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(1) Background. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is indispensable for diagnosing cerebral aneurysms due to its superior imaging precision. However, optimizing X-ray parameters is crucial for accurate diagnosis, with X-ray tube settings significantly influencing image quality. Understanding the relationship between skull dimensions and X-ray parameters is pivotal for tailoring imaging protocols to individual patients. (2) Methods. A retrospective analysis of DSA data from a single center was conducted, involving 251 patients. Cephalometric measurements and statistical analyses were performed to assess correlations between skull dimensions and X-ray tube parameters (voltage and current). (3) Results. The study revealed significant correlations between skull dimensions and X-ray tube parameters, highlighting the importance of considering individual anatomical variations. Gender-based differences in X-ray parameters were observed, emphasizing the need for personalized imaging protocols. (4) Conclusions. Personalized approaches to DSA imaging, integrating individual anatomical variations and gender-specific differences, are essential for optimizing diagnostic outcomes. While this study provides valuable insights, further research across multiple centers and diverse imaging equipment is warranted to validate these findings.
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Objective To calculate the doses and their dose conversion coefficients for the personnel whose organs were under accidental exposure to three types of X-ray machines and two γ radiation sources, and to provide a simple method for rapid estimation of accidental doses. Methods The radiation source models of X-ray machines and two γ sources were established with the FLUKA simulation software and a Chinese reference voxel phantom was imported. The organ absorbed dose, dose conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and air Kerma, and conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and radiation source were calculated for a simulated scenario where the personnel were under antero-posterior exposure to radiation sources 1 meter away. Results For the lungs, heart, muscles, soft tissue, liver, skin, and brain, the conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and air Kerma was 0.30-1.19 (Gy/Gy). For X-ray machines, the conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and output for the six organs ranged from 6.12 × 10−3 to 2.90 × 10−2 Gy·m2/(mA·min). For γ radiation sources, the conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and activity for the six organs ranged from 1.12 × 10−8 to 7.01 × 10−8 Gy·m2/(GBq·s). Conclusion The conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and air Kerma and the conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and output or activity of a flaw detector can provide important dosimetric parameters for rapid assessment of similar radiation accidents.
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Objectives: To explore the curative effect of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) technology combined with locking compression plates (LCP) guided by C-arm X-ray machine in the treatment of tibial metaphyseal fracture and its impact on the surgical indexes and postoperative complications. Methods: The present study was a retrospective analysis focusing on the clinical data of 104 cases of tibial metaphyseal fracture who were treated surgically in our hospital from February 2019 to February 2021. According to different surgical methods, patients who were treated by using MIPPO technology combined with LCP guided by C-arm X-ray machine were divided into the observation group (n=54), while those who underwent traditional open reduction and internal fixation were classified into the control group (n=50). Further comparison was made on the differences of the curative effect, surgical index (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, and healing time) and postoperative complications between the two groups. In addition, the differences in ankle function, knee function and quality of life [Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (MOS SF-36)] were evaluated between the two groups before treatment and 6 months after treatment. Results: The clinical curative effect and total efficacy of the observation group were better than those of the control group (All p<0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, and healing time were lower in the observation group when compared to those of the control group (All p<0.05). The total incidence of postoperative complications was also lower in the observation group than that in the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the scores of ankle function, knee function and MOS SF-36 in both groups were higher after 6 months of treatment than those before treatment; besides, the inter-group comparison showed that the scores of ankle function, knee function and MOS SF-36 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (All p<0.05). Conclusion: MIPPO technology combined with LCP guided by C-arm X-ray machine has a significant curative effect on the treatment of tibial metaphyseal fracture. It can significantly improve the surgical index, reduce postoperative complications, and have an obvious effect on postoperative recovery of ankle function, knee joint function and quality of life.
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Objective:To explore the effect of mobile C-arm X-ray system in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures.Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures admitted to People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2018 to July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into control group and experimental group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group adopted the traditional posterior median approach lumbar fusion, and the experimental group adopted the percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation guided by the C-arm system. The operation time, bleeding, operation cost, visual analog score (VAS) and activities of daily living (ADL) and complication rate were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Measurement data with normally distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation( ± s), and the comparison between groups was performed by two independent samples t test. The comparison between groups of count data was performed by chi-square test. Results:The operation time, the blood loss, the cost, VAS, ADL score, the complication rate of the control group were (119.83 ± 10.96) min, (90.56±30.52) mL, (4.90±0.75) ten thousand yuan, (4.17±0.64) scores, (78.11±12.78) scores and 30%, while the experimental group were (103.50±13.76) min, (73.88±40.35) mL, (4.06 ± 0.97) ten thousand yuan, (2.40±0.49) scores, (86.00±8.86) scores and 5%, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Application of mobile C-arm X-ray system in thoracolumbar spine minimally invasive surgery can reduce the probability of complications, improve the quality of life of patients, and accelerate the rehabilitation. It is valuable for popularization.
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Objective To compare the clinical effects of G-arm X-ray machine and C-arm X-ray machine in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) of thoracolumbar spine.Methods The clinical data of ninety-five patients with thoracolumbar OVCF treated with PKP from May 2016 to August 2017 in Yanan University Affiliated Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into two groups according to the different guiding fluoroscopy methods used during the operation.Forty-six cases in G arm group completed PKP under the guidance of G arm X-ray machine,Forty-nine cases in C arm group completed PKP under the guidance of C arm X-ray machine.The operation time,fluoroscopy times,cement leakage cases,the height of injured vertebral leading edge,Cobb angle of kyphosis,visual analogue score and Oswestry dysfunction index were recorded before and after operation,and the related indexes were analyzed and compared.Results Two groups of patients were successfully completed surgery,no complications of vascular and nerve injury.The operation time and fluoroscopy times in G arm group were less than those in C arm group (operation time:(29.6±4.5) min vs.(42.5±5.3) min,and fluoroscopy times in G arm group:(9.1±2.0) vs.(16.9±3.2));the difference was statistically significant (t =-12.747,12.870,P< 0.01).Postoperative height of injured vertebral leading edge(G arm group (22.3±5.3) mm),C arm group (22.4±5.1) mm),kyphosis Cobb angle (G arm group (9.2±3.8)°,C arm group (9.3±3.7) o),visual analogue score (G arm group (2.1±0.7)points,C arm group (2.2±0.9) points),Oswestry dysfunction index (G arm group (21.3±8.5) points,C arm group(21.5 ± 8.3)points),compared with preoperative(the hight of injured vertebral leading edge of G arm group (18.2 ±5.3) mm,C arm group (18.4±5.2) mm,Cobb angle of injured vertebra G arm group (15.7±4.4) °,C arm group (15.9±4.3) °,visual analogue score of G arm group (7.8± 1.2) points,C arm group (7.7± 1.1) points,Oswestry dysfunction index score of G arm group(41.2±8.3)points,C arm group (41.5±8.2) points),the difference was statistically significant (t =-3.709,-3.844,-7.582,-8.144,27.827,27.088,11.360,11.999,P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion Using G-arm X-ray machine to assist PKP in the treatment of thoracolumbar spine OVCF can effectively shorten the operation time,reduce the intraoperative fluoroscopy time,and the clinical effect is satisfactory.
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Objective To explore the effect of intervertebral foramen puncture under image equipment guidance. Methods 52 patients with lumbar disc herniation from January 2014 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent lumbar posterior lateral approach for endoscopic surgery. Patients were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, 26 patients in each group. The patients in the observation group were treated with ultrasound volume, and the patients in the control group were treated with C arm X-ray machine. The intraoperative condition, preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS score), Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI score) and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time, the total time of puncture and the number of fluoroscopy were lower in the observation group than that in the control group. The patients in the observation group and the control group were treated before operation, 1 month after operation, 3 months after operation, 6 months after operation and there was no statistically significant difference in VAS score and ODI score between 12 months (P > 0.05). The patients in the observation group and the control group had no significant complication after operation. Although they had pain symptoms, they could be relieved by themselves or by drug treatment. Conclusion Ultrasonic volume navigation can enhance the accuracy of puncture and reduce the puncture time, and there is no significant complication after operation. The safety is better than that of C arm X-ray machine.
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Objective To explore the clinical application value of percutaneous kyphoplasty ( PKP ) under the guidance of G arm X ray machine in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Methods The medical records of eighty-two patients (94 vertebral bodies) with OVCF treated with PKP were collected retrospectively. Thirty-nine cases ( 44 vertebral bodies ) were guided by G-arm X-ray machine to implement PKP,which were recorded as G-arm group. Forty-three cases (50 vertebral bodies) were guided by C-arm X-ray machine to carry out PKP,which were recorded as C-arm group. The operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, bone cement leakage cases, preoperative and postoperative anterior height of injured vertebrae,Cobb angle of injured vertebrae,visual analogue scale scores and Oswestry disability index of the two groups were recorded. Results There was significant difference in operation time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times between the G-arm group and C-arm group (the operation time:(31. 6±5. 2) vs. (45. 8±6. 7) min,the intraoperative fluoroscopy times: (9. 5±2. 3) times vs. (18. 7±3. 5) times,t=-10. 64,-13. 91,P<0. 05) ,while there was no significant difference in the number of bone cement leakage ( P>0. 05) . Compared postoperative and preoperative anterior height of injured vertebrae, Cobb angle of injured vertebrae, visual analogue scale scores and Oswestry disability index scores of G-arm group and C-arm group respectively, the differences were significant ( t=-3. 41 vs. -3. 28, 6. 67 vs. 7. 66, 26. 63 vs. 25. 75 and 10. 41 vs. 11. 90, P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion The treatment of OVCF with PKP guided by G-arm X-ray machine could significantly shorten operation time, reduce the intraoperative fluoroscopy times and the operative difficulty,and increase operation safety than PKP guided by traditional C-arm X-ray machine.
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Objective To improve the voltage regulator for the traditional X-ray machine to provide heating voltage and current to X-ray tube filament heating circuit.Methods The circuits included the ones for regulator output voltage sampling,desired voltage generation,control voltage generation,synchronous pulse triangular signal generation,phase control,siliconcontrolled rectifier (SCR) and regulator input voltage sampling.Negative feedback control was executed by the sampling,detection and comparison of the regulator output voltage,and the comparison was carried out with the synchronous pulse triangular signal to generate the signal for controlling SCR.The regulator output voltage was kept stable by regulating the modes of SCR conduction angle.Results Installing and debugging of designed circuit for domestic power frequency X-ray machine contributed to realizing voltage regulation for the filament heating circuit.The test also measured voltage waveform distortion in AC circuits,and this kind of adverse effect did not affect the filament heating circuit.Conclusion The improved system has small volume,low heat,little noise and high performance,which can replace the traditional MSVR.
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Objective To design a speech command module to replace manual command during X-ray examination.Methods The module was composed of the parts for speech,pushbutton actuator,speaker,miniature voice box,power source and etc.The electrical conductors were used to connect the above parts,and the speech command was formed by special software.Results The module had the speech command triggered by the pushbutton,and the speech command was pellucid and clear so that the workload could be decreased.Conclusion The module facilitates the speech command during X-ray examination,and thus is worthy promoting practically.
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Objective To investigate the CT feature of small cell lung cancer(SCLC),and investigate the clinical value.Methods 55 patients with SCLC and 118 patients with non -small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)were selected as the study subjects.All the patients were confirmed by pathology,the CT feature of lung cancer were com-pared through unenhanced and enhanced scanning by philips brilliance 16 spiral CT.Results There were significant differences between the SCLC group and NSCLC group in tumor type and morphology(χ2 =22.628,21.249,all P <0.01).Central was the mainly type of SCLC,irregular shape and round was the mainly type of NSCLC.The positive rates of positive airway occlusion,pulmonary atelectasis or obstructive pneumonia in central SCLC group and NSCLC group were 57.78% and 86.27%,62.22% and 98.04%,which in central SCLC group were lower than NSCLC group (χ2 =9.830,20.131,all P <0.01).The Hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes positive rate,fusion of lymph node -pos-itive rate,combined positive rate of violations of mediastinal vessels in central SCLC group and NSCLC group were 90.9% and 49.15%,58% and 15.52%,54.55% and 7.63%,which in central SCLC group were greater than the NSCLC group(χ2 =27.887,53.070,47.294,all P <0.01).Conclusion 16 -slice spiral CT can provide important information for diagnosis of SCLC and NSCLC,the CT signs are conducive to the diagnosis of NSCLC,which contai-ning round mass,bronchial smooth,hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes,lymph nodes are not fused with obstructive pneumonia and atelectasis,mediastinal vascular invasion.
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UNLABELLED: This work aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of scattered radiation doses induced by exposure to the portable X-ray, the C-arm machine, and to simulate the radiologist without a shield of lead clothing, radiation doses absorbed by medical staff at 2 m from the central exposure point. MATERIAL AND METHOD: With the adoption of the Rando Phantom, several frequently X-rayed body parts were exposed to X-ray radiation, and the scattered radiation doses were measured by ionization chamber dosimeters at various angles from the patient. Assuming that the central point of the X-ray was located at the belly button, five detection points were distributed in the operation room at 1 m above the ground and 1-2 m from the central point horizontally. RESULTS: The radiation dose measured at point B was the lowest, and the scattered radiation dose absorbed by the prosthesis from the X-ray's vertical projection was 0.07 ±0.03 µGy, which was less than the background radiation levels. The Fluke biomedical model 660-5DE (400 cc) and 660-3DE (4 cc) ion chambers were used to detect air dose at a distance of approximately two meters from the central point. The AP projection radiation doses at point B was the lowest (0.07±0.03 µGy) and the radiation doses at point D was the highest (0.26±0.08 µGy) .Only taking the vertical projection into account, the radiation doses at point B was the lowest (0.52 µGy), and the radiation doses at point E was the highest (4 µGy).The PA projection radiation at point B was the lowest (0.36 µGy) and the radiation doses at point E was the highest(2.77 µGy), occupying 10-32% of the maximum doses. The maximum dose in five directions was nine times to the minimum dose. When the PX and the C-arm machine were used, the radiation doses at a distance of 2 m were attenuated to the background radiation level. The radiologist without a lead shield should stand at point B of patient's feet. Accordingly, teaching materials on radiation safety for radiological interns and clinical technicians were formulated.
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Técnicos Medios en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Prótesis e Implantes , Exposición a la Radiación/estadística & datos numéricos , Monitoreo de Radiación/estadística & datos numéricos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/estadística & datos numéricos , Absorción de Radiación , Humanos , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Dosis de Radiación , Exposición a la Radiación/análisis , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Taiwán , Rayos XRESUMEN
The screen-film system is replaced by computed radiography system for recording the images of the patients during X-ray radiography examinations. The change in imaging system requires the re-establishment of the institutional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for different types of X-ray examinations conducted at the hospital. For this purpose, patient specific parameters [age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), object to image distance (OID)] and machine specific parameters (kVp, mAs, distance and field sizes) of 1875 patients during 21 different types of X-ray examinations were recorded for estimating the entrance skin dose (ESD). The ESD for each of these patients were estimated using measured X-ray beam output and the standard value of the back scatter factor. Five number summary was calculated for all the data for their presentation in the Box-Whisker plot, which provides the statistical distribution of the data. The data collected indicates that majorly performed examinations are cervical spine AP, Chest PA and Knee Lat with percentage contributions of 16.05, 16 and 8.27% respectively. The lowest contribution comes from Hip Lat which is about 1.01%. The ratio of measured ESD (maximum to minimum) for these examinations is found to be highest for the cervical spine AP with a value of 50 followed by Thoracic spine AP of 32.36. The ESD ratio for Chest PA, Knee Lat and Lumbar Spine AP are 30.75, 30.4 and 30.2 respectively. The lowest ESD ratio is for Hip Lat which is 2.68. The third quartile values of ESDs are established as the institutional DRLs. The ESD values obtained for 21 different X-ray projections are either comparable or lesser than the reported national/international values.
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To explore the application value of low-dose CT in lung cancer after operation in a short-term review by comparing conventional and low-dose CT. Methods:In 83 cases of lung cancer during the immediate postoperative period review, 50 cases (group A) underwent conventional CT scanning, whereas 33 cases (group B) underwent low-dose CT scanning. All CT scans were scored on the basis of image quality and clinical needs. The radiation dose indexes CTDIvol and DLP were recorded for each case. A comparison of the score and radiation dose between the two groups helped determine the existence of significant differences. Results:The average image quality scores of the two groups were 3.705±0.314 and 3.311±0.442, those for clinical demand were 2.670±0.373 and 2.561±0.410, those for CTDIvol were (19.248±1.532) mGy and (10.138±1.113) mGy, and those for DLP were (170.180±19.259) mGy*cm and (99.061±14.504) mGy*cm. The two groups exhibited significant differences in image quality, CTDIvol, and DLP but revealed no significant dissimilarity in clinical demand. Conclusion:Low-dose CT completely meets the clinical requirements for short-term follow-up after resection of lung cancer and significant reduction in radiation dose.
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Objective:To discuss the active impact of the domestic breast X-ray machine upgrade at the diagnosis breast disease. Methods:After the transformation of domestic breast X-ray machine, adoption the IP board instead of the film cartridge, complete digital mammography system. Results:Computed X-ray imaging processing image quality is better than traditional X-ray photography piece, within two years, completed a total check of more than 400 patients, overall diagnosis rate more than 95%. Conclusion:Buy the CR system All levels of the hospital, Can take advantage of the existing the ordinary breast X-ray machine equipment, Carry out breast Digital Imaging System.
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With the development of modern technology,X-ray machine has been widely applied for medical diagnosis.The article simply reported the principle of medical X-ray machine and its maintenance,and also illustrated two troubleshooting cases of Siemens'X-ray machine.
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Through making a summary of using the portable X-ray machine in the earthquake relief,the equipment of the advantages and disadvantages in the field are analyzed and introduces the problems and solutions in application,and gives some improved suggestions for tripod.
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Objective To carry out integrative development to available field battle portable X -ray machine,solving functional defect in quondam tripod and inconvenience in transport. Methods We used anthrop -machine engineering,electricity engineering and machinery engineering to undertake integrative design on whole machine. Results The whole machine can be quickly extended and folded in 2 minutes. Centric position of the sucker is 170 cm over the ground,and 45 cm away from column stand when the whole machine working. The machine can work in multi-angle and omnibearing. The whole machine can deposit in an appropriative crate with efficiency of anti-shock and seepage water when folding. Conclusion Integrative design of field battle portable X-ray machine increases projection range,boosts projection effect,strengthens medical service safeguard ability of radio-staff consumedly.
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Objective To design a virtual console for the movable high frequency X-ray machine system type MME2002. Methods An experimental circuit was designed to simulate the real circuit and realized the serial communication between microcomputer and MCU (micro control unit). The simulating software was designed in Visual Basic 6.0, using MSComm to control serial communication. It simulated the functions of the initial console, including setting parameters, sending commands to the machine and storing and transferring the best data of a special condition by file operation in VB. Results The console was designed based on PC. Conclusion This console can replace the console using circuit boards and keys. It can be combined with the X-ray machine systems' image collection software, making the machine's operation more easy and convenient.
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The technique of Youtong company is adopted to improve Philips X-ray machine digitally.X-ray digital plane detector,control box and DR image workstation are added to the improved system,which make radiography more convenient and provide high quality image for clinical diagnosis.