plication and classic patch plasty in patients with left ventricular aneurysm (LVA). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 282 patients undergoing LVA repair between 2006 and 2016. After propensity score matching, 45 pairs of patients receiving LVA surgery were divided into either a patch group (on-pump endoventricular patch plasty) or a plication group (off-pump linear plication). Then, their early surgical outcomes and long-term survival were compared in two matched groups. Results: The heart function improvement at discharge was similar in the two matched groups, while patients in the patch group more commonly suffered from low cardiac output syndrome (P=0.042) with higher proportion of intra-aortic balloon pumping assistance (P=0.034) than patients in the plication group. Compared with patients in the patch group, the patients in the plication group had shorter recovery times, regarding to mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.001, respectively). No significant difference was found in the long-term survival (P=0.62). Conclusions: Off-pump linear plication presented acceptable results in terms of early outcomes and long-term survival. For high-risk patients, the simplified LVA repair technique may be an option.

Three-dimensional echocardiography for predicting postoperative ventricular volumes after surgical ventricular reconstruction of left ventricular aneurysm: A case-based presentation.

Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) may have a role in predicting final left ventricular volumes and clinical response after the surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR) of left ventricular aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. Left ventricle final volumes can be calculated through "virtual aneurysmectomy." We present a patient with a huge ventricular dilation combined with myocardial dissection, localized wall rupture, and aneurysm of the left ventricular apex after acute myocardial infarction in which accurate predictions from 3DTTE suggest potential clinical value.

Avaliação da reserva funcional miocárdica em portadores de aneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo por ventriculografia radioisotópica. Resposta ao exercício isotônico / Radionuclide Ventriculography Assessment of Myocardial Functional Reserve in Patients With Left Ventricular Aneurysm. Response to Isotonic Exercise

PURPOSE: To evaluate global and regional left ventricular (LV) ejection fractions (EF) by radionuclide ventriculography in patients with LV aneurysm at rest and during isotonic exercise. METHODS: Twenty patients were studied by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during exercise. All patients had been submitted to cineangiography and showed LV aneurysm post myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Patients were divided according to LV EF in two groups: one with EF > or = 40 and the other with < 40 EF. Both groups showed normal response of global EF to exercise: mean rest EF was 40 +/- 14 and mean exercise EF was 45 +/- 14 (p < 0.01). When groups were considered separately, EF values showed the same behavior. Half of the patients showed normal response to exercise and the other half showed abnormal response. These changes were not associated with resting EF values, but were due to regional EF of lateral wall, that changed from 44 +/- 7 to 48 +/- 7 in the group of patients with normal LV EF response to stress and from 50 +/- 5 to 46 +/- 5 in those with abnormal response (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of regional ventricular EF by radionuclide ventriculography during exercise better discriminates functional reserve in patients with LV aneurysm than resting global EF. These findings could help the decision making of the therapeutic approach in this specific group of patients.

Objetivo - Avaliar a fração de ejeção (FE) global e segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), em portadores de aneurisma ventricular pelo uso da ventriculografia radioisotópica no repouso e ao exercício isotônico. Métodos - Foram estudados 20 pacientes através da ventriculografia radioisotópica em repouso e na vigência de exercício isotônico. Os pacientes tinham dingnóstico de aneurisma de VE pós-infarto do miocárdio à cineangiografia contrastada. Resultados - Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos segundo a FE global de VE no repouso: grupo com FE >40% e outro com FE <40%. Quando analisados os dois grupos em conjunto, a resposta da FE global ao esforço foi normal: média de FE no repouso 4014% e no esforço 4514% (p<0,01). Observou-se o mesmo comportamento das FE no esforço quando os 2 grupos foram analisados separadamente. Metade dos pacientes apresentou resposta normal da FE global de VE e na outra metade a resposta foi anormal. Este comportamento nao estava associado ao valor de repouso da FE global e deveu-se à resposta da FE regional da parede lateral ao exercício que passou de 447para 487% (p<0,01) no grupo com resposta normul e de 505 para 465% naqueles com resposta anormal (p<0,01). Conclusão - A avaliação da fração regional ventricular no esforço pela ventriculografia radioisotópica discrimina melhor a reserva funcional de portadores de aneurisma de VE do que a FE global de repouso e pode auxiliar na decisão terapêutica deste grupo de pacientes