Coping, connection appraisal, and well-being during COVID-19 in the U.S., Japan, and Mexico.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly every facet of life, constituting a "new normal" and prompting an ongoing collective psychological crisis. People's ways of coping with the pandemic and corresponding well-being are of particular research interest; however, these constructs have largely been examined using deductive quantitative approaches, deficit-based lenses, and mononational samples. Methods: The current mixed-methods study used inductive-sequential (QUAL → QUAN) approaches to explore positive coping strategies (approach coping style and COVID-related connection appraisal) and well-being (loneliness, distress, and happiness) across individuals from the United States, Japan, and Mexico. Qualitative data were gathered from N = 141 U.S., Japanese, and Mexican adults to examine how people perceived connection during the pandemic. Results: Qualitative analyses illuminated common themes in which people appraised the pandemic as an opportunity for connection and strengthened interpersonal relationships. Quantitative measures, including a newly-developed questionnaire on COVID-related connection appraisal, were then administered to a separate sample of N = 302 adults in the U.S, Japan, and Mexico to assess associations among approach coping style, COVID-related connection appraisal, and well-being outcomes (loneliness, distress, happiness). Quantitative analyses found significant associations among approach coping style, COVID-related connection appraisal, and all well-being outcomes. Of note, these associations did not differ by country. COVID-related connection appraisal mediated the relationship between approach coping style and two well-being outcomes (loneliness and happiness). Discussion: Findings point to approach coping style and connection appraisal as pathways for resilience and growth in the face of global suffering.

Ethical assessment of privacy breaches in epidemiological investigations and information disclosure in the internet age: safeguarding identity information for infectious patients

While the Internet has brought convenience and speed to human life, it has also led to frequent privacy violations. In the context of epidemiological investigations and information disclosure regarding confirmed Covid-19 patients, many individuals have utilized the Internet as a means to disseminate information and engage in cyber manhunts, resulting in breaches of privacy for those involved. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent within the realm of the Internet, where the boundaries of privacy invasion become blurred. Various types of privacy infringements, both active and passive negligence, are evident on social networking platforms. The juxtaposition of the virtual world of the Internet with real-life scenarios presents novel challenges in the realm of privacy violations. The Internet era, coupled with the widespread use and integration of big data, has diminished the absolute right to privacy on the Internet. This paper examines the challenge of safeguarding the identity information of infectious patients through the lens of two theoretical frameworks -Kantianism and Utilitarianism- in an effort to address this ethical dilemma.

Aunque Internet ha aportado comodidad y rapidez a la vida humana, también ha dado lugar a frecuentes violaciones de la intimidad. En el contexto de las investigaciones epidemiológicas y la divulgación de información relativa a pacientes confirmados de covid-19, muchas personas han utilizado Internet como medio para difundir información y participar en cibercacerías, lo que ha dado lugar a violaciones en la intimidad de los implicados. Este fenómeno prevalece en el ámbito de Internet, donde los límites de la invasión de la intimidad se vuelven vagos. En las redes sociales, se manifiestan diversos tipos de violaciones de la intimidad, tanto por negligencia activa como pasiva. La yuxtaposición entre el mundo virtual de Internet con escenarios de la vida real plantea nuevos retos en el ámbito de las violaciones de la intimidad. La era de Internet, junto con el uso generalizado y la integración del bigdata, han mermado el derecho absoluto a la privacidad. Este artículo examina el reto de salvaguardar la información sobre la identidad de los pacientes infecciosos a través de la lente de dos marcos teóricos -el kantianismo y el utilitarismo- en un esfuerzo por abordar este dilema ético.

Enquanto a Internet trouxe conveniência e velocidade à vida humana, ela também levou a frequentes violações da privacidade. No contexto de investigações epidemiológicas e divulgação de informações em relação a pacientes confirmados de Covid-19, muitos indivíduos utilizaram a Internet como um meio para disseminar informação e participar de uma caçada cibernética, resultando em violações da privacidade para aqueles envolvidos. Esse fenômeno é particularmente prevalente no âmbito da Internet, onde os limites de invasão da privacidade se tornaram borrados. Vários tipos de infrações da privacidade, tanto negligências ativa como passiva, são evidentes em plataformas de redes sociais. A justaposição do mundo virtual da Internet com cenários da vida real apresenta novos desafios no âmbito das violações da privacidade. A era da Internet, juntamente com o amplo uso e integração de megadados (big data), diminuiu o direito absoluto à privacidade na Internet. Esse artigo examina o desafio de proteger a informação de identidade de pacientes infectantes através das lentes de dois enquadres teóricos -Kantianismo e Utilitarismo- em um esforço para abordar esse dilema ético.

Factores asociados al desempeño laboral en el personal de salud del Hospital Materno Infantil Carlos Showing Ferrari, Huánuco 2022 / Factors associated with work performance among the health personnel of Hospital Materno Infantil Carlos Showing Ferrari, Huánuco, 2022

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al desempeño laboral en el personal de salud del Hospital Carlos Showing Ferrari, Huánuco, periodo 2022. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, correlacional y prospectivo, cuya población estuvo constituida por 146 profesionales de la salud y su muestra, por 86. La información se recolectó mediante un cuestionario, donde la variable desempeño laboral fue evaluada con la escala de desempeño laboral individual de Koopmans et al. (Individual Work Performance Questionaire), validada y con confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach mayor a 0,8, y los factores fueron sociodemográficos, laborares y académicos. El análisis estadístico de los datos se realizó mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado, evaluado en el programa SPSS, versión 25. Resultados: Se evidenció que la gran parte de los profesionales de salud mostró un desempeño laboral de nivel muy alto (60,47 %). De manera inferencial, los factores sociodemográficos como las edades de 31 a 45 años (p = 0,027) y de 46 a 60 años (p = 0,045) se asociaron de manera significativa al desempeño laboral de nivel muy alto. En relación con los factores laborales, el tiempo laboral mayor e igual a 21 años (p = 0,049) fue el único factor asociado de manera significativa al desempeño laboral de nivel muy alto. No hubo asociación entre los factores académicos y el desempeño laboral de nivel muy alto (p > 0,05). Conclusiones: Los factores asociados significativamente al desempeño laboral de nivel muy alto en el personal de salud fueron las edades de 31 a 45 años y de 46 a 60 años y el tiempo laboral mayor e igual a 21 años.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the factors associated with work performance among the health personnel of Hospital Materno Infantil Carlos Showing Ferrari, Huánuco, in 2022. Materials and methods: An observational, correlational and prospective study with a population of 146 health professionals and a sample size of 86 individuals. The information was collected through a questionnaire, where the variable work performance was evaluated with the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire by Koopmans et al. and validated with Cronbach's Alpha greater than 0.8. The factors analyzed encompassed sociodemographic, work-related and academic variables. The statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and the data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics V25. Results: Most health professionals showed a very high-level work performance (60.47 %). Inferentially, sociodemographic factors such as age 31 to 45 years (p = 0.027) and 46 to 60 years (p = 0.045) were significantly associated with a very high-level work performance. Concerning work-related factors, work time greater than and equal to 21 years (p = 0.049) was the only factor significantly associated with a very high-level work performance. There was no association between academic factors and a very high-level work performance (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The factors significantly associated with a very high-level work performance among the health personnel were age 31 to 45 years and 46 to 60 years and work time greater than and equal to 21 years.

Desempeño del médico de familia en la atención al adulto mayor frágil

Introducción: El proceso fisiológico de envejecer conlleva a situaciones de riesgo, así como al deterioro acelerado de la salud, que incluye la fragilidad. Objetivo: Determinar el estado del desempeño profesional del médico de la familia para la atención al adulto mayor frágil. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, la población estuvo constituida por 28 médicos de familia. Se evaluaron 4 dimensiones (cognitiva, asistencial, bioética y científica-investigativa) y 18 indicadores. Se efectuó triangulación metodológica para establecer problemas y potencialidades. En el procesamiento estadístico se realizó el análisis porcentual. Resultados: Hubo poco dominio por los médicos encuestados del criterio de fragilidad, así como de sus síntomas y signos (78,5 %), reflejaron un deficiente enfoque terapéutico en los adultos mayores frágiles (57,5 %). Se constató una baja frecuencia de realización de actividades de promoción de salud (85,7 % de los casos) e insuficiente utilización de los instrumentos necesarios para la evaluación multidimensional de los adultos mayores, empleados solo por el 23,0 % de los facultativos estudiados. Entre las potencialidades se observó buena disposición de los médicos a participar en cursos sobre fragilidad y aplicación correcta de los principios éticos y morales. Conclusiones: Se comprueba un insuficiente desempeño de los médicos de familia en la atención integral de los adultos mayores frágiles.

Introduction: The physiological process of aging leads to risk situations, as well as the accelerated deterioration of health that includes frailty. Objective: To determine the state of the professional performance of the family doctor for the care of the frail elderly. Method: An observational descriptive study was carried out, the population consisted of 28 family doctors. Four dimensions (cognitive, care, bioethics and scientific-investigative) and 18 indicators were evaluated. Methodological triangulation was carried out to establish problems and potentialities. In the statistical processing, the percentage analysis was performed. Results: There was little mastery of the respondents of the frailty criteria, knowledge of the symptoms and signs (78.5%), as well as a deficient therapeutic approach in frail older adults (57.5%). The frequency of carrying out health promotion activities (85.7% of the cases) and the use of instruments for the multidimensional evaluation of the elderly was low, used only by 23,0 %. Among the potentialities, a willingness of doctors to participate in courses on frailty and correct application of ethical and moral principles was observed. Conclusions: An insufficient performance of family doctors in the comprehensive care of frail older adults was determined.

Competências do enfermeiro hospitalar: convergências e divergências de avaliação / Competencias de enfermeros hospitalarios: convergencias y divergencias de evaluación / Hospital nurse competencies: convergences and divergences in evaluation

Resumo Objetivo Verificar convergências e divergências entre a autoavaliação de enfermeiros assistenciais e as avaliações de gerentes imediatos na perspectiva de rol de competências profissionais de enfermagem. Métodos Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 58 enfermeiros de um hospital universitário federal da região Norte do Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos utilizando-se dois questionários, um de autoavaliação do profissional e um de avaliação desses profissionais por seus gerentes de enfermagem imediatos. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, com centralização dos dados no programa Microsoft Excel 2016. Resultados Os enfermeiros adotavam competências profissionais Gerenciais, Assistenciais, Atitudinais e de Ensino. Os grupos Gerenciais e Assistenciais obtiveram maior destaque. Trabalho em Equipe e Supervisão da Equipe foram as competências Gerenciais mais evidenciadas. A maioria das competências identificadas apresentou convergência entre a autoavaliação e a avaliação de desempenho pelos gerentes dos serviços. Educação Permanente e Dimensionamento da Equipe surgiram de forma assimétrica entre as duas modalidades de avaliação. Entre as competências Assistenciais, Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem e Raciocínio Clínico foram as mais evidenciadas. As competências Atitudinais foram o grupo com maior divergência entre as avaliações, seguidas da competência Ensino/Preceptoria. Conclusão Evidenciou-se subjetividade nos processos de avaliação e autoavaliação de competências profissionais de enfermagem na instituição estudada, comumente gerando dissonâncias quando realizadas. A maioria das competências identificadas estava nos grupos Gerenciais e Assistenciais, apresentando convergência entre a avaliação de desempenho dos profissionais pelos gerentes dos serviços e sua autoavaliação.

Resumen Objetivo Verificar las convergencias y divergencias entre la autoevaluación de enfermeros asistenciales y la evaluación de jefes inmediatos bajo la perspectiva del rol de competencias profesionales de enfermería. Métodos Estudio descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron 58 enfermeros de un hospital universitario federal de la región Norte de Brasil. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de dos cuestionarios: uno de autoevaluación profesional y uno de evaluación de estos profesionales por parte de sus jefes de enfermería inmediatos. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, utilizando el programa Microsoft Excel 2016 para la centralización de los datos. Resultados Los enfermeros adoptaban competencias profesionales gerenciales, asistenciales, actitudinales y de enseñanza. Los grupos gerenciales y asistenciales fueron los más destacados. El trabajo en equipo y la supervisión del equipo fueron las competencias gerenciales con mayor evidencia. La mayoría de las competencias identificadas presentó convergencia entre la autoevaluación y la evaluación de desempeño de los jefes de los servicios. La educación permanente y el dimensionamiento del equipo se presentaron de forma asimétrica entre las dos modalidades de evaluación. Entre las competencias asistenciales, la sistematización de la atención de enfermería y el razonamiento clínico fueron las más destacadas. El grupo con más divergencia entre las evaluaciones fue el de las competencias actitudinales, seguido por la competencia enseñanza/mentoría. Conclusión Se evidenció subjetividad en los procesos de evaluación y autoevaluación de competencias profesionales de enfermería en la institución estudiada, que normalmente causan discrepancias cuando se realizan. La mayoría de las competencias identificadas se encontraba en los grupos gerenciales y asistenciales y se observó convergencia entre la evaluación de desempeño de los profesionales por parte de los jefes de los servicios y su autoevaluación.

Abstract Objective To verify convergences and divergences between the self-assessment of nursing assistants and the assessments of immediate managers from the perspective of the list of professional nursing competencies. Methods A descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Fifty-eight nurses from a federal university hospital in northern Brazil took part. Data was obtained using two questionnaires, one for professional self-assessment and one for the assessment of these professionals by their immediate nursing managers. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, with data centralization in the Microsoft Excel 2016 software. Results Nurses adopted Managerial, Assistance, Attitudinal and Teaching professional competencies. The Managerial and Assistance groups stood out the most. Teamwork and Team Supervision were the most prominent Managerial competencies. Most of the competencies identified converged between self-assessment and performance evaluation by service managers. Continuing Education and Team Sizing appeared asymmetrically between the two types of evaluation. Among the care competencies, Systematization of Nursing Care and Clinical Reasoning were the most prominent. The Attitudinal competences were the group with the greatest divergence between the evaluations, followed by the Teaching/Preceptorship competence. Conclusion There was evidence of subjectivity in the processes of evaluation and self-assessment of professional nursing competencies in the institution studied, which commonly generate dissonance when they are carried out. Most of the competences identified were in the Management and Care groups, showing convergence between the evaluation of professionals' performance by service managers and their self-assessment.

Association between cortisol levels and performance in clinical simulation: a systematic review / Asociación entre los niveles de cortisol y el rendimiento en simulación clínica: revisión sistemática / Associação entre nível de cortisol e desempenho em simulação clínica: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify how stress measured by salivary cortisol during clinical simulation-based education, or simulation and another teaching method, impacts performance. Method: Systematic review of the association between cortisol and performance in simulations. The following databases were used: PubMed, LIVIVO, Scopus, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Web of Science. Additional searches of gray literature were carried out on Google Scholar and Proquest. The searches took place on March 20, 2023. The risk of bias of randomized clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). Inclusion criteria were: simulation studies with salivary cortisol collection and performance evaluation, published in any period in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: 11 studies were included which measured stress using salivary cortisol and were analyzed using descriptive synthesis and qualitative analysis. Conclusion: Some studies have shown a relationship between stress and performance, which may be beneficial or harmful to the participant. However, other studies did not show this correlation, which may not have been due to methodological issues.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar cómo el estrés medido por el cortisol salival durante la enseñanza basada en la simulación clínica, o la simulación y otro método de enseñanza, influye en el rendimiento. Método: Revisión sistemática de la asociación entre cortisol y rendimiento en simulaciones. Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, LIVIVO, Scopus, EMBASE, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) y Web of Science. Se realizaron búsquedas adicionales de literatura gris en Google Scholar y Proquest. Las búsquedas se realizaron el 20 de marzo de 2023. El riesgo de sesgo de los ensayos clínicos aleatorios se evaluó mediante la Herramienta de Riesgo de Sesgo (RoB 2) de la Colaboración Cochrane. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudios de simulación con recogida de cortisol salival y evaluación del rendimiento, publicados en cualquier periodo en portugués, inglés y español. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 estudios que midieron el estrés mediante cortisol salival y se analizaron mediante síntesis descriptiva y análisis cualitativo. Conclusión: Algunos estudios mostraron una relación entre el estrés y el rendimiento, que puede ser beneficiosa o perjudicial para el participante. Sin embargo, otros estudios no mostraron esta correlación, lo que puede no haberse debido a cuestiones metodológicas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar como o estresse mensurado por cortisol salivar durante a educação baseada em simulação clínica ou simulação e outro método de ensino, tem impacto no desempenho. Método: Revisão sistemática da associação do cortisol com o desempenho em simulações. Foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, LIVIVO, Scopus, EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Web of Science. Pesquisa adicional de literatura cinzenta foi realizada no Google Scholar e no Proquest. As buscas ocorreram em 20 de março de 2023. O risco de viés dos ensaios clínicos randomizados, foi avaliado pela ferramenta Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). Foram critérios de inclusão: estudos de simulação com coleta de cortisol salivar e avaliação de desempenho, publicados em qualquer período em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: 11 estudos foram incluídos, os quais mensuraram o estresse utilizando o cortisol salivar e analisados através da síntese descritiva e da análise qualitativa. Conclusão: Alguns estudos mostraram haver relação entre estresse e desempenho, podendo ser benéfico ou prejudicial ao participante. Porém, outros estudos não apresentaram essa correlação que pode não ter ocorrido por questões metodológicas.

Results of the Last 5 Years (2018-2022) of the Specialist Title Exam of The Brazilian College of Surgeons / Avaliação dos resultados dos últimos 5 anos (2018-2022) da prova do Título de Especialista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões

ABSTRACT The article discusses the evolution of the Brazilian College of Surgeons (CBC) specialist title exam, highlighting the importance of evaluating not only theoretical knowledge, but also the practical skills and ethical behavior of candidates. The test was instituted in 1971, initially with only the written phase, and later included the oral practical test, starting with the 13th edition in 1988. In 2022, the assessment process was improved by including the use of simulated stations in the practical test, with the aim of assessing practical and communication skills, as well as clinical reasoning, in order to guarantee excellence in the assessment of surgeons training. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the performance of candidates in the last five years of the Specialist Title Test and to compare the performance results between the different surgical training groups of the candidates. The results obtained by candidates from the various categories enrolled in the test in the 2018 to 2022 editions were analyzed. There was a clear and statistically significant difference between doctors who had completed three years of residency recognized by the Ministry of Education in relation to the other categories of candidates for the Specialist Title..

RESUMO O artigo aborda a evolução da prova de título de especialista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões (CBC), destacando a importância de avaliar não apenas o conhecimento teórico, mas também as habilidades práticas e o comportamento ético dos candidatos. A prova foi instituída em 1971, inicialmente com apenas a fase escrita, e posteriormente foi incluída a prova prática oral, a partir da 13ª edição em 1988. Em 2022, foi aprimorado o processo de avaliação, incluindo na prova prática o uso de estações simuladas, visando avaliar habilidades práticas e de comunicação, além do raciocínio clínico, buscando garantir a excelência da avaliação da formação dos cirurgiões. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar o desempenho dos candidatos nos últimos cinco anos da Prova de Título de Especialista e comparar os resultados dos desempenhos entre os diferentes grupos de formação cirúrgica dos candidatos. Foram analisados os resultados obtidos pelos candidatos das diversas categorias inscritas na prova nas edições de 2018 a 2022. Ficou evidente e estatisticamente significativa a diferença entre os médicos que fizeram três anos de residência reconhecida pelo MEC em relação aos demais categorias de candidatos ao Título de Especialista.

Relación entre las competencias profesionales de los enfermeros en emergencias y el producto del cuidado de enfermería / Relationship between emergency nurses' professional competencies and the Nursing care product / Relação das competências profissionais do enfermeiro em emergência com o produto do cuidar em enfermagem

Objetivo: relacionar las competencias profesionales de los enfermeros de urgencia y emergencia con el producto del cuidado de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en las unidades de urgencia y emergencia de dos hospitales públicos. Participaron 91 enfermeros, 3 residentes de enfermería, 4 coordinadores y 1 gestor. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos validados: 1) Escala de Competencia de las Acciones de los Enfermeros en Emergencias y 2) Evaluación del Producto del Cuidado de Enfermería. Se utilizaron factores y dominios, respectivamente. Se aplicaron estadística descriptiva, alfa de Cronbach, pruebas de Wilcoxon y correlación de Spearman (p<0,05). Resultados: para las competencias profesionales se registraron valores más altos en la autoevaluación (p<0,001). En las 1.410 evaluaciones del producto del cuidado de enfermería, prevaleció el puntaje "bueno" (n=1034 - 73,33%). El dominio "dimensionamiento del personal de enfermería" se relacionó con los factores "práctica profesional" r=0,52719, "relaciones en el trabajo" r=0,54319, "desafío positivo" r=0,51199, "acción dirigida" r=0,43229, "conducta constructiva" r=0,25601 y "adaptación al cambio" r=0,22095; el dominio "seguimiento y transferencia del cuidado", con "práctica profesional" r=0,47244, "relaciones en el trabajo" r=0,46993, "desafío positivo" r=0,41660 y "adaptación al cambio" r=0,31905 y el dominio "satisfacción de las necesidades asistenciales", con "práctica profesional" r=0,32933, "relaciones en el trabajo" r=0,31168, "desafío positivo" r=0,29845 y "adaptación al cambio" r=0,28817. Conclusión: hay relación entre las competencias profesionales y los dominios del producto del cuidado de enfermería.

Objective: to relate urgency and emergency nurses' professional competencies with the Nursing care product. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted in the urgency and emergency units of two public hospitals. The participants were 91 nurses, 3 Nursing residents, 4 coordinators and 1 manager. Two validated instruments were used: 1) Competence Scale of Actions of Nurses in Emergencies and 2) Nursing Care Product Evaluation. Factors and domains were used, respectively. Descriptive statistics were applied, as well as Cronbach's alpha, Wilcoxon and Spearman's correlation tests (p<0.05). Results: in the professional competencies, higher values were verified for self-evaluation (p<0.001). In all 1,410 Nursing care product assessments, there was predominance of the "Good" score (n=1,034 - 73.33%). The "Nursing staffing" domain was related to the "Professional practice" (r=0.52719), "Relationships at work" (r=0.54319), "Positive challenge" (r=0.51199), "Targeted action" (r=0.43229), "Constructive behavior" (r=0.25601) and "Adaptation to change" (r=0.22095) factors; the "Care monitoring and transfer" domain, with "Professional practice" (r=0.47244), "Relationships at work" (r=0.46993), "Positive challenge" (r=0.41660) and "Adaptation to change" (r=0.31905) and the "Meeting care needs" domain, with "Professional practice" (r=0.32933), "Relationships at work" (r=0.31168), "Positive challenge" (r=0.29845) and "Adaptation to change" (r=0.28817). Conclusion: there is a relationship between professional competencies and the Nursing care product domains.

Objetivo: relacionar as competências profissionais do enfermeiro em urgência e emergência com o produto do cuidar em enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado nas unidades de urgência e emergência de dois hospitais públicos. Participaram 91 enfermeiros, 3 residentes em enfermagem, 4 coordenadores e 1 gerente. Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos validados: 1) Escala de Competências das Ações dos Enfermeiros em Emergências e 2) Avaliação do Produto do Cuidar em Enfermagem. Utilizaram-se fatores e domínios, respectivamente. Aplicaram-se estatística descritiva, alfa de Cronbach, testes Wilcoxon e correlação de Spearman (p<0,05). Resultados: em competências profissionais, verificaram-se maiores valores para autoavaliação (p<0,001). Nas 1.410 avaliações do produto do cuidar em enfermagem, predominou o escore "bom" (n=1034 - 73,33%). O domínio "dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem" relacionou-se com os fatores "prática profissional" r=0,52719, "relações no trabalho" r=0,54319, "desafio positivo" r=0,51199, "ação direcionada" r=0,43229, "conduta construtiva" r=0,25601 e "adaptação à mudança" r=0,22095; o domínio "acompanhamento e transferência do cuidado", com "prática profissional" r=0,47244, "relações no trabalho" r=0,46993, "desafio positivo" r=0,41660 e "adaptação à mudança" r=0,31905 e o domínio "atendimento das necessidades assistenciais", com "prática profissional" r=0,32933, "relações no trabalho" r=0,31168, "desafio positivo" r=0,29845 e "adaptação à mudança" r=0,28817. Conclusão: existe relação entre as competências profissionais e os domínios do produto do cuidar em enfermagem.

A scoping review and critical evaluation of the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines on nutrition in the preconception.

Introduction: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) contain recommendations for specific clinical circumstances, including maternal malnutrition. This study aimed to identify the CPGs that provide recommendations for preventing, diagnosing, and treating women's malnutrition. Additionally, we sought to assess the methodological quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. Methods: An online search for CPGs was performed, looking for those that contained lifestyle and nutritional recommendations to prevent, diagnose and treat malnutrition in women during the preconception period using PubMed and different websites. The reviewers utilized the AGREE II instrument to appraise the quality of the CPGs. We defined high-quality guidelines with a final score of > 70%. Results: The titles and abstracts from 30 guidelines were screened for inclusion, of which 20 guidelines were fully reviewed for quality assessment. The overall quality assessment of CPGs was 73%, and only 55% reached a high-quality classification. The domains in the guidelines classified as high-quality had the highest scores in "Scope and Purpose" and "Clarity of Presentation" with a median of 98.5 and 93%, respectively. Discussion: Further assessment is needed to improve the quality of the guidelines, which is an opportunity to strengthen them, especially in the domains with the lowest scores.

Do the clinical practice guidelines for paediatric dentistry meet the quality standards? A meta-research and quality appraisal using the AGREE II tool.

BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) enhance health care and aid clinicians' decisions. AIM: To evaluate the quality of clinical guidelines in paediatric dentistry using the AGREE II tool. DESIGN: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LIVIVO, Lilacs, international guidelines websites, scientific societies, and gray literature were searched until September 2021. We included paediatric dental clinical guidelines and excluded drafts or guidelines for patients with special needs. Two independent reviewers performed quality assessment using the APPRAISAL OF GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH & EVALUATION II (AGREE II) instrument. We calculated the mean overall domain scores (95% confidence interval) for each guideline. We used regression analysis to correlate the score of overall assessment and the six domains of AGREE II with guideline characteristics. RESULTS: Forty-four guidelines were included in this study. Highest mean score was for Domain 4 (Clarity of Presentation; 58%, 95% CI: 50.8-64.9), whereas the lowest was for Domain 5 (Applicability; 16%, 95% CI: 10.8-21.4). The reporting quality was improved in Domains 1-5 with reporting checklists (p < .001), whereas that of Domain 6 was improved by decreasing years since publication (p = .047). CONCLUSION: Paediatric dental guidelines do not comply with the methodological quality standard, especially in Domain 5 (Applicability). The AGREE reporting checklist should be implemented with a system to evaluate the certainty of evidence for future guidelines.

Síndrome de burnout y desempeño laboral en el sector salud del Perú / Burnout síndrome and work performance in the health sector of Peru / Síndrome de burnout e desempenho no trabalho no setor de saúde do Peru

El sector de la salud se encuentra actualmente con una alta demanda de atención tanto en la atención primaria como de emergencia dentro de los centros hospitalario. Por ello, los profesionales de la salud tienen una alta probabilidad de desarrollar cuadros de estrés laboral por las características de su trabajo, y la rapidez en la atención con la cual tienen que lidiar día tras día. Objetivo. Evaluar la relación del síndrome de burnout con el desempeño laboral en el sector salud de Perú. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se estableció bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, de análisis correlacional, con diseño no experimental, de corte transversal. La muestra considerada fue de 75 servidores de salud perteneciente a un centro de salud del territorio peruano; como la técnica se usó encuesta y el instrumento el utilizado fue el cuestionario tipo Likert. Resultados. Se evidencio que un 41,4% los encuestados consideran que existe un alto nivel de síndrome de burnout, y que se tiene un nivel regular de desempeño laboral en un 45,3%, adicionalmente un valor de -0,637 de Rho de Spearman con una significancia de 0,000. Conclusiones. El síndrome de burnout se relaciona de forma negativa moderada con el desempeño laboral en el sector salud del Perú, denotando que en la medida que se tenga un nivel bajo de síndrome de burnout, genera un mejor desempeño laboral y viceversa.

The health sector is currently facing a high demand for care in both primary care and emergency care within hospital centers. Therefore, health professionals have a high probability of developing occupational stress due to the characteristics of their work, and the speed of care with which they have to deal day after day. Objective. To evaluate the relationship between burnout syndrome and work performance in the Peruvian health sector. Materials and methods. The study was established under a quantitative approach, correlational analysis, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample considered was 75 health workers belonging to a health center in Peru; the technique used was a survey and the instrument used was a Likert-type questionnaire. Results. It was found that 41.4% of the respondents consider that there is a high level of burnout syndrome, and that 45.3% have a regular level of work performance, in addition to a value of -0.637 of Spearman's Rho with a significance of 0.000. Conclusions. burnout syndrome is moderately negatively related to work performance in the Peruvian health sector, indicating that the lower the level of burnout syndrome, the better the work performance and vice versa.

Atualmente, o setor de saúde enfrenta uma alta demanda tanto de atendimento primário quanto de atendimento de emergência em hospitais. Como resultado, os profissionais de saúde têm uma alta probabilidade de desenvolver estresse relacionado ao trabalho devido às características de seu trabalho e à velocidade do atendimento com que têm de lidar diariamente. Objetivo. Avaliar a relação entre a síndrome de burnout e o desempenho no trabalho no setor de saúde no Peru. Materiais e métodos. O estudo foi realizado com uma abordagem quantitativa, análise correlacional, com um desenho não experimental e transversal. A amostra considerada foi de 75 profissionais de saúde pertencentes a um centro de saúde no Peru; a técnica utilizada foi uma pesquisa e o instrumento utilizado foi um questionário do tipo Likert. Resultados. Verificou-se que 41,4% dos entrevistados consideram que há um alto nível de síndrome de burnout e que 45,3% têm um nível regular de desempenho no trabalho, além de um valor de -0,637 de Spearman's Rho com uma significância de 0,000. Conclusões. A síndrome de burnout está moderadamente relacionada de forma negativa ao desempenho no trabalho no setor de saúde peruano, indicando que quanto menor o nível de síndrome de burnout, melhor o desempenho no trabalho e vice-versa.

Critical appraisal tools used in systematic reviews of in vitro cell culture studies: A methodological study.

Systematic reviews (SRs) of preclinical studies are marked with poor methodological quality. In vitro studies lack assessment tools to improve the quality of preclinical research. This methodological study aimed to identify, collect, and analyze SRs based on cell culture studies to highlight the current appraisal tools utilized to support the development of a validated critical appraisal tool for cell culture in vitro research. SRs, scoping reviews, and meta-analyses that included cell culture studies and used any type of critical appraisal tool were included. Electronic search, study selection, data collection and methodological quality (MQ) assessment tool were realized. Further, statistical analyses regarding possible associations and correlations between MQ and collected data were performed. After the screening process, 82 studies remained for subsequent analysis. A total of 32 different appraisal tools were identified. Approximately 60% of studies adopted pre-structured tools not designed for cell culture studies. The most frequent instruments were SYRCLE (n = 14), OHAT (n = 9), Cochrane Collaboration's tool (n = 7), GRADE (n = 6), CONSORT (n = 5), and ToxRTool (n = 5). The studies were divided into subgroups to perform statistical analyses. A significant association (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 1.54-16.20, p = 0.008) was found between low MQ and chronic degenerative disorders as topic of SR. Several challenges in collecting information from the included studies led to some modifications related to the previously registered protocol. These results may serve as a basis for further development of a critical appraisal tool for cell culture studies capable of capturing all the essential factors related to preclinical research, therefore enhancing the practice of evidence-based.

Comparativo de indicadores de estrutura das unidades de saúde entre os ciclos de 2013-2018 do PMAQ / Comparison of health facilities structure indicators between the 2013-2018 PMAQ cycles

O Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica foi parte importante do processo de negociação e pactuação das três esferas de gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde e objetiva avaliar os resultados da Atenção Básica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como se comportaram os indicadores de estrutura nas Unidades de Saúde brasileiras que participaram do segundo e terceiro ciclo do PMAQ­AB, a fim de compará-los. Trata-se de estudo ecológico transversal, com análise de banco de dados de acesso público dos municípios brasileiros. Os desfechos considerados foram o número de indicadores de estrutura para cada equipe e a variação na quantidade de indicadores de estrutura. O nordeste foi a região com maior adesão de equipes de saúde foi a Nordeste. Entre os indicadores de estrutura, houve melhora significativa na construção de salas de vacina e salas para dispensação de medicamentos.

The National Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Health Care was an important part of the negotiation and agreement process among the three levels of management of the Brazilian Unified Health System, aiming to evaluate theresults of Primary Care.The objective of this study was to evaluate how structure indicators behaved in Brazilian health units that participated in the second and third cycles of the program, in order to discuss the hypothesis that resources produce improvements in structure indicators. This is a cross-sectional ecological study that analyzed publicly available databases of Brazilian municipalities. The outcomes considered were the number of structure indicators for each team and the variation in the quantity of structure indicators.The Northeast region had the highest adherence of health teams. Among the structure indicators, there was a significant improvement in the construction of vaccination rooms and rooms for dispensing medication.

Construção e validação de cenário clínico e checklist para avaliação de competências na reanimação cardiopulmonar / Construction and validation of a clinical scenario and checklist for assessing cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills / Construcción y validación de un escenario clínico y lista de control para evaluar las competencias en reanimación cardiopulmonar

RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar cenário simulado e checklist para avaliação de habilidades no atendimento do paciente hemodinamicamente instável com evolução à Parada Cardiorrespiratória; e testar aplicabilidade à população-alvo, avaliando habilidades e satisfação/autoconfiança com a aprendizagem. Método: estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas (desenvolvimento do cenário e checklist, validação por juízes e teste-piloto) no período entre abril de 2020 e setembro de 2021, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaram 14 juízes e 24 estudantes de enfermagem. Resultados: o cenário e checklist alcançaram Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo superior a 90. As habilidades foram desenvolvidas adequadamente, com média 4,71 ± 0,24 na escala de satisfação-autoconfiança, e 4,83 ± 0,25 para design da simulação. Conclusão: o cenário poderá contribuir para: aperfeiçoar as atividades educativas na graduação e educação em saúde; e subsidiar estudos futuros, a fim de ampliar a qualidade do atendimento e da assistência ao paciente hemodinamicamente instável com evolução à parada cardiorrespiratória.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and validate a simulated scenario and checklist to assess skills in the care of hemodynamically unstable patients with evolution to Cardiorespiratory Arrest, and to test applicability to the target population, assessing skills and satisfaction/self-confidence with learning. Method: methodological study carried out in three stages (development of the scenario and checklist, validation by judges and pilot test) between April 2020 and September 2021, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fourteen judges and 24 nursing students participated. Results: the scenario and checklist achieved a Content Validity Coefficient greater than 90. The skills were adequately developed, with a mean of 4.71 ± 0.24 on the satisfaction-self-confidence scale, and 4.83 ± 0.25 for simulation design. Conclusion: The scenario may contribute to improving educational activities in undergraduate and health education and subsidize future studies to increase the quality of care and assistance to hemodynamically unstable patients with evolution to cardiac arrest.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar un escenario simulado y una lista de verificación para evaluar las habilidades en la atención de pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables con evolución a Parada Cardiorrespiratoria; y probar la aplicabilidad a la población objetivo, evaluando las habilidades y la satisfacción/autoconfianza con el aprendizaje. Método: estudio metodológico realizado en tres etapas (desarrollo del escenario y lista de verificación, validación por jueces y prueba piloto) entre abril de 2020 y septiembre de 2021, en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaron 14 jueces y 24 estudiantes de enfermería. Resultados: el escenario y la lista de verificación alcanzaron un Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido superior a 90. Las habilidades se desarrollaron adecuadamente, con una media de 4,71 ± 0,24 en la escala de satisfacción-autoconfianza, y de 4,83 ± 0,25 para el diseño de la simulación. Conclusión: el escenario puede contribuir a: mejorar las actividades educativas de pregrado y formación sanitaria; y subvencionar futuros estudios para aumentar la calidad de la atención y asistencia a pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables con evolución a parada cardiaca.

Characterisation and sensory appraisal of fresh 'molido' cheese from cows fed different levels of sunflower silage inclusion in small-scale dairy systems.

Small-scale dairy systems require feeding strategies to improve their productivity and sustainability. These systems in central Mexico mostly sell their milk to local artisan cheese makers. Cow diets influence milk and dairy products composition; therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect on physicochemical characteristics, sensory appraisal, and economic performance of cheese made with milk from cows fed different levels of sunflower silage (SFSL). Treatments were the inclusion of SFSL in the forage DM component of diets (T0 = 0% SFSL; T20 = 20%; T40 = 40%; and, T60 = 60%). Physicochemical composition was analysed by analysis of variance in a completely randomised design and the sensory assessment of the cheese was with a hedonistic five-point scale and the results were analysed by means of descriptive statistics and a radar graph. Partial budgets were used for economic analyses. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) for all physicochemical variables (moisture content, cheese yield, protein, fat content, and pH) of the cheese, with higher values for yield, protein, and fat content in the treatments that included SFSL. Sensory assessment values were in the average perception range of judges. Treatments that included SFSL had lower production costs, higher margins over costs, and higher returns/costs ratios. The inclusion of sunflower silage at 40 and 60% of the forage component of diets for dairy cows in small-scale dairy systems had positive effects. Yields of cheese as well as protein and fat content were higher. There were positive sensory attributes that meant acceptance by consumers, lower production costs, and higher incomes from cheese making.

Satisfacción laboral de los académicos de la licenciatura de cirujano dentista de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / ob satisfaction of the dental surgeon academics from the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Objetivo : Conocer la satisfacción laboral en los académicos de la licenciatura de Cirujano Dentista del Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el período 2019. Material y métodos : Estudio observacional, prolectivo, transversal, descriptivo. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 123 académicos, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario de 20 ítems con respuestas en escala Likert (α de Cronbach 0.845). Resultados : Del total de encuestados, el 45% (55) del sexo masculino, 55% (68) del femenino, con una media de edad de 36.5 (± 9.6) años. El 48% (59) de los académicos se encuentran satisfechos con el trabajo docente que realizan, en contraste, el 25% (31) está muy insatisfechos. Entre los factores que influyen en la insatisfacción se encontró: La carga horaria, sobre todo los que tienen en turno mixto, el poco apoyo que la institución da para estudiar un posgrado, el estrés que conlleva la responsabilidad de supervisar a los estudiantes en el área clínica en la atención a pacientes. La insatisfacción se presenta en mayor proporción en académicos con una edad ≥ 50 años. Conclusiones : Los factores referidos que influyen en la insatisfacción son: el bajo salario, las inadecuadas instalaciones para impartir clase, la falta de apoyo para la capacitación por parte de la institución, el no reconocimiento al trabajo realizado. Llama la atención que, en la licenciatura de Cirujano Dentista donde el trabajo en equipo es de suma importancia, este no se dé o se dé muy pocas veces.

Objective : To know the job satisfaction in the Dental Surgeon academics from the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, during 2019. Methods : Observational, prolective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study population consisted of 123 academics, to whom a 20-item questionnaire was applied with responses on the Likert scale (Cronbach's α 0.845). Results : Of the total number of respondents, 45% (55) were male, 55% (68) were female, with a mean age of 36.5 (± 9.6) years. 48% (59) of the academics are satisfied with the teaching work they do, in contrast, 25% (31) are very dissatisfied. Among the factors that influence dissatisfaction, the following was found: The workload, especially those who have a mixed shift, the little support that the institution gives to study a postgraduate course, the stress that comes with the responsibility of supervising students in the area clinic in patient care. Dissatisfaction occurs in a higher proportion in academics aged ≥ 50 years. Conclusions : The referred factors that influence dissatisfaction are: low salary, inadequate facilities to teach classes, lack of support for training by the institution, non-recognition of the work done. It is striking that, in the Dental Surgeon degree where teamwork is of the utmost importance, this does not occur or occurs very rarely.

Conflito distributivo: análise do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) em duas capitais nordestinas / Conflicto distributivo: análisis del Programa de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB) en dos capitales del nordeste de Brasil / Distributive conflict: analysis of the Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) in two Brazilian northeastern capitals

Este artigo analisa a execução do PMAQ-AB a partir de sua contextualização em um cenário político nacional de profundas transformações, desde o reformismo fraco que promoveu lenta extensão de direitos até o contrarreformismo forte da restauração neoliberal. Para debater os elementos relacionados ao trabalho e às disputas pela distribuição dos recursos públicos, foi realizado estudo de caso com trabalhadores, gestores e conselheiros de saúde em duas capitais do nordeste brasileiro. Os resultados evidenciam o acirramento do conflito distributivo e o resultado desfavorável aos trabalhadores no contexto pós-golpe parlamentar de 2016. As dinâmicas locais expõem processos de contração salarial e individualização das relações de trabalho e a reafirmação da meritocracia como justificativa ideológica da precarização. A isso, trabalhadores se contrapõem pela reafirmação de sua condição coletiva de classe, em favor de benefícios derivados do PMAQ, como recomposição salarial para todos.(AU)

Este artículo analiza la realización del PMAQ-AB a partir de su contextualización en un escenario político nacional de profundas transformaciones, desde el reformismo débil que promovió una lenta extensión de derechos contra el reformismo fuerte de la restauración neoliberal. Para discutir los elementos relacionados al trabajo y a las disputas por la distribución en los recursos públicos se realizó un estudio de caso con trabajadores, gestores y consejeros de salud en dos capitales del nordeste brasileño. Los resultados ponen en evidencia el recrudecimiento del conflicto distributivo y el resultado desfavorable para los trabajadores en el contexto post-golpe parlamentario de 2016. Las dinámicas locales exponen procesos de contracción salarial e individualización de las relaciones de trabajo y la reafirmación de la meritocracia como justificativa ideológica de la precarización. A eso se contraponen los trabajadores por medio de la reafirmación de su condición colectiva de clase, en favor del beneficio derivado del PMAQ con la recomposición salarial para todos.(AU)

This article analyzes the implementation of the Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) in the context of a national political scenario of deep transformations, from the weak reformism that promoted slow extension of rights to the strong counter-reformism of neoliberal restoration. It is a case study with health workers, managers, and counselors in two capital cities in northeastern Brazil, discussing matters of work and distributive disputes of public resources. Results show the intensification of these conflicts in health and the unfavorable outcome for workers after the parliamentary coup in 2016 political context. Local dynamics expose the wage contraction and individualization of labor relations and the reassertion of meritocracy as an ideological ground for precariousness. Workers oppose this, reaffirming their collective class condition, favoring the benefit derived from PMAQ for fully regaining their group wages.(AU)

Competência profissional do enfermeiro na unidade de trauma / Professional competence of nurses in the trauma unit

Objetivo: Analizar la competencia profesional del personal de enfermería en la unidad de trauma. Metodología: Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, que fue desarrollada con 47 profesionales de enfermería. Este grupo se desempeñaba en cuatro sectores de riesgo de la unidad de trauma de un hospital público en el noreste de Brasil. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado sobre la competencia profesional del personal de enfermería en emergencias, compuesto por módulos y dominios, entre ellos variables sociodemográficas, formación profesional, caso ficticio y autoevaluación de las acciones diarias correspondientes a la realidad laboral. La recolección de datos se realizó de julio a septiembre de 2019. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva, el software SPSS y la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Para verificar la significancia, se adoptó un valor de p<0.05. Resultados: Se observó que la mayoría de personas participantes eran del sexo femenino, especialistas y tenían más de una relación laboral. En cuanto a los dominios ''relaciones de trabajo'' y ''práctica profesional'', las personas participantes se autoevaluaron como ''muy competentes'' o ''extremadamente competentes'' en todas las acciones que retratan la realidad de trabajo en que están insertas. En el dominio ''excelencia profesional'', la acción ''participa periódicamente en simulación realista en emergencias'' fue la única evaluada como ''poco competente''. En el caso ficticio, en las tres declaraciones, más de la mitad de las personas participantes calificó el comportamiento de la persona profesional en enfermería como ''extremadamente competente'', ''muy competente'' o ''competente''. Conclusión: La mayoría de profesionales en enfermería no juzgaron correctamente las acciones realizadas por la persona enfermera en el caso ficticio, aunque se autoevaluaron como competentes en las acciones que realizan diariamente. Por lo tanto, el estudio plantea la necesidad de que el servicio invierta en educación permanente vinculada al compromiso profesional para garantizar una atención de alta calidad.

Objetivo: Analisar a competência profissional do enfermeiro na unidade de trauma. Metodologia: Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e transversal, desenvolvida com 47 enfermeiros que atuavam em quatro setores da unidade de trauma do hospital público no nordeste brasileiro. Aplicou-se questionário validado sobre a competência profissional do enfermeiro em emergências composto por variáveis sociodemográficas, de formação profissional, um caso fictício e autoavaliação das ações diárias correspondente à realidade do trabalho. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de julho a setembro de 2019. Para análise dos dados, utilizou estatísticas descritivas, o software SPSS e teste do qui-quadrado, para verificar significância adotou-se valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se que a maioria dos enfermeiros eram do sexo feminino, especialistas e possuíam mais de um vínculo empregatício. Referente aos domínios ''Relações de Trabalho'' e ''Prática Profissional'', os enfermeiros se autoavaliaram como ''muito competente'' ou ''extremamente competente'' em todas as ações que retratam a realidade de trabalho na qual estavam inseridos. No domínio ''Excelência profissional'' a ação ''Participa de simulação realística em emergências periodicamente'' foi a única avaliada como ''pouco competente''. No caso fictício, nas três afirmativas, mais da metade dos enfermeiros julgaram como ''extremamente competente'', ''muito competente'' ou ''competente'' a conduta do enfermeiro no caso. Conclusão: A maioria dos enfermeiros não julgaram corretamente as ações realizadas pelo enfermeiro no caso fictício, mesmo se autoavaliando como competentes nas ações que desempenham diariamente. Sendo assim, o estudo levanta a necessidade do serviço de investir em educação permanente atrelado ao empenho profissional para garantir cuidados de alta qualidade.

Aim: To analyze the professional competence of nurses in trauma units. Methods: This was a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study developed with 47 nurses who work in four areas of the trauma unit of a public hospital in the Northeast of Brazil. A validated Likert Scale questionnaire was applied to evaluate the professional competence of nurses during emergencies; this scale included sociodemographic variables, professional training, a fictitious case, and a self-assessment of daily activities related to the reality of work. The data collection was carried out from July to September 2019. To analyze the data, the researchers employed descriptive statistics or the SPSS software and a qui-square test to verify the significance using a p value of <0.05. Results: It was observed that the majority of the nurses were female specialists who had more than one employment relationship. Regarding the domains ''Work Relations'' and ''Professional Practice'', the nurses assessed themselves as ''highly competent'' or ''extremely competent'' in all the actions that portray the reality of work in which they are immersed. In the ''Professional Excellence'' domain, the action ''periodically participates in realistic simulation in emergencies'' was the only one evaluated as ''little competent''. In the fictitious case, across all three statements, more than half of the nurses rated the nurse's behavior in the case as ''extremely competent'', ''very competent'', or ''competent''. Conclusion: Most of the nurses do not correctly judge the actions performed by the nurse in a fictitious case, even when they self-assess themselves as competent in the actions they perform daily. The study also raises the need for the service to invest in permanent professional training endeavor to guarantee competent labor and high-quality care.

Scientific literacy and preferred resources used by Latin American medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational survey.

Background: This study aims to identify the preferred sources for acquiring knowledge about COVID-19 and to evaluate basic knowledge on critical scientific literature appraisal in students from medical schools located in Spanish speaking countries in Latin America.  Methods: We designed an online survey of 15 closed-ended questions related to demographics, preferred resources for COVID-19 training, and items to assess critical appraisal skills. A snowball method was used for sampling. We conducted a descriptive analysis and Chi-squared tests to compare the proportion of correct identification of the concept of a preprint and a predatory journal when considering a) self-perceived level of knowledge, b) public vs private school, c) inclusion of a scientific literature appraisal subject in the curriculum, and d) progress in medical school. Results: Our sample included 770 valid responses, out of which most of the participants included were from Mexico (n=283, 36.8%) and Ecuador (n=229, 29.7%). Participants preferred using evidence-based clinical resources (EBCRs) to learn more about COVID-19 (n=182, 23.6%). The preferred study design was case report/series (n=218, 28.1%). We found that only 265 participants correctly identified the concept of a preprint (34.4%), while 243 students (31.6%) correctly identified the characteristics of a predatory journal. We found no significant differences in the proportion of correct answers regardless of the self-perceived level of knowledge, progress in medical school, or scientific literature critical appraisal classes. Conclusion: This study is novel in its approach of identifying sources of knowledge used by Latin American medical students and provides insights into the need to reinforce training in critical appraisal of scientific literature during medical school.

Danger appraisal and pathogen-avoidance mechanisms in stigma towards severe mental illness: the mediating role of affective responses.

BACKGROUND: Stereotypes of dangerousness are common predictors of stigmatising attitudes towards Severe Mental Illness (SMI). However less is known about pathogen avoidance mechanisms underlying stigma towards SMI, specially in samples of non-industrialised societies of Latin America and the Caribbean. The primary aim of this study was to examine pathogen-disgust sensitivity and danger appraisal mechanisms in responses of stigma towards SMI. METHODS: Cross-sectional design with convenience sampling. Using an online survey, volunteers at the Universidad del Norte in Colombia (N = 271) provided their sociodemographic data and completed the Three-Domain Disgust Scale (TDDS). Participants were randomised to different descriptions of someone with SMI that varied in terms of aggressiveness (with and without danger) and causes of the SMI. Then, following the attribution questionnaire (AQ-27), respondents reported affective and discriminatory responses to the person in the description. RESULTS: Increased disgust sensitivity to pathogen stimuli resulted in stronger reports of anger (ß = .14; p = .03), and fear (ß = 0.27; p < 0.001). The relationship between disgust sensitivity and discriminatory responses was indirectly mediated by fear towards SMI (Bootstrapped CI =-.04,-.009). Dangerousness attributions in the description of SMI predicted stronger feelings of anger (ß = .23; p = 0.001) and fear (ß = .40; p < .001), as well increased support for coercion-segregation of SMI (ß = .34; p = 0.04), but less intentions to help (ß = -.26; p = 0.003). The relationship between dangerousness and support for coercion was mediated by fear (Bootstrapped CI = .72, 1.37) and anger (Bootstrapped CI = .06, .44), whereas pity (Bootstrapped CI = .03, .38) and fear (Bootstrapped CI = -1.39, -.69) mediated responses of support for coercion-segregation of SMI. Attributions about causes and personal responsibility were not significantly linked to stigma towards SMI (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggested that pathogen avoidance and danger appraisal systems interplay in the generation of discriminatory behaviour towards SMI. Anti-stigma programs and policy makers would benefit from introducing strategies that challenge stereotypes of dangerousness and unpredictability by promoting positive contact with people with SMI.