Examining the relationship between the environmental impact of diet and child growth from a co-benefit perspective.

The adoption of diets that minimize both their environmental impacts and weight excess in children would be a major co-benefit for climate change mitigation. We evaluated the relationship between child diet-related environmental impact and anthropometric characteristics in an Italian birth cohort. The study involved 2127 children of the Piccolipiù birth cohort. At 4 years, their diet in the previous two months was assessed through a questionnaire, from which we derived individual: (i) diet-related daily greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), (ii) land use (LU), (iii) adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and (iv) red meat consumption. We related these variables with overweight and obesity, waist circumference, and height at 4 years using regression models adjusted for a priori selected confounders. Diet-related GHGE and LU had a positive weak association with overweight and obesity, with an odds ratio (OR) for the fourth vs. second quartile of 1.30 for both GHGE (95% confidence intervals -CI-: 0.96; 1.77) and LU (95% CI: 0.96-1.76). Both OR estimates increased after adjustment for energy intake. GHGE and LU were not associated with height, with the exception of shorter children in the first quartile. A high vs. low MD adherence was associated with an increase in height Z-score of 0.11 (95% CI 0.01; 0.21). No association was found for red meat consumption. These results suggest that lowering the impact of high environmental impact diets may have, if anything, beneficial effects on child obesity, overweight, and height, with pro-MD patterns playing an important role.

High glycemia and resistin normalized in children with double burden of malnutrition: a cross-sectional study.

The coexistence of stunting and excess weight in the same individual is defined as a double burden of malnutrition (DBM) and is associated with noncommunicable diseases. In this study, we evaluated the impact of DBM on adipokine concentrations and metabolic profiles in children compared with weight excess alone. Children were allocated to the weight excess group (n = 23) (height-for-age (HAZ) > 0.0 and < 2.0 Z-score and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) > 1.0 Z-score) or DBM (n = 22) group (HAZ < -1.0 Z-score (including mild stunting) and BMI/A > 1.0 Z-score). Lipid, glycemic profile, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were analyzed. Glycemia was significantly higher in the DBM group compared to the weight excess group (5.05 (4.76-5.31) mmol/L vs. 4.57 (4.35-4.81) mmol/L), although no differences were found in insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Adipokine concentrations did not differ between the groups. However, the DBM group showed higher resistin concentrations normalized by body fat mass than those of the weight excess group (1.44 (0.98-1.93) ng/mL vs. 0.76 (0.55-1.45) ng/mL). Insulin and HOMA-IR showed a negative correlation with adiponectin (r = -0.590 and -0.624, respectively, both p < 0.01). DBM was associated with increased glucose and resistin concentrations adjusted by fat mass compared to that associated with excess weight alone. Therefore, this association between mild stunting and weight excess has deleterious potential for long-term metabolic function, highlighting an additional precaution against weight gain in children, especially in those with stunting.

Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity: Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery.

The aim of this study was to monitor the impact of a preoperative low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery on the bacterial gut microbiota composition and functionality in severe obesity and to compare sleeve gastrectomy (SG) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study also aimed to incorporate big data analysis for the omics results and machine learning by a Lasso-based analysis to detect the potential markers for excess weight loss. Forty patients who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited (14 underwent SG, and 26 underwent RYGB). Each participant contributed 4 fecal samples (baseline, post-diet, 1 month after surgery and 3 months after surgery). The bacterial composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing using MiSeq (Illumina). Metabolic signatures associated to fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, gamma-aminobutyric acid and ammonium were determined by gas and liquid chromatography. Orange 3 software was employed to correlate the variables, and a Lasso analysis was employed to predict the weight loss at the baseline samples. A correlation between Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) abundance and excess weight was observed only for the highest body mass indexes. The low-calorie diet had little impact on composition and targeted metabolic activity. RYGB had a deeper impact on bacterial composition and putrefactive metabolism than SG, although the excess weight loss was comparable in the two groups. Significantly higher ammonium concentrations were detected in the feces of the RYGB group. We detected individual signatures of composition and functionality, rather than a gut microbiota characteristic of severe obesity, with opposing tendencies for almost all measured variables in the two surgical approaches. The gut microbiota of the baseline samples was not useful for predicting excess weight loss after the bariatric process.

The Effects of Sex and Body Weight on Renal Graft Function-The Role of CCL2.

There are reports on the effects of excessive recipient body weight on renal graft function. Increased CCL2 (chemokine CC-mortif ligand 2) production is observed in patients with excessive body weight. CCL2 also exacerbates the inflammatory process in the renal graft. A total of 49 renal graft recipients of both sexes having undergone renal biopsy within the last 18 months were retrospectively reviewed. At their most recent appointment the patients' plasma concentrations of CCL2 were evaluated. Renal function was assessed retrospectively. CCL2 concentrations were higher in men than women (p < 0.047), while higher CCL2 levels were associated with a decrease in eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) during the first year post Tx (kidney transplantation). CCL2 negatively correlated with eGFR at 5 years (R = -0.45, p < 0.040997) and positively correlated with the degree of tubular atrophy in renal biopsy specimens (R = 0.43, p < 0.027293) and with systolic pressure. Men showed significantly higher BMI (body mass index) values at the time of Tx and at their last appointment than women did (p < 0.000403; p < 0.000613, respectively). Men showed poorer long-term renal graft function, with significantly lower eGFR values at 4 and 5 years into the post-transplantation period. The male sex and excessive body weight have adverse effects on short- and long-term renal graft function, which is associated with increased levels of CCL2.

Role of skeletal muscle perfusion and insulin resistance in the effect of dietary sodium on heart function in overweight.

AIMS: Weight excess and insulin resistance predispose to heart failure. High sodium consumption may contribute to the development of cardiac impairment in insulin-resistant individuals by promoting inadequate skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion response to insulin. We sought to investigate the association of dietary sodium reduction with muscle perfusion, insulin sensitivity, and cardiac function in overweight/obese insulin-resistant (O-IR) normotensive subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty O-IR individuals with higher than recommended sodium intake were randomized to usual or reduced sodium diet for 8 weeks; 25 lean, healthy subjects served as controls for pre-intervention measurements. Echocardiography and muscle perfusion were performed during fasting and under stable euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp conditions. O-IR patients demonstrated subclinical cardiac dysfunction as evidenced by lower left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), e' tissue velocity, and left atrial strain and reduced muscle perfusion. The intervention arm showed improvements in insulin resistance [glucose infusion rate (GIR)], GLS, e', atrial strain, and muscle perfusion in fasting conditions, as well as improved responses of GLS and muscle perfusion to insulin during clamp. Significant interactions were found between the allocation to low-salt diet and improvement in muscle perfusion on change in GIR at follow-up (P = 0.030), and between improvement in muscle perfusion and change in GIR on change in GLS response to insulin at follow-up (P = 0.026). Mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between the reduction of sodium intake and improvement in GLS was mediated by improvements in muscle perfusion and GIR (decrease in beta coefficient from -0.29 to -0.16 after the inclusion of mediator variables to the model). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of dietary sodium in the normotensive O-IR population improves cardiac function, and this effect may be associated with the concomitant improvements in skeletal muscle perfusion and insulin resistance. These findings might contribute to refining heart failure preventive strategies.

Índice de masa corporal elevado y la predicción de disglucemias / High body mass index and dysglycaemia´s prediction

Introducción: La obesidad constituye un importante factor de riesgo independiente para el desarrollo de las disglucemias. A través del índice de masa corporal es posible hacer un diagnóstico rápido del exceso ponderal. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre el índice de masa corporal elevado y la predicción de las disglucemias. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura relevante sobre el tema en el primer trimestre de 2019. Se utilizaron como buscadores de información científica a Pubmed, SciELO y Google Académico. La estrategia de búsqueda incluyó los siguientes términos como palabras clave: "obesidad", "sobrepeso corporal", "índice de masa corporal", "exceso de peso", "disglucemias". Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas Web que, en general, tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, y que hicieran referencia específicamente al tema de estudio a través del título. Fueron excluidos los artículos que no cumplieron con estas condiciones. Esto permitió el estudio de 80 referencias bibliográficas, de las cuales 55 se citaron en el presente artículo. Conclusiones: El índice de masa corporal elevado incrementa la resistencia a la acción de la insulina preexistente, a través de diferentes mecanismos. Esto facilita el deterioro del metabolismo de los carbohidratos con la posible aparición de las disglucemias. El empleo de esta relación y de puntos de cortes validados para nuestra población, permitiría un diagnóstico rápido del exceso ponderal y la predicción de una de sus importantes consecuencias, las disglucemias(AU)

Introduction: Obesity is an important independent risk factor for the development of dysglycaemia. A rapid diagnosis of weight excess can be made through the body mass index. Objective: Describe the relationship between high body mass index and prediction of dysglycaemias. Method: A search for relevant literature on the subject was conducted in the first quarter of 2019. Pubmed, SciELO and Google Academic were used as scientific information searchers. The search strategy included the following terms as keywords: "obesity", "body overweight", "body mass index", "excess weight", "dysglycaemias". Review articles, research articles and web pages were evaluated, generally with less than 10 years old, in Spanish, Portuguese and English languages, and specifically referencing the subject of study through the title. Items that did not meet these conditions were excluded. This allowed the study of 80 bibliographic references, of which 55 were cited in this article. Conclusions: The high body mass index increases the resistance to the action of pre-existing insulin, through different mechanisms. This facilitates the deterioration of carbohydrates metabolism with the possible onset of dysglycaemia. The use of this relationship and of validated cut-off points for our population would allow a rapid diagnosis of weight excess and the prediction of one of its important consequences: dysglycaemias(AU)

Changes in Thyroid and Glycemic Status and Food Intake in Children with Excess Weight Who Were Submitted for a Multi-Component School Intervention for 16 Months.

We investigated if children with excess weight who submitted to two types of intervention at school for 16 months showed improvements in thyroid and glycemic function and food intake. Children (8-11 years) with a body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) of ≥1 Z score were divided into two groups: Treatment 1 (n = 73) involved motivation to adopt healthier lifestyle; Treatment 2 (n = 103) involved performing weekly nutritional education, motivational, and physical activities at school. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used. The delta BMI/A were similar after 16 months; Treatment 1 showed higher decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; median (range)): -0.45 (-3.19 to 2.17) and 0.06 (-4.57 to 1.63) mIU/L, p = 0.001), FreeT3 (-0.46 (-2.92 to 1.54) and -0.15 (-2.46 to 1.38) pmol/L, p = 0.038), and FreeT4 -1.41 (-6.18 to 3.47) and -0.90 (-4.89 to 2.96) pmol/L, p = 0.018), followed by decrease in energy intake (7304 (6806 to 7840) and 8267 (7739 to 8832) kJ, Ptreatment = 0.439, Ptime <0.001, interaction group-time p < 0.001), macronutrients and sugar. A positive correlation between FreeT3 and BMI/A, and a negative correlation with FreeT4 and insulin were found at baseline (r 0.212, p < 0.01; r -0.155, p < 0.01, respectively) and follow-up (r 0.222, p < 0.01; r -0.221, p < 0.01). The decrease in overall diet and particularly sugar intake was accompanied by a greater reduction in TSH and FreeT3 in Treatment 1, demonstrating the impact of dietary intake on thyroid function.

Is mini-nutritional assessment a reliable tool in detecting malnutrition in elderly with body weight excess?

PURPOSE: The rising proportion of elderly population in high-income societies has resulted in increasing number of subjects with chronic disabling diseases and nutritional deficiency. Elderly's nutritional status is usually assessed through the mini-nutritional assessment (MNA®). However, its effectiveness may be influenced by weight excess or obesity. We tested the performance of MNA® questionnaire in subjects aged ≥ 65 years from Northern Sardinia, Italy, according to overweight/obesity, and we tried to identify the factors associated with malnutrition. METHODS: A modified version of MNA® (mMNA) test, not including BMI, was compared with the conventional MNA® (cMNA) test, and the overall test performance was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. In addition, indexes of cognitive health, disability, comorbidity and polypharmacy were compared between patients with concordant and discordant MNA tests. RESULTS: cMNA® sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 67%, 99% and 84% compared with the mMNA test, due to malnourished patients misclassified as normal because of excess weight. Predictors of malnutrition were: depression (p < 0.0001), disability (p < 0.0001) and polypharmacy (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, the average scores of the "global", "subjective" and "dietary" components of the cMNA®, were significantly lower compared with the corresponding scores of the mMNA. CONCLUSIONS: Excess of weight, a condition progressively rising in the elderly population, may reduce the performance of cMNA® test in detecting malnutrition. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case‒control analytic study.

Effects of glucose ingestion on circulating inflammatory mediators: Influence of sex and weight excess.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Low-grade chronic inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. However, little is known about the influence of sex and sex hormones on surrogate inflammatory markers and mediators, particularly after glucose ingestion. DESIGN: Observational study. METHODS: We measured the circulating concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-18, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, matrix metallopeptidase-9, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and pentraxin-3, in the fasting state and during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, in 24 women and 25 men. Eleven men and 11 women were lean whereas 14 men and 13 women had weight excess. RESULTS: Anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-18) were increased in the fasting state and/or decreased in some women during the oral glucose tolerance test, as opposed to inflammatory mediators such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor and matrix metallopeptidase-9 that increased during the oral glucose tolerance test especially in subjects with weight excess. Body mass index and waist circumference were the main determinants of these changes. Fasting pentraxin-3 levels were especially increased in lean women in parallel to a decrease in free testosterone levels, and decreased during the oral glucose tolerance test as opposed to the increase in insulin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The circulating concentrations of markers of low-grade chronic inflammation in young healthy adults are not only influenced by obesity but also by abdominal adiposity, fasting and glucose ingestion and, in some cases, by sex and sex hormones. These influences should be considered when these markers are used as surrogate markers of the inflammatory milieu associated with obesity.

Hipotiroidismo subclínico en mujeres adultas atendidas por exceso de peso corporal / Subclinical hypothyroidism in adult women with excessive body weight

Introducción: El hipotiroidismo subclínico se asocia a incremento del peso corporal y a obesidad. Se desconoce el comportamiento del fenómeno en mujeres adultas atendidas por exceso de peso corporal. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico, y su relación con el exceso de peso corporal en mujeres adultas atendidas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con 45 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, atendidas en el servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Dr. Salvador Allende, de abril a diciembre de 2013. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura, hormona estimulante del tiroides, hormonas tiroideas T4 y T3 libre. Se determinó la mediana, máximo y mínimo de las variables. Se determinó la asociación entre variables (coeficiente de correlación de Pearson). Resultados: la mediana fue: edad 39 años, índice de masa corporal 34,6 kg/m2, circunferencia de cintura 106,0 cm, hormona estimulante del tiroides 1,6 mUI/L, T4 90,0 nmol/L y T3 libre 3,4 pmol/L; la frecuencia del hipotiroidismo subclínico fue 11,1 por ciento. Se observó correlación positiva de los valores de hormona estimulante del tiroides, con el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de cintura (r= 0,378 y r= 0,236, respectivamente). Conclusiones: la presencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico se considera elevada en mujeres adultas con exceso de peso corporal, y el incremento de los valores de hormona estimulante del tiroides se asocia al aumento del índice de masa corporal y de la circunferencia de cintura en la muestra estudiada(AU)

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated to the increase of body weight and obesity. The behavior of this illness in adult women, who are seen by a doctor due to excessive body weight, is unknown.Objective: to determine the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism and its relationship with excessive body weight in adult women under medical control.Methods: descriptive and cross-sectional study of 45 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were attended to at the endocrinology service of Dr. Salvador Allende hospital from April to December 2013. The variables were age, weight, size, body mass index, waist circumference, thyroid-stimulating hormone, T4 and free T3 thyroid hormones. Median and maximum and minimum values of variables were determined as well as the association of variables (Pearson's correlation coefficient). Results: median was 39 years of age, body mass index of 34.6 kg/m2, waist circumference equal to 106 cm, thyroid-stimulating hormone of 1.6 mUI/L, T4= 90 nmol/L and free T3= 3.4 pmol/L; the subclinical hypothyroidism was 11.1 percent. There was positive correlation of thyroid-stimulating hormone values with the body mass index and the waist circumference (r= 0.378 and r= 0.236, respectively). Conclusions: subclinical hypothyroidism was considered high in adult women with body weight excess and the increase of thyroid-stimulating hormone is associated to a rise of body mass index and of waist circumference values in the studied sample(AU)

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Brazilian Xavante indigenous population.

BACKGROUND: The raising prevalence of weight excess and of non-communicable diseases in indigenous populations, as well as changes in food consumption and reduction in the frequency and intensity of physical activity, suggest that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is also elevated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MS and the frequency of its components in the Xavante adult population living in the Indian reservations of São Marcos and Sangradouro/Volta Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 932 Xavante Indians aged 20 years or more, in the 2008-2012 period. The variables analysed were gender, age, weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, initial and 2-h capillary glycemia in a 75 g OGTT, levels of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. The diagnostic criteria for MS proposed by the IDF and AHA/NHLBI were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 66.1 % (95 % CI 63.0-69.2), being 76.2 % (95 % CI 72.4-80.0) in women and 55.6 % (95 % CI 51.0-60.2) in men. Women had higher prevalence of MS in all age groups. Elevated waist circumference and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol were the more frequent components in those with MS, and elevated blood pressure was the less frequent. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of MS in the Xavante Indians is mainly due to the increased prevalence of weight excess that resulted from an intense change in their life-style, in a short period of time in a population with a genetic predisposition. These findings highlight the magnitude of this health problem and make an alert about the necessity to implement specific preventive interventions.

The risk of metabolic syndrome after gestational diabetes mellitus - a hospital-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) after delivery. Recently, the prevalence of both GDM and MetS has increased worldwide, in parallel with obesity. We investigated whether the presentation of MetS and its clinical features among women with previous GDM differs from that among those with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, and whether excess body weight affects the results. METHODS: This hospital-based study of two cohorts was performed in Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Finland. 120 women with a history of GDM and 120 women with a history of normal glucose metabolism during pregnancy, all aged between 25 and 46 were enrolled. They all underwent physical examination and had baseline blood samples taken. All 240 women were also included in subgroup analyses to study the effect of excess body weight on the results. RESULTS: Although the groups did not differ in body mass index (BMI; p = 0.069), the risk of developing MetS after pregnancy complicated by GDM was significantly higher than after normal pregnancy, 19 vs. 8 cases (p  =  0.039). Fasting glucose (p < 0.001) and triglyceride levels (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in women affected. In subgroup analysis, cardiovascular risk factors were more common in participants with high BMI than in those with previous gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of MetS was 2.4-fold higher after GDM than after normal pregnancy. Cardiovascular risk factors were more common in participants with high BMI than in those with previous GDM. Multivariate analysis supported the main findings. Weight control is important in preventing MetS after delivery.

Fatores comportamentais associados ao sobrepeso e à obesidade em escolares do Estado de Santa Catarina / Behavioral factors associated with overweight and with obesity in students in the State of Santa Catarina / /Factores de comportamiento asociados al sobrepeso y a la obesidad en escolares del Estado de Santa Catarina

Foi realizado estudo transversal com 4.964 escolares do ensino fundamental do Estado de Santa Catarina para verificar associação entre as variáveis socioeconômicas e de atividade física com o sobrepeso e a obesidade, estes últimos diagnosticados a partir do índice de massa Corporal (ImC). Foram estimadas, por ponto e por intervalo com 95% de confiança, as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade, variáveis de desfecho. As razões de prevalência foram obtidas pelo modelo de Poisson e ajustadas à renda familiar per capita, escolaridade dos pais, sexo e idade da criança. As prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade foram 15,4% e 6,1%, respectivamente, semelhantes entre sexo e categorias de idade. Após ajuste, as variáveis associadas com sobrepeso e obesidade foram: frequência semanal de esportes; número de horas sono/noite; e horas/dia no computador (fim de semana). Reduzida prática de esportes, menor duração de sono/noite e mais tempo no computador associam-se com sobrepeso e obesidade nestes escolares.

A cross-sectional study with 4,964 elementary school students of the State of Santa Catarina was performed to check for the association of socioeconomic variables and exercise with overweight or obesity, the two latter diagnosed by the Body Mass Index (BMI). The outcome variables, overweight and obesity, were estimated by point prevalence and 95% confidence intervals. Prevalence ratios were obtained by the Poisson model and adjusted to per capita family income, parents ´ schooling, child´s gender and age. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 15.4% and 6.1%, respectively, similar between gender and age categories. After adjustments, variables associated with overweight and obesity were: weekly frequency of practicing sports; number of hours of sleep/night; and hours/day on the computer (weekends). Less sports practice, less hours of sleep/night and more time on the computer were associated with overweight or obesity in the students studied.

Se realizó un estudio transversal con 4.964 escolares de enseñanza fundamental del Estado de Santa Catarina para verificar la asociación entre las variables socioeconómicas y de actividad física, con el sobrepeso y la obesidad, estos últimos diagnosticados a partir del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Se estimaron como variables de resultados, por punto y por intervalo con un 95% de confianza, las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad. Las razones de prevalencia se obtuvieron por el modelo de Poisson y se ajustaron a la renta familiar per capita, escolaridad de los padres, sexo y edad del niño. Las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad fueron 15,4% y 6,1%, respectivamente, semejantes entre sexo y categorías de edad. Tras el ajuste, las variables asociadas con el sobrepeso y obesidad fueron: frecuencia semanal de deportes; número de horas de sueño/noche; y horas/día en el ordenador (fin de semana). Reducida práctica de deportes, menor duración de sueño/noche y más tiempo frente al ordenador se asocian con el sobrepeso y obesidad en estos escolares.

Excesso de peso em motoristas de ônibus da rede urbana / Excessive weight in urban bus drivers

Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso em motoristas de ônibus da rede urbana de Joinville-SC e identificar possíveis fatores associados. Os dados foram coletados nos períodos matutino, vespertino e noturno, de junho a novembro de 2009, nos pontos terminais da cidade. Participaram do estudo 306 motoristas, a maior parte (73,2%) classificada como excesso de peso, principalmente sobrepeso (48,7%). Cerca de um terço (28,8%) apresentou risco substancialmente aumentado de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares e complicações metabólicas utilizando-se a Circunferência da Cintura (CC) como variável preditiva. A freqüência relativa aumentou para 41,5% quando utilizou-se a Relação Cintura-Quadril (RCQ) como variável preditiva para o mesmo risco. A prevalência de obesidade aumentou significativamente com a idade, chegando a 39,0% nos indivíduos com 50 ou mais anos de idade. Para esta faixa etária, a razão de prevalência de obesidade foi 2,79 vezes maior em relação aos motoristas com idade inferior ou igual a 29 anos. Tanto para excesso de peso como para obesidade as variáveis anos de estudo, estado civil, tabagismo, carga horária diária, pausas de 1 hora na jornada, tempo de trabalho na empresa e nível de atividade física não apresentaram significância estatística. A partir dos achados desse estudo as empresas de transporte urbano coletivo têm a justificativa para desenvolverem programas que incentivem o estabelecimento de um estilo de vida saudável para seus funcionários.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight among urban bus drivers of Joinville-SC and identify possible associated factors. The data was collected in the morning, afternoon and evening, from June to November 2009, at the final bus station of the city. Tree hundred and six drivers participated in the study, most (73.2%) classified as overweight, particularly overweight (48.7%). About one third (28.8%) had substantially increased risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic complications using the Waist Circumference (WC) as predictive variable. The relative frequency increased to 41.5% when the Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) was used as predictive variable for the same risk. The prevalence of obesity increased significantly with age, reaching 39.0% in those who were 50 years old or over. For this age group, the prevalence ratio of obesity was 2.79 times greater than for drivers aged less than or equal to 29 years. For either overweight and obesity the variables years of education, marital status, smoking, daily working hours, breaks of 1 hour in the journey, working time in the same company and level of physical activity were not statistically significant. From the findings of this study, the urban transport companies have the justification to develop programs that encourage the establishment of a healthy lifestyle for its employees.

Influência da adiposidade corporal sobre a aptidão cardiorrespiratória em mulheres idosas / Influence of body adiposity on cardiopulmonary fitness in older women

Alterações fisiológicas são observadas no avançar da idade. Junto a estas modificações, a inatividade física passa ser considerada como um agravante no surgimento de doenças e no acúmulo deadiposidade corporal. O acúmulo de gordura pode ser determinante no rendimento motor. A partir disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi observar a influência da adiposidade corporal na aptidão cardiorrespiratória em indivíduos idosos do sexo feminino. A amostra foi composta por 256 mulheres, participantes de programas de exercícios físicos, com idade entre 60,0 e 69,8 (64,3 ±2,84), residentes das cidades de Presidente Prudente-SP e Uberaba-MG –Brasil. Foram mensurados os valores de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Razão Cintura e Quadril (RCQ), Índice de Conicidade (IC) e da Razão entre Cintura/Estatura (RCEst). A obtenção dos valores de Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória (AC) foi realizada por meio do Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos (TC6M). A análise estatística foi obtida após o agrupamento das variáveis a partir do percentil 50. A razão de chance foi obtida pelo testes exato de ”Ficher”, com o software R. A associação entre as variáveis foi calculada com o teste do Qui-quadrado, com Software SPSS 10.0. Todos os valores estatísticos foram estabelecidos com índice de significância de p=0,005. Foi observado que, o grupo de mulheres classificadas como baixo desempenho, apresentaram em média 2.0 vezes mais chances de possuir maiores valores de indicadores antropométricos. Desta forma, é possível concluir que a AC é negativamente influenciada pela adiposidade corporal.

Physiological changes are observed when people get old. With it, physical inactivity is considered an aggravating on emergence diseases and body adiposity’s accumulation. Fat’s accumulation can be determinant on motor performance. Then, the objective of the present study was observed bodyadiposity’s influence on cardiorespiratory fitness in female old individuals. The sample was composed by 256 women, physical exercises programs’ participants, age between 60,0 and 69,8 (64,3 ±2,84), lived inPresidente Prudente-SP and Uberaba-MG –Brazil’s cities. Were measured values about Body Mass Index (BMI), And waist: hip ratio (WHR), Conicity index (CI) and Ratio of waist/height (WHeR). Cardiorespiratory fitness (AC)’s results were realized by Test six-minute walk (6MWT). Statisticalanalysis were obtained after variables’ grouping from 50 percent. Chance’s rate was getting by ”Ficher” exact test, with software R. The association among variables was calculated with Qui-quadrado’s test, with Software SPSS 10.0. All the statistical values were established with significance index of p=0,005. Was observed that, women group classified as low performance, were average 2.0 times more chances ofhighest anthropometric rates values. This way, is possible to conclude that the AC is negatively influenced by body adiposity.