Adaptação Brasileira da Escala Clima Familiar para Segurança no Trânsito / Brazilian adaptation of the Family Climate Scale for Road Safety / Adaptación brasileña de la Escala Clima Familiar para la seguridad vial

Resumo (analítico): Esta pesquisa visa verificar evidências de validade da adaptação brasileira da Escala Clima Familiar para Segurança no Trânsito (Taubman-Ben-Ari & Katz-Ben- Ami, 2013), que avalia a percepção de jovens condutores sobre valores, prioridades, e práticas dos pais e da família em relação à condução segura. Participaram da pesquisa 420 universitários (63% homens), com idade entre 18 e 22 anos (média=19,7 anos; DP=1,3 anos). A análise fatorial indicou uma solução de cinco fatores: Comunicação/Mensagem (α=0,87), Monitoramento/Limites (α=0,87), Falta de Compromisso com a Segurança (α=0,70), Modelagem (α=0,79) e Feedback (α=0,80). Os dados mostram que a versão brasileira da escala apresentou resultados adequados e pode ser utilizada em estudos futuros sobre clima familiar em relação à condução.

Abstract (analytical): This research has the objective of verifying the evidence of the validity of the Brazilian version of the Family Climate Scale for Road Safety (Taubman-Ben-Ari & Katz-Ben- Ami, 2013), which evaluates the perception of young drivers of their values and priorities and the practices of parents and relatives in relation to safe driving. The participants were 420 university students (63% men) aged between 18 and 22 (mean=19.7 years, SD=1.3 years). Factor analysis indicated a five-factor solution: Communication / Message (α=0.87), Monitoring / Limits (α=0.87), Lack of Commitment to Safety (α=0.70), Modeling (α=0.79) and Feedback (α=0.80). The data show that the Brazilian version of the scale achieved suitable results and can be used in future studies of family environments in relation to driving.

Resumen (analítico): Esta investigación tiene como objetivo buscar evidencias de la validez de la versión brasileña de la Escala Clima Familiar para la Seguridad Vial (Taubman Ben-Ari y Katz-Bien-Ami, 2013), la cual evalúa la percepción de los conductores jóvenes sobre los valores, las prioridades y las prácticas de sus padres y de la familia con respecto a la conducción segura. Los participantes fueron 420 estudiantes universitarios (63% hombres) con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 22 años (media=19,7 años, DS=1,3 años). El análisis factorial indicó una solución en cinco factores: Comunicación/Mensaje (α=0,87), Monitoreo/Límites (α=0,87), Falta de Compromiso con la Seguridad (α=0,70), el Modelado (α=0,79) y Feedback (α=0,80). Los datos indican que la versión brasileña de la Escala Clima Familiar para la Seguridad Vial es adecuada y puede ser utilizada en futuros estudios que quieran evaluar el impacto del ambiente familiar en la formación de los conductores jóvenes.

The sex disparity in risky driving: A survey of Colombian young drivers.

OBJECTIVE: The overrepresentation of young drivers in poor road safety outcomes has long been recognized as a global road safety issue. In addition, the overrepresentation of males in crash statistics has been recognized as a pervasive young driver problem. Though progress in road safety evidenced as a stabilization and/or reduction in poor road safety outcomes has been made in developed nations, less-developed nations contribute the greatest road safety trauma, and developing nations such as Colombia continue to experience increasing trends in fatality rates. The aim of the research was to explore sex differences in self-reported risky driving behaviors of young drivers, including the associations with crash involvement, in a sample of young drivers attending university in Colombia. METHODS: The Spanish version of the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale (BYNDS-Sp) was applied in an online survey to a sample of 392 students (225 males) aged 16-24 years attending a major university. Appropriate comparative statistics and logistic regression modeling were used when analyzing the data. RESULTS: Males reported consistently more risky driving behaviors, with approximately one quarter of all participants reporting risky driving exposure. Males reported greater crash involvement, with violations such as speeding associated with crash involvement for both males and females. CONCLUSION: Young drivers in Colombia appear to engage in the same risky driving behaviors as young drivers in developed nations. In addition, young male drivers in Colombia reported greater engagement in risky driving behaviors than young female drivers, a finding consistent with the behaviors of young male drivers in developed nations. As such, the research findings suggest that general interventions such as education, engineering, and enforcement should target transient rule violations such as speeding and using a handheld mobile phone while driving for young drivers in Colombia. Future research should investigate how these interventions could be tailored specifically for the Colombian cultural context, including how their effects can be evaluated, prior to implementation.

Young driver risky behaviour and predictors of crash risk in Australia, New Zealand and Colombia: Same but different?

Young drivers remain overrepresented in road crashes around the world, with road injury the leading cause of death among adolescents. In addition, the majority of road traffic crashes, fatalities and injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries. All young drivers are at risk due to a breadth of age- and inexperience-related factors; however it is well recognised that young drivers may also intentionally engage in risky driving behaviours which increase their crash risk. The aim of this paper is to examine the self-reported risky driving behaviour of young drivers in Australia, New Zealand (high-income countries), and Colombia (middle-income country), and to explore the utility of a crash risk assessment model in these three countries. Young drivers aged 16-25 years completed the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale (BYNDS), in addition to self-reporting crash involvement and driving offences. A hierarchical segmentation analysis via decision trees was used to study the relationship between self-reported crashes and risky driving. Young drivers in Colombia reported more risky driving than young drivers in New Zealand, and considerably more risky driving than young drivers in Australia. Significant differences among and across countries in individual BYNDS items were found, and 23.5% of all participants reported they had been involved in a road crash. Handheld mobile phone usage was the strongest predictor of crashes, followed by driving after drinking alcohol, and carrying friends as passengers. Country of origin predicted mobile phone usage, with New Zealand and Colombia grouped in the same decision tree branch which implies no significant differences in the behaviour between these countries. Despite cultural differences in licensing programs and enforcement, young drivers reported engaging in a similar breadth of risky behaviours. Road crashes were explained by mobile phone usage, drink driving and driving with passengers, suggesting interventions should target these three risk factors. Whilst New Zealand and Australia have implemented graduated driver licensing programs, are geographical neighbours, and are high-income countries, the finding that behaviours of young drivers in New Zealand and Colombia were more similar than those of young drivers in New Zealand and Australia merits further investigation.

Improving Accident Statistics and Expanding the Role of Traffic Psychologists in Brazil / Melhorando as Estatísticas de Acidentes e Ampliando o Papel dos Psicólogos do Trânsito no Brasil / Mejorando las Estadísticas de Accidentalidad y Ampliando el Papel de los Psicólogos del Tráfico en Brasil

Abstract Due to the mandatory assessment of psychological fitness to drive of prospective drivers, Brazil has a relatively large amount of traffic psychologists. Since, in general, assessment only happens upon first licensing, the task of these psychologists is fairly limited (as is the scope of the assessment itself). Intention and method: this study aims to perform a critical analysis of possibilities to expand the role of psychologists working in the traffic system in Brazil. A systematic review study of databases and international documents was conducted and a scope of activity of psychologists in this area was built. First result statistical data is scattered over many agencies. First conclusion in order to better identify specific tendencies and risk groups in Brazil, statistical data related to accident involvement needs to be better, perhaps centrally, coordinated and consolidated. Second result international research related to three subgroups of drivers that constitute a significantly increased safety risk can inform future directions for traffic psychology in Brazil. Psychological processes that may underlie these risk increases are discussed. Second conclusion two subgroups (young drivers and aggressive drivers) could benefit from more than assessment, they could benefit from specific psychological interventions. The third subgroup (elderly drivers) is expected to increase significantly in the future, which asks for clearer policies, with a significant input form psychologists and psychological research....(AU)

Resumo A avaliação psicológica no Brasil é obrigatória no processo de obtenção da Carteira Nacional de Habilitação (CNH), o que faz com que o país tenha uma quantidade relativamente grande de psicólogos atuando neste segmento. Uma vez que, em geral, a avaliação ocorre somente no momento da obtenção da CNH, a atuação desses psicólogos é limitada (assim como o escopo da avaliação em si). Justificativa e método: este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise crítica das possibilidades de expansão do trabalho dos psicólogos que atuam no sistema trânsito no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo de revisão sistemática em bases de dados e documentos internacionais, e levantado o escopo de atividades dos psicólogos que atuam nessa área. Primeiro resultado dados estatísticos estão dispersos em diferentes agências. Primeira conclusão a fim de entender melhor tendências específicas e grupos de risco, os dados estatísticos relacionados ao envolvimento em acidentes precisam ser melhor coordenados e consolidados. Segundo resultado pesquisas internacionais relacionadas a três subgrupos de motoristas, que constituem um aumento significativo de risco, podem indicar direções futuras para a psicologia do trânsito no Brasil. Processos psicológicos que possivelmente constituem a base desse aumento de risco são discutidos. Segunda conclusão dois subgrupos (motoristas jovens e motoristas agressivos) poderiam se beneficiar com algo além de uma avaliação, com intervenções psicológicas específicas. É esperado que o terceiro subgrupo (motoristas idosos) aumente significativamente no futuro, o que demanda políticas mais claras, com contribuições significativas de psicólogos e de pesquisas em psicologia do trânsito....(AU)

Resumen La evaluación psicológica en Brasil es obligatoria en el proceso de obtención de la licencia de conducir; así, el país tiene una gran cantidad de psicólogos del tráfico. Una vez que generalmente la evaluación ocurre solamente en la obtención de la licencia, la tarea de estos psicólogos (y también el alcance de la evaluación) es muy limitada. Justificación y método: este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis crítico de las posibilidades de expansión del trabajo de psicólogos que actúan en el sistema de tráfico en Brasil. Se llevó a cabo un estudio en base de datos y documentos internacionales y se levantó el ámbito de actividad de los psicólogos. Primer resultado : datos estadísticos están dispersos en diferentes agencias. Primera conclusión : para comprender mejor las tendencias específicas y subgrupos de riesgo, los datos estadísticos de accidentes de tránsito necesitan ser mejor coordenados y consolidados. Segundo resultado : investigaciones internacionales relacionadas a tres subgrupos de conductores, los cuales constituyen un aumento significativo de riesgo, pueden indicar direcciones futuras para la psicología del tránsito en Brasil. Se discuten procesos psicológicos que posiblemente forman la base de este riesgo. Segunda conclusión : dos subgrupos (conductores jóvenes y conductores agresivos) podrían tener beneficios con algo más que una evaluación, incluyendo intervenciones psicológicas específicas. Es esperado que el tercer subgrupo (conductores ancianos) aumente significativamente en el futuro, lo que demanda políticas más claras, con contribuciones significativas de psicólogos e investigaciones psicológicas....(AU)