Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of the standardized extract of Sanguisorba minor in vivo.

Although Sanguisorba minor has been used as herbal medicine, no study has ever examined its potential toxicity. This study investigated acute and subacute toxicities of S. minor hydroalcoholic extract (SE). In the acute toxicity test, a single oral dose (300, 2,000, and 3,000 mg/kg) of SE was given to mice. The oral administration of SE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 4 weeks) was performed to evaluate subacute toxicity. After the treatments, neurobehavioral, histopathology, hematological, and biochemical parameters were monitored. In vitro cytotoxicity was also assessed. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint was done for the standardization of SE. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of SE was up to 2,000 mg/kg, and the LD50 of the prepared extract was over 3,000 mg/kg. The rats exposed to the extract did not show any marked change in their body weight. The extract at used doses did not affect neuromuscular coordination. According to the hematological, biochemical, and histological examinations, no significant treatment-related adverse effect of the extract was observed, even at 400 mg/kg. Only 48 h exposure to 400 µg/mL of SE reduced the viability of PC12 cells. The findings revealed that this plant could be well-tolerated, regarded safe, and used as herbal medicine.

In vivo acute and subacute toxicities of phenolic extract from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) peels by oral administration.

Acute and subacute studies of rambutan peel phenolic (RPP) extract were conducted by oral administration on Kunming mice and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, respectively. Acute toxicity study (14 days) results revealed that the LD50 value of RPP extract was more than 5000 mg/kg bw in vivo. For the subacute study, four different doses were administered to SD rats by daily gavage for 28 days. Subacute toxicity study results indicated that RPP extract did not show any obvious adverse effect at doses of 312 and 625 mg/kg bw. The bw gain was significantly inhibited at 2500 mg/kg bw of RPP extract. RPP extract at doses of 1250 and 2500 mg/kg bw showed toxicities to liver, kidney, and spleen in SD rats according to the results of hematological and biochemical analyses. Furthermore, RPP extract at 2500 mg/kg bw showed toxicity on different tissues according to the results of histopathological analyses.

Acute and subacute toxicity evaluation of ethanol extract from aerial parts of Epigynum auritum in mice.

Acute and subacute toxicities of the ethanol extract from Epigynum auritum (EAE) wereperformed by oral administration in pathogen-free mice. Acute toxicity study was performed at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days, while subacute toxicity test was conducted by daily oral administration of EAE at doses of 312, 625, 1250, and 2500 mg/kg for 28 days. Acute toxicity study showed that LD50 of EAE was over 5000 mg/kg. The results of subacute toxicity showed no significant adverse effect of EAE at 312 mg/kg. Moreover, EAE exhibited toxicities to liver, spleen and kidney in mice determined by hematological, serum biochemical and histological analyses during daily oral administration of 1250 mg/kg and 2500 mg/kg EAE. The results revealed that the dose of EAE lower than 625 mg/kg can be regarded as safe.