Effect of whole-body vibration stimulation on plasma soluble TNF receptors in elderly with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Sarcopenia is a pathology resulting from a progressive and severe loss of muscle mass, strength, and function in the course of aging, which has deleterious consequences on quality of life. Among the most widespread studies on the issue are those focused on the effect of different types of physical exercise on patients with sarcopenia. This randomized controlled study aimed to compare the effects of a whole-body vibration exercise (WBV) session on the inflammatory parameters of non-sarcopenic (NSG, n=22) and sarcopenic elderly (SG, n=22). NSG and SG participants were randomly divided into two protocols: intervention (squat with WBV) and control (squat without WBV). After a one-week washout period, participants switched protocols, so that everyone performed both protocols. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA) and function through the six-minute walk test (6MWD) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and measured before and immediately after each protocol. After exercise with WBV, there was an increase in sTNFR2 levels in the NSG (P<0.01; d=-0.69 (-1.30; -0.08) and SG (P<0.01, d=-0.95 (-1.57; -0.32) groups. In conclusion, an acute session of WBV influenced sTNFr2 levels, with sarcopenic individuals showing a greater effect. This suggested that WBV had a more pronounced impact on sTNFr2 in those with loss of muscle strength and/or physical performance. Additionally, WBV is gaining recognition as an efficient strategy for those with persistent health issues.

Long-Term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Hind Limb Muscles, Gait and Pain in Lame Dogs with Borderline-to-Severe Hip Dysplasia-A Pilot Study.

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) on hind limb muscles, gait and pain in lame dogs with borderline-to-severe hip dysplasia. Ten lame client-owned dogs with borderline-to-severe hip dysplasia, aged from 1.5 to 9.0 years and weighing 14.5 to 53.0 kg, were enrolled. The WBV training program consisted of 15 min sessions three times weekly for 16 weeks. Muscles of the hind limbs were evaluated using measurements of thigh circumference, the cross-sectional thickness of selected hind limb muscles by ultrasound assessment, and vastus lateralis muscle activity determined by surface electromyography (EMG). Lameness and clinical signs of pain were assessed by visual lameness scoring, orthopedic examination and an owner-based questionnaire. Kinetic analysis was performed by using a pressure-sensitive walkway. Manual thigh circumference measurements of both hind limbs showed significant increases over the trial period with a greater degree of change observed after week 8. Ultrasound measurements of the left gluteal muscles and the quadriceps femoris muscles of both hind limbs showed significant increases in the cross-section thickness post WBV. Owner's perception of pain also showed a decrease in signs of pain at week 12 and week 16 compared to baseline. Based on graphs of the EMG activity patterns of the vastus lateralis muscle, 65% of the hind limbs had an improvement after 48 WBV sessions when compared to pre-session patterns. However, no significant differences were observed in visual lameness evaluation and kinetic analysis. Therefore, further studies will help to better clarify the role of WBV in canine rehabilitation protocols.

Experimental Analysis of Passenger Comfort with Variable Preloaded Rear Springs on a Low-Cylinder Motorcycle.

The present study contains an experimental analysis of the vibratory response in a low-cylinder engine motorcycle at varying suspension preloads. Three different speed bumps of varying heights were used to subject the motorcycle to different vibrations. The analysis was carried out in three domains: time, frequency, and time-frequency. A triaxial accelerometer was used to measure the vibrations at the seat of the vehicle. The results indicated that the suspension system became more differentiated as the height of the bumps increased. However, for lower bumps, the action of the three spring preloads studied was quite similar. Quantitatively, only the higher bump showed a significant difference between the set preloads. The spectral distribution revealed that the frequency of interest was below 20 Hz for all the studied cases, which is in the same range of human body natural frequencies. The findings of this research can be utilized to enhance the design of low-cost motorcycles, thereby improving the safety and comfort of their drivers and passengers. This study constitutes a significant step towards developing an affordable system capable of gathering sufficient data to support the creation of evidence-based public health policies and propose new transport industry standards based on field measurements.

Effects of a Single Session of Systemic Vibratory Therapy on Flexibility, Perception of Exertion and Handgrip Strength in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Individuals: A Quasi-Experimental Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Whole-body vibration exercises (WBVE), that are generated in systemic vibratory therapy (SVT), may benefit individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study evaluated acute effects of SVT on the flexibility, on the perception of exertion to perform the anterior trunk flexion (ATF), and on the handgrip strength (HG). METHODS: Thirty-eight individuals, separated into two groups, performed a single session of SVT (five bouts, 25 Hz, 2.5 of amplitude) on a side-alternating vibrating platform (SAVP), in two postures: sitting (Sitting group-SitG, n = 21) or standing (Stand group-StandG, n = 17). In both positions, the feet were on the base of the SAVP. The HG and the AFT were performed before and after the session, and the perception of effort (RPE) was measured during the ATF. RESULTS: The ATF in the SitG (p ≤ 0.05) and in the StandG (p ≤ 0.05) was significantly improved, but in the comparison between both groups, no significant reduction was found (p = 0.14). The RPE was not influenced by the session. A significant increase of the HG in StandG post session (33.49 ± 10.30 kgf) p = 0.03 was found, but not in the SitG (p = 0.12) or between the two groups (p = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: SVT, in a single acute session, would be capable of promoting some functional benefits for the COPD individuals without altering the perception of exertion to perform the ATF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: 49219115.3.0000.5259, RBR-72dqtm.

Whole-Body Vibration Exercise Improves the Functionality in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review.

Background: Menopause is a natural phase in a woman's aging process. Menopause leads to the decrease of the estrogen levels, and in consequence the functionality worsening. Physical exercise can improve the functionality of postmenopausal woman. This review aimed to assess the effect of whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) on the functionality of postmenopausal women. Methods: PRISMA guideline were used. Only English language were considered. Searches were conducted using relevant keywords for papers prior to Sep 16th, 2021, in Embase, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, PED-ro, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. Results: Eight articles were selected to be in this systematic review. The mean score of methodological quality was moderate, the risk of bias was low for two studies, high for four studies, and unclear for two studies. The level of evidence of the studies was II. Improvements on muscle strength, jump, balance and maximum trunk flexion strength in the post menopause woman were reported. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrated the functionality increase in postmenopausal women through WBVE. WBVE has been recommended as a non-pharmacological option relevant to postmenopausal management, helping to control the decline in bone density and symptoms related to osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, further studies are needed to reinforce these findings.

Whole-Body Vibration Training on Oxidative Stress Markers, Irisin Levels, and Body Composition in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

(1) Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance seem to be involved in fibromyalgia (FM) pathogenesis. The results of our previous studies suggest that whole-body vibration training (WBVT) would improve redox status markers, increase blood irisin levels, and ameliorate the body composition of women with FM. (2) Objective: The current study aimed to investigate WBVT on oxidative stress markers, plasma irisin levels, and body composition in women with FM. (3) Methods: Forty women with FM were randomized into WBVT or untrained (UN) groups. Before and after 6 weeks of WBVT, body composition was assessed by dual-energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA), and inflammatory marker activities were measured by enzymatic assay. (4) Results: Body composition, blood irisin levels, and oxidative stress markers were similar between UN and WBVT groups before the intervention. After 6 weeks of intervention, the WBVT group presented higher irisin levels (WBVT: 316.98 ± 109.24 mg·dL³, WBVT: 477.61 ± 267.92 mg·dL³, p = 0.01) and lower TBARS levels (UN: 0.39 ± 0.02 nmol MDA/mg protein, WBVT: 0.24 ± 0.06 nmol MDA/mg protein, p = 0.001) and visceral adipose tissue mass (UN: 1.37 ± 0.49 kg, WBVT: 0.69 ± 0.54 kg, p = 0.001) compared to the UN group. (5) Conclusions: Six weeks of WBVT improves blood redox status markers, increases irisin levels, and reduces visceral adipose tissue mass, favoring less cell damage and more outstanding oxidative balance in women with FM.

Effects of the Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Sleep Disorders, Body Temperature, Body Composition, Tone, and Clinical Parameters in a Child with Down Syndrome Who Underwent Total Atrioventricular Septal Defect Surgery: A Case-Report.

BACKGROUND: The health and developmental issues of people with Down syndrome (DS) are complex and are associated with many medical, psychological, and social problems from childhood through into adulthood. DS children have an increased risk of multiorgan comorbidities, including congenital heart disease. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a congenital heart malformation that often occurs in DS people. AIM: Physical activity and exercise are recommended for patients with cardiovascular disease and are considered to be the gold standard of cardiac rehabilitation. Whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) is considered a form of exercises. The aim of this case report is to show the effects of WBVE on sleep disturbances, body temperature, body composition, tone, and clinical parameters in a child with DS with corrected total AVSD. The subject is a 10-year-old girl, with free-type DS, who underwent surgery to correct a total AVSD at 6 months. She underwent periodic cardiological monitoring and was released to perform any type of physical exercise, including WBVE. WBVE improved sleep quality and body composition. CONCLUSION: WBVE leads to physiological effects that benefit the DS child.

Effects of whole-body vibration exercise in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical condition that promotes a decline in the overall health status of individuals affected, including parameters physical, functional, and psychosocial. This systematic review was conducted to assess effects of whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) in individuals with CKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was conducted electronic searches in Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science databases on May 2021. Records were identified and irrelevant studies were excluded based in eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Five studies were included with a mean methodological quality score of 9, considered high quality in PEDRo scale. The studies have shown that the WBVE intervention, when applied low intensity was well tolerated, and no adverse effects; was able to improve the motor performance and strength in frail people, which could benefit the prevention of falls events. However, did not improve the quality of life, and the heart rate variability; and not altered cardiorespiratory parameters. CONCLUSIONS: WBVE intervention promotes a better response in parameters of the motor performance and muscular strength, and interaction bone-muscle. Nevertheless, more studies are needed with this intervention to improve physiological responses, and to understand your recommendation to prevent and reduce the complications and symptoms of the CKD, promoting an active life to these patients. PROTOCOL STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42020203295).IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical condition that promotes a decline in the overall health status of individuals affected, including parameters physical, functional, and psychosocial.WBVE program possibility, of good acceptance, efficient as well tolerated by physically deconditioned patients who present difficulty to perform any type of exercise.WBVE protocol can promote changes in the patient with CKD lifestyle and benefits for this population because is an exercise without fatigue, impact, stress, or discomfort.

Inflammatory Biomarker Responses to Whole-Body Vibration in Subjects with Different Clinical Status: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is considered to be a vital defense mechanism for health, acting as a protective response of the immune system through a satisfactory inflammatory biomarker response (IBR). IBR, as well as being beneficial to the organism, can be also responsible for a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. Whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise is a type of physical exercise that can act on inflammation responses due its capacity for stimulating the sensory components that promote systemic responses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of WBV on IBR in different clinical status. METHODS: This is a systematic review that includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of WBV exercise on IBR. The methodological quality, risk of bias, and level of evidence were rated. RESULTS: Four RCTs met the selection criteria. The studies showed benefits associated with IBR (e.g., cytokines, adipokines, and C-reactive protein) in various clinical conditions, including healthy populations and some chronic diseases (such as obesity, aging disorders, and knee osteoarthritis), using several WBV protocols. CONCLUSIONS: WBV might be useful in the management of inflammatory conditions.

Whole-Body Vibration Associated with Strength Training on the Lower-Limb Blood Flow and Mobility in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Vascular endothelium insults caused by high serum glucose levels affect the oxygen supply to tissues, via the microvascular endothelium, resulting in an increased perfusion heterogeneity. These insults may lead to the underuse of blood capillaries, while other vessels are overused and effectively overload their oxygen supply capacity, which eventually causes damages to distal parts of the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the proprioceptive and exteroceptive feedback information will be gradually lost and contribute to a mobility reduction. This study aims to assess the efficacy of whole-body vibration (WBV) associated with strength training (ST) on lower-limb blood flow and mobility in older adults with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Methods and analyses: This is a protocol (1st version) for Pa single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial guided by the SPIRIT guidelines. Our sample will consist of 51 older adults with DM2 randomly allocated to three groups: low frequency WBV (16−26 Hz) associated to ST (G1), WBV sham (G2) and nonintervention control (G3). The study protocol is set for a 12-week (three times per week) schedule. Primary outcomes: skin temperature using infrared thermographic imaging (ITI); mean peripheral arterial blood flow velocity (MBF) by a handheld Doppler ultrasound (DU), and functional mobility by Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Secondary outcomes: quasi-static posture using the DX100 BTS Smart optoelectronic system, and plantar pressure and body balance using the MPS stabilometric platform. Data will be collected and analyzed at baseline and post-intervention, considering p-value < 0.05 level of significance. The analyses will also be conducted with an intention-to-treat method and effect size. Dissemination: All results will be published in peer-reviewed journals as well as presented in conferences.

Efeitos do treinamento físico de vibração de corpo inteiro nos níveis de força de membros inferiores em idosos / Efectos del entrenamiento con ejercicios de vibración de cuerpo entero en los niveles de fuerza de miembros inferiores de adultos mayores / Effects of whole-body vibration exercises on strength levels of lower limb on elderlies

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos do exercício de vibração de corpo inteiro sobre os níveis de força nos membros inferiores de idosos. A amostra foi composta por 15 homens fisicamente ativos (idade: 62,5 ± 2,62 anos). Foram realizadas oito semanas de treinamento com plataforma vibratória, com sessões de 20 minutos de vibração utilizando frequências crescentes de 15 a 30 Hz, com exposição de 30 segundos de vibração e 30 segundos de descanso. A cada dois minutos houve um aumento de frequência de 1 Hz. Os indivíduos foram instruídos a ficar em pé, com os pés afastados na largura dos ombros, joelhos flexionados a 130°, braços estendidos, segurando firmemente a máquina. O procedimento foi realizado duas vezes por semana com intervalo de um dia. A força foi avaliada usando um dinamômetro dorsal em exercícios de extensão de joelho e extensão de coluna lombar. Os testes de força foram realizados na quarta e oitava semana após a última sessão de treinamento. Resultados: Ao final de oito semanas, foi possível observar ganhos significativos de força nos músculos envolvidos no exercício de extensão do joelho (p = 0,01) e na extensão da coluna lombar (p = 0,031). Conclusão: observou-se que o treinamento com vibrações de corpo inteiro promoveu melhora nos níveis de força nos membros inferiores dos idosos participantes do estudo.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos del ejercicio de vibración de todo el cuerpo sobre los niveles de fuerza en los miembros inferiores de adultos mayores. La muestra estuvo formada por 15 hombres físicamente activos (edad: 62,5 ± 2,62 años). Se realizaron ocho semanas de entrenamiento con plataforma vibratoria, con sesiones de 20 minutos de vibración utilizando frecuencias crecientes de 15 a 30 Hz, con exposición de 30 segundos de vibración y 30 segundos de descanso. Cada dos minutos había un aumento de frecuencia de 1 Hz. Se indicó a los individuos que permanecieran de pie con los pies separados a la altura de los hombros, las rodillas flexionadas a 130º y los brazos extendidos sujetando firmemente los apoyamanos de la máquina. El procedimiento se realizó dos veces por semana con un intervalo de un día. La fuerza se evaluó mediante un dinamómetro dorsal en los ejercicios de extensión de rodilla y extensión de columna lumbar. Las pruebas de fuerza se realizaron en la cuarta y octava semana después de la última sesión de entrenamiento. Resultados: Al final de las ocho semanas, fue posible observar ganancias significativas en la fuerza en los músculos involucrados en el ejercicio de extensión de rodilla (p = 0,01) y en la extensión de columna lumbar (p = 0.031). Conclusión: se pudo observar que el entrenamiento con vibraciones de todo el cuerpo promovió una mejora en los niveles de fuerza en los miembros inferiores de los adultos mayores participantes del estudio.

ABSTRACT The present study was to analyze the effects of whole-body vibration exercise on strength levels in the lower limbs in elderly subjects. The sample consisted of 15 physically active individuals (62.5±2.62 years old). All volunteers were male gender. They were submitted to eight weeks of training with a vibrating platform were carried out, with sessions of 20 minutes of vibration using increasing frequencies from 15 to 30 Hz, with exposure of 30 seconds of vibration and 30 seconds of rest. Every two minutes there was an increase in the frequency of 1 Hz. The individuals were instructed to stay in the standing position with their feet shoulder-width apart, knees flexed at 130º, arms outstretched holding firmly on the machine's hand rests. The procedure was performed twice a week with an interval of one day. Strength was assessed using a dorsal dynamometer in the knee extension and lumbar spine extension exercises. Strength tests were performed in the fourth and eighth weeks after the last training session. Results: At the end of eight weeks, it was possible to observe significant gains in strength in the muscles involved in the knee extension exercise (p = 0.0001) and in the lumbar spine extension (p = 0.031) after the eight weeks of intervention. Conclusion: It was possible to observe that the whole-body vibration training promoted an improvement in the strength levels of the elderly participants in the study.

Efeito da vibração de corpo inteiro no paciente hospitalizado: revisão sistemática / Effect of whole body vibration on hospitalized patients: a systematic review

INTRODUÇÃO: O treinamento com vibração de corpo inteiro (WBV, do inglês Whole Body Vibration) foi recentemente proposto como um método de treinamento com potencial para melhorar a composição corporal e prevenir osteoporose e perda de massa óssea.18 Nos últimos anos, alguns estudos mostraram que o WBV pode ser um modo de treinamento benéfico na força, resistência física, atividades relacionadas à mobilidade (transferência, equilíbrio e caminhada) em pacientes com esclerose múltipla19, diabetes tipo 220, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica21 e receptores de transplante cardíaco.22 Torna-se relevante em razão ao alto impacto na funcionalidade e consequentemente qualidade de vida dos pacientes hospitalizados. OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da vibração de corpo inteiro no paciente hospitalizado. MÉTODOS: Revisão de ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados (ECR) e estudo piloto nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline e PEDro. As pesquisas nas bases de dados foram realizadas através de combinações (utilizando os conectores "AND" e "OR") através das estratégias de pesquisa PICOS pacientes hospitalizados, vibração de corpo inteiro, fisioterapia, e seus respectivos correlatos em inglês: "hospitalized patients", "whole body vibration", "physiotherapy". Utilizou-se a escala PEDro com o ponto de corte ≥5 para análise da qualidade metodológica. Os critérios de elegibilidade; incluiu pacientes adultos (com idade ≥18 anos); um desenho de ensaio clínico controlado randomizado e estudo piloto; pacientes que utilizaram a vibração de corpo inteiro no âmbito hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 6 artigos, publicados entre os anos 2014 e 2018, a terapia mostrou-se eficaz em pacientes hospitalizados, havendo significância em alguns desfechos TC6- 167,9 ± 117,46m para 263,45±22124,13m; p<0,001 e VEF1- 32,71 ±13,18% pred. para 3,71± 13,89%, entretanto não houve diferença estatística na PA e FC. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da vibração de corpo inteiro mostrou-se segura e viável em pacientes hospitalizados. O TC6 e o VEF1 apresentado em todos os artigos demonstraram significantes, entretanto não houve diferença estatística na PA e FC. Portanto, é necessário ensaios clínicos randomizados para investigar a eficácia e os efeitos adversos dessa terapia. Embora efeitos positivos tenham sido relatados, sugerimos outras investigações em maior escala com parâmetros controlados e protocolos bem elaborados.

INTRODUCTION: Whole Body Vibration (WBV) training was recently proposed as a training method with the potential to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis and bone loss.18 In recent years, some studies have shown that WBV can be a beneficial training mode in strength, physical endurance, mobilityrelated activities (transfer, balance, and walking) in patients with multiple sclerosis19, type 2 diabetes20, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease21, and recipients of heart transplantation.22 It becomes relevant due to the high impact on the functionality and consequently the quality of life of hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of whole-body vibration in hospitalized patients. METHODS: Review randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) and a pilot study in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and PEDro databases. The searches in the databases were carried out through combinations (using the "AND" and "OR" connectors) through the search strategies PICOS hospitalized patients, whole-body vibration, physiotherapy, and their respective counterparts in English: "hospitalized patients" "whole-body vibration," "physiotherapy. The PEDro scale with a cutoff point ≥5 was used to analyze the methodological quality. Eligibility criteria; included adult patients (aged ≥18 years); a randomized controlled clinical trial and pilot study design; patients who used whole-body vibration in the hospital setting. RESULTS: Six articles published between 2014 and 2018 were included. The therapy proved to be effective in hospitalized patients, with significance in some outcomes 6MWT- 167.9 ± 117.46m to 263.45 ±22124.13m; p<0.001 and FEV1-32.71 ±13.18% pred. for 3.71 ± 13.89%, however, there was no statistical difference in BP and HR. CONCLUSION: The use of whole-body vibration proved safe and viable in hospitalized patients. The 6MWT and FEV1 presented in all articles were significant. However, there was no statistical difference in BP and HR. Therefore, randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate this therapy's efficacy and adverse effects. Although positive effects have been reported, we suggest further investigations with controlled parameters and well-designed protocols on a larger scale.

The effect of whole-body vibration on public transportation passenger performance while typing on smartphones.

This study verified typing performance on smartphones of public transportation passengers using subjective assessments of comfort and difficulty and objective assessments of the number of errors and typing speed. Three frequency values (5, 10, and 15 Hz), two magnitudes (0.6 and 1.2 m/s2) and two types of operating systems (Android and IOS) were adopted. Tests without vibration were applied to analyse the residual effect of vibration. The results showed that vibration significantly influences comfort. The higher the frequency, the less errors and the faster the typing speed. In the magnitude analysis, the increase caused a greater number of errors and greater difficulty. In both assessments, the discomfort was proportional to the increase in frequency or magnitude and the number of errors was inversely proportional to the typing speed. Finally, the IOS operating system showed worse comfort when compared to Android, although no significant differences were observed for the objective assessment. Practitioner summary: Public transportation passengers are exposed to WBV while typing on smartphones. The results showed that vibration influences comfort, the number of errors and the typing speed. Therefore, manufacturers should be aware of the level of vibration that vehicles are exposed to in order to provide more performance to the user. Abbreviations: WBV: whole-body vibration; PID: proportional-integral-derivative; RMS: root mean square; HLM: hierarchical linear modeling; OLS: ordinary least squares; STH: seat-to-head.

Effect of whole-body vibration training on transcutaneous oxygen levels of the foot in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Whole body vibration (WBV) has been suggested as improving skin and blood flow. This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to WBV on levels of partial transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) in the foot of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) within the metabolic control goals. A block randomized, open, two-arm, parallel and controlled clinical trial was conducted. Participants recruited from the Center of Comprehensive Care for the Patient with Diabetes were assessed at the National Institute of Rehabilitation, Mexico City. Control group underwent multidisciplinary care for T2D; experimental group, in addition to the comprehensive diabetes care, was exposed to WBV through an exercise program, attending three times a week for a period of 3 months. TcPO2 was measured in the feet of the participants at baseline and after 12 weeks. A sample of 50 volunteers with recently-diagnosed T2D and similar baseline characteristics (demographic, cardiovascular risk, presence of diabetic polyneuropathy, and indicators of glycemic control and TcPO2) was recruited. The experimental group (n = 27) showed a mean value of 47.7 ± 6.1 mmHg in TcPO2, significantly higher (p = 0.028) than the 44.3 ± 7.5 mmHg of control group (n = 23), at the end of intervention. In conclusion, exposure to WBV promoted an increase and a significant 3 mmHg difference in the foot TcPO2 levels between those subjects with T2D that underwent the 12-week exercise program and those not exposed to the treatment.

Use of surface electromyography to evaluate effects of whole-body vibration exercises on neuromuscular activation and muscle strength in the elderly: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: Reduction of muscle strength and lean mass, increase in the risk of falls, higher mortality, and morbidity are observed in geriatric syndromes. Physical activity is an effective intervention in reducing signs and symptoms of geriatric syndromes. Whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) is an intervention with low cost and has been effective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of this systematic review aimed to determine the effects of WBVE on neuromuscular activation and muscle strength in the elderly. Searches in PubMed, Embase, Science direct, and Scopus databases were conducted. Six studies, that analyzed the use of surface electromyography evaluating effects of WBVE on neuromuscular activation and muscle strength in the elderly, published in English, were included. RESULTS: Six studies were included. One hundred forty-six individuals participated in the studies and 24 were males (16.43%), with an average age of 74.20 ± 7.66 years. Five publications were defined as "fair" methodological in the PEDro scale, the risk of bias was high and the risk of bias for non-randomized studies was moderate/high. In general, increased strength muscle was reported in the studies. CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggests that WBVE might promote desirable neuromuscular responses in healthy elderly. However, it is necessary to perform further studies to reinforce the reported findings.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe reduction in lean mass and consequent reduction in muscle strength are present in healthy elderly people and the whole-body vibration exercise can reduce or alleviate these symptoms caused by the geriatric syndrome.Whole-body vibration exercise is a training modality that increases neuromuscular activation and muscle strength.Surface electromyography is a useful tool for the evaluation of the neuromuscular activation of the muscle fibers.

Immediate Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Associated with Squatting Exercises on Hemodynamic Parameters in Sarcopenic Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Whole-body vibration (WBV) exercises have recently been introduced as a nonpharmacological therapeutic strategy for sarcopenic older people. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of WBV exercise on hemodynamic parameters in sarcopenic older people. Forty older people, divided into groups of nonsarcopenic (NSG = 20) and sarcopenic (SG = 20), participated in the study and were cross randomized into two interventions of eight sets of 40 s each, these being squatting with WBV and squatting without WBV. Heart rate (HR), peak heart rate (peak HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), double product (DP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and subjective perception of effort (SPE), were assessed at baseline, during, and after a single WBV session. The HR, peak HR, and DP variables were similar at baseline between groups. WBV exercise increased all the hemodynamic parameters both during and immediately after the intervention, in both groups (SG and NSG). The MAP values were similar at baseline between groups; however, in the NSG there was a significant increase during and immediately after the squatting with WBV intervention (p < 0.05). The HR behavior, in both groups, showed that there was an increase in HR after the first set of exercises with vibration and this increase was maintained until the final set. The absence of adverse effects of WBV exercise on the cardiovascular system and fatigue suggests this exercise modality is adequate and safe for sarcopenic older people.

Whole-body vibration therapy does not improve the peripheral nerve regeneration in experimental model.

OBJECTIVES: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is commonly used to improve motor function, balance and functional performance, but its effects on the body are not fully understood. The main objective was to evaluate the morphometric and functional effects of WBV in an experimental nerve regeneration model. METHODS: Wistar rats were submitted to unilateral sciatic nerve crush and treated with WBV (4-5 weeks), started at 3 or 10 days after injury. Functional performances were weekly assessed by sciatic functional index, horizontal ladder rung walking and narrow beam tests. Nerve histomorphometry analysis was assessed at the end of the protocol. RESULTS: Injured groups, sedentary and WBV started at 3 days, had similar functional deficits. WBV, regardless of the start time, did not alter the histomorphometry parameters in the regeneration process. CONCLUSIONS: The earlier therapy did not change the expected and natural recovery after the nerve lesion, but when the WBV starts later it seems to impair function parameter of recovery.

Respostas cardiopulmonares durante o exercício de agachamento dinâmico com e sem vibração de corpo inteiro em adolescentes / Cardiopulmonary responses during dynamic squatting exercise with and without wholebody vibration in adolescents

INTRODUÇÃO: A vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI) tem sido amplamente utilizada como recurso terapêutico na reabilitação pediátrica. Porém, as respostas cardiopulmonares ainda são desconhecidas nesta população. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a intensidade do exercício de agachamento dinâmico com e sem VCI em adolescentes saudáveis a fim de caracterizar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quase experimental. Vinte e cinco adolescentes (14,1 ± 1,7 anos), 10 meninas e 15 meninos, foram submetidos a avaliações do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e frequência cardíaca (FC) durante um protocolo de agachamento com e sem vibração. Os critérios de inclusão foram idade entre 12 e 18 anos, ambos os sexos, IMC normal. Os critérios de exclusão foram apresentar doenças neurológicas, ortopédicas, respiratórias, cardíacas e endócrinas crônicas ou agudas ou alguma contraindicação autorreferida para VCI (trombose venosa profunda, implantes metálicos, marca-passo, epilepsia, tumores, aneurisma ou arritmia). RESULTADOS: A VCI aumentou significativamente o VO2, FC e a percepção do esforço durante o agachamento quando comparado ao repouso e agachamento sem-VCI. VCI associada ao agachamento atingiu 24,7% do VO2máx e 56% da FCmáx prevista para a idade. Os indivíduos durante a VCI relataram esforço entre ligeiramente cansativo e cansativo em comparação com entre muito fácil e fácil no protocolo Sem-VCI. CONCLUSÃO: O agachamento associado à VCI foi considerado de intensidade leve e foi tolerado por adolescentes saudáveis. Este estudo forneceu resultados válidos desta modalidade de exercício e pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta para definir o consumo de energia gasto durante a prática deste tipo treinamento.

BACKGROUND: Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been widely used as a therapeutic resource in pediatric rehabilitation. However, the cardiopulmonary responses are still unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intensity of dynamic squatting exercise with and without WBV in healthy adolescents to characterize cardiorespiratory responses. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study. Twentyfive adolescents (14.1 ± 1.7 years), 10 girls and 15 boys, underwent into oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) assessments during a protocol of squatting with and without vibration. Inclusion criteria were age between 12 and 18 years old of both sexes, have normal weight according to BMI. Exclusion criteria were to present chronic or acute, neurological, orthopedic, respiratory, cardiac, and endocrine disease and no self-reported contraindication for WBV (i.e. deep vein thrombosis, metal implants, pacemaker, epilepsy, tumors, arterial aneurysm, or arrhythmia). RESULTS: WBV was able to significantly increase VO2, HR, and perceived exertion during squatting exercise when compared to rest and squatting without-WBV. WBV associated with squatting reached 24.7% of the VO2max and 56% of the HRmax predicted for the age. Subjects during WBV reported a perceived exertion score between somewhat hard and hard compared to between very light and light in the Without-WBV protocol. CONCLUSION: Squatting associated with WBV was considered a light-intensity exercise that can be tolerated by healthy adolescents. This study provided valid results of this training modality and could be used as a tool to define the energy consumption spent in this training modality.

Whole-body vibration promotes lipid mobilization in hypothalamic obesity rat.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on metabolic parameters using the monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) model of obesity. METHOD: MSG-obese rats that were exposed to WBV on a vibrating platform with 60 Hz frequency, 2 mm amplitude, three times/week, 10 min/day, during eight weeks (from postnatal day (PN) 80 to PN136). Blood glucose, creatine kinases (CK and CK-MB) and lipid profile through plasma and liver levels of lipids and lipoproteins were evaluated. Morphology and oxidative stress of adipose and hepatic tissues were further evaluated. RESULTS: When performing a WBV exercise, animals showed contrasting metabolic responses. Vibration Control group (CTL-WBV) presented a reduction in CK and liver triacylglycerol, an increase in glucose, lactate, total cholesterol, liver cholesterol, and LDL while MSG Vibration group (MSG-WBV) showed an increase in total triacylglycerol, VLDL, lactate, CK, liver cholesterol, additional liver lipid peroxidation and LDL, total cholesterol and CKMB reduction. CONCLUSION: Even although the MSG is a model of impacting injury, the metabolic demand of WBV exercise was able to induce mobilization of substrates, highlighting the lipid mobilization in obese animals, it should be used as a metabolic rehabilitation tool in patients with metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.