The relationship between HPV testing attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and vaccination attitudes: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) testing attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and vaccination attitudes. DESIGN: This study was a cross-sectional design. SAMPLE: This study was conducted between March 15, 2024, and June 2, 2024, through social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Telegram, by sharing on forum pages, and involved 674 women who volunteered to participate. MEASUREMENTS: The research data were collected using the "health belief model scale regarding HPV infection and vaccination (HBMS-HPVV)" and the "HPV Testing Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HTABS)," which were developed by the researchers through a literature review. RESULTS: The average age of the women participating in the study was 46.59 ± 11.15 years; 81.5% were married, 57.6% had no knowledge about cervical cancer, and 62.2% had no knowledge about the HPV vaccine, a protective vaccine against cervical cancer. The average scores for the subdimensions of severity, barriers, benefits, and susceptibility of the HBMS-HPVV were 3.19 ± 0.60, 2.96 ± 1.22, 2.29 ± 1.40, and 3.92 ± 0.49, respectively. The average scores for the subdimensions of personal barriers, social norms, confidence, and worries of the HTABS were 31.14 ± 19.27, 7.57 ± 4.47, 30.03 ± 7.18, and 11.91 ± 2.52, respectively. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between all HBMS-HPVV subdimensions and the HTABS subdimensions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The study found that as the perceived severity increases, the perceived benefits, susceptibility, and confidence increase, while the perceived barriers, personal barriers, social norms, and worries decrease. Based on these results, it is recommended that women's health nurses provide education and seminars to raise awareness about cervical cancer, early screening and diagnosis programs, and the HPV vaccine.

Do autistic adults spontaneously reason about belief? A detailed exploration of alternative explanations.

Southgate et al.'s (Southgate 2007 Psychol. Sci. 18, 587-92 (doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01944.x)) anticipatory-looking paradigm has presented exciting yet inconclusive evidence surrounding spontaneous mentalizing in autism. The present study aimed to develop this paradigm to address alternative explanations for the lack of predictive eye movements on false-belief tasks by autistic adults. This was achieved through implementing a multi-trial design with matched true-belief conditions, and both high and low inhibitory demand false-belief conditions. We also sought to inspect if any group differences were related to group-specific patterns of attention on key events. Autistic adults were compared with non-autistic adults on this adapted implicit mentalizing task and an established explicit task. The two groups performed equally well in the explicit task; however, autistic adults did not show anticipatory-looking behaviour in the false-belief trials of the implicit task. Critically, both groups showed the same attentional distribution in the implicit task prior to action prediction, indicating that autistic adults process information from social cues in the same way as non-autistic adults, but this information is not then used to update mental representations. Our findings further document that many autistic people struggle to spontaneously mentalize others' beliefs, and this non-verbal paradigm holds promise for use with a wide range of ages and abilities.

Preoccupation with sleep and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep mediate the influence of psychological inflexibility on insomnia in the older adult population.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to explore whether the Discrepancy between the desired time in Bed and the desired total Sleep Time (DBST) index influences insomnia severity in the older adult population and examined the potential role of psychological inflexibility in this association. METHODS: An online survey study was conducted for older individuals aged ≥ 65 via a survey company between January and February 2023. A total of 300 responses and data without personally identifiable information were delivered to the researchers. The survey questionnaires include the DBST, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep-2 items (DBS-2), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). RESULTS: The analysis included 295 older adult participants. The DBST index was significantly correlated with all questionnaires. Linear regression revealed the DBST index was predicted only by the ISI (ß = 0.26, p = 0.003). Mediation analysis showed that the GSES (Z = 2.92, p = 0.003) and DBS-2 (Z = 2.17, p = 0.030) mediated the effect of the DBST index on the ISI, while the AAQ-II did not. Path analysis showed that the DBST could be directly predicted by the ISI (Z = 2.94, p = 0.003), GSES (Z = 2.75, p = 0.006), and DBS2 (Z = 2.71, p = 0.007) but not by the AAQ-II itself. However, the AAQ-II exerted a significant indirect effect on the ISI through the DBS-2 (Z = 2.21, p = 0.027) and GSES (z = 2.24, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that preoccupation and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may mediate the relationship between the DBST index and insomnia severity in the older adult population. We opine that psychological inflexibility might play a significant role in insomnia severity via preoccupation with and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.

The Relationship Between Religious Beliefs and Related Factors and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Secondary Analysis of Data From NIPHEAC, 2020.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the psychiatric symptoms and associated risk and protective factors among religious adolescents after 2-month home confinement against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in China. METHODS: 11,603 Chinese adolescents in grades 7-9 were recruited in this survey. An online survey was designed to collect the data. Participants were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale. RESULTS: Religious adolescents showed significantly more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to non-religious. 249 (2.2%) reported COVID-19 exposure. Logistic regression analysis revealed that religiosity was a risk factor for the symptoms of depression (p=0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001). Moreover, among those adolescents with religious beliefs, psychological resilience was protective in preventing depressive and anxiety symptoms. At the same time, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and a poor parent-child relationship were risk factors. CONCLUSION: Our finding indicates that religious adolescents easily develop depressive and anxiety symptoms, compared to non-religious adolescents. Moreover, those with emotional abuse, emotional abuse, and poor parent-child relationships are more likely to suffer from mental distress and should pay more attention to cope with their mental health.

Changing the Conversation: Empowering Community Pharmacists to Address Pneumococcal Vaccine Hesitancy.

BACKGROUND: Although pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for everyone 65 years of age and older, only 58% of Canadians in this age group have been vaccinated, well below the Public Health Agency of Canada's target of 80%. To improve uptake, a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial testing the effectiveness of a community pharmacist intervention was developed. OBJECTIVE: This pre-specified sub-study aimed to uncover and quantify factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy by exploring the nature of patient-pharmacist conversations about pneumococcal vaccine. METHODS: Beginning each month (April to August 2023), participating pharmacies were randomly selected to receive an education package designed to enhance pharmacists' knowledge, skills, and abilities in promoting pneumococcal vaccination. Pharmacists provided usual care (control stage) until they received the educational package and transitioned to the intervention stage. Weekly scorecards tracked patient-pharmacist conversations about pneumococcal vaccination. Chi-squared tests compared time taken for each conversation and patient-reported reason(s) for refusal between control and intervention stages. RESULTS: Thirteen pharmacies from across Alberta were included in the analysis, reporting 656 patient-pharmacist conversations (control stage n=271, intervention stage n=385). Time taken for pneumococcal vaccine conversations decreased after pharmacies received the education package (65% of conversations resulting in vaccination took <20 minutes in the control stage, compared to 88% in the intervention stage (p=0.004)). The most common patient-reported reason for refusal, needing more time to think about the vaccine, remained similar between stages (p=0.23). However, during the intervention stage, fewer patients refused vaccination due to lack of time to receive it today (p=0.016) and perceived lack of benefit (p=0.035), but more patients refused vaccination due to cost barriers (p=0.026). CONCLUSION: The education provided in this study changed the reasons for refusing vaccines, suggesting the nature of patient-pharmacist conversations became more efficient and informed. Similar interventions could be adopted across Canada and the US to help combat vaccine hesitancy.

Tracking politically motivated reasoning in the brain: the role of mentalizing, value-encoding, and error-detection networks.

Susceptibility to misinformation and belief polarization often reflect people's tendency to incorporate information in a biased way. Despite the presence of competing theoretical models, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of motivated reasoning remain elusive as previous empirical work did not properly track the belief formation process. To address this problem, we employed a design that identifies motivated reasoning as directional deviations from a Bayesian benchmark of unbiased belief updating. We asked members of a pro-immigration or an anti-immigration group how much they endorse factual messages on foreign criminality, a polarizing political topic. Both groups exhibited a desirability bias by over-endorsing attitude-consistent messages and under-endorsing attitude-discrepant messages and an identity bias by over-endorsing messages from ingroup members and under-endorsing messages from outgroup members. In both groups, neural responses to the messages predicted subsequent expression of desirability and identity biases suggesting a common neural basis of motivated reasoning across ideologically opposing groups. Specifically, brain regions implicated in encoding value, error detection, and mentalizing tracked the degree of desirability bias. Less extensive activation in the mentalizing network tracked the degree of identity bias. These findings illustrate the distinct neurocognitive architecture of desirability and identity biases and inform existing cognitive models of politically motivated reasoning.

The role of Contact-Tracing Mobile Apps in pandemic prevention: A multidisciplinary perspective on health beliefs, social, and technological factors.

During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, governments implemented mobile applications for contact tracing as a rapid and effective solution to mitigate the spread of the virus. However, these seemingly straightforward solutions did not achieve their intended objectives. In line with previous research, this paper aims to investigate the factors that influence the acceptance and usage of contact-tracing mobile apps (CTMAs) in the context of disease control. The research model in this paper integrates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and the Health Belief Model (HBM). The present study involved a diverse sample of 770 French participants of all genders, ages, occupations, and regions. Critical elements from the Health Belief Model, technological factors related to the app, and social factors, including the centrality of religiosity, were assessed using well-established measurement scales. The research's findings demonstrate that several factors, such as perceived benefits and perceived severity, social influence, health motivation, and centrality of religiosity, significantly impact the intention to use a CTMA. These findings suggest that CTMAs hold promise as valuable tools for managing future epidemics. However, addressing challenges, revising implementation strategies, and potentially collaborating with specialized industry partners under regulatory frameworks are crucial. This practical insight can guide policymakers and public health officials in their decision-making.

Exploring Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents in a Rural Pediatric Clinic System: A Statistical Study.

BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy has been a growing concern in the United States, particularly in rural areas where access to healthcare services may be limited. A rural pediatric clinic system in central Louisiana serves a population with historically low childhood immunization rates. This study explored the prevalence and determinants of vaccine hesitancy among parents of pediatric patients at the organization's clinics. METHODS: A qualitative survey was conducted among parents who declined vaccines for their children at the organization's clinics. The survey collected information on parents' attitudes, beliefs, decision-making processes regarding childhood vaccinations, and demographic information about the parents, including income and education levels. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and patterns in the survey responses. RESULTS: Thirty out of 47 parents (response rate: 64%) completed the survey. Most respondents (n=24, 80%) expressed concerns about vaccine safety and potential side effects. Many parents (n=16, 60%) cited information from social media and alternative health sources as influencing their decision to decline vaccines. Religious and philosophical beliefs were also common reasons for vaccine refusal (n=13, 43%). Another significant theme was the lack of trust in healthcare providers and the pharmaceutical industry (n=17, 53%). No significant differences in responses were observed based on the parent's race or the child's sex. Ninety percent of participants (n=27) reported a household income of under $50,000, and 87% of participants (n=26) had a high school education or less. CONCLUSION: Vaccine hesitancy among parents in this rural pediatric population appears to be driven by concerns about vaccine safety, exposure to misinformation, religious and philosophical beliefs, and distrust in the healthcare system. Addressing these factors through targeted education, provider communication, and community engagement may be essential for improving childhood immunization rates in this vulnerable population. The findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive, evidence-based interventions to combat vaccine hesitancy in rural communities.

The relationship between men's health literacy levels and their health beliefs and attitudes towards prostate cancer screening: A case study in a rural area.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between health literacy level and health beliefs and attitudes regarding prostate cancer screening in males aged 40-70 who lived in rural areas and had not been diagnosed with prostate cancer. The sample of the study consisted of 379 men. The data were collected between January and December 2022 using the "Participant Information Form," the "Turkey Health Literacy-32 Scale," and the "Prostate Cancer Screening Health Belief Model Scale." 58% of the participants are between the ages of 40-55. It was determined that 61.2% defined cancer as a fatal disease, only 14.2% had PSA in their blood and 21.6% had DRE. The average health literacy scale total score of the participants is 33.76 ± 11.55. The health literacy level of men was found to be limited in 14.8%. There was a negative relationship between the total scores of the health literacy scale and the susceptibility perception, seriousness perception, and barriers perception sub-dimensions of the Health Belief Model Scale of Cancer Screenings and a positive relationship between the total scores of the Health Literacy Scale and health motivation and benefits perception subdimensions (p < .001). As a result, men living in rural areas should be given individual counseling by health professionals to use screening tests for cancer symptoms and early diagnosis. In addition, men's health literacy levels should be increased by providing planned and regular health education in order to create positive attitudes and perceptions regarding cancer screenings, especially prostate cancer.

Climate risk analysis of low-altitude tea gardens in central Taiwan using a Bayesian network.

Tea is a vital agricultural product in Taiwan. Due to global warming, the increasing extreme weather events have disrupted tea garden conditions and caused economic losses in agriculture. To address these challenges, a comprehensive tea garden risk assessment model, a Bayesian network (BN), was developed by considering various factors, including meteorological data, disaster events, tea garden environment (location, altitude, tea tree age, and soil characteristics), farming practices, and farmer interviews, and constructed risk assessment indicators for tea gardens based on the climate change risk analysis concept from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC AR5). The results demonstrated an accuracy of over 92% in both validating and testing the model for tea tree damage and yield reduction. Sensitivity analysis revealed that tea tree damage and yield reduction were mutually influential, with weather, fertilization, and irrigation also impacting tea garden risk. Risk analysis under climate change scenarios from various global climate models (GCMs) indicated that droughts may pose the highest risk with up to 41% and 40% of serious tea tree growth damage and tea yield reduction, respectively, followed by cold events that most tea gardens may have less than 20% chances of serious impacts on tea tree growth and tea yield reduction. The impacts of heavy rains get the least concern because all five tea gardens may not be affected in terms of tea tree growth and tea yield with large chances of 67 to 85%. Comparing farming methods, natural farming showed lower disaster risk than conventional and organic approaches. The tea plantation risk assessment model can serve as a valuable resource for analyzing and offering recommendations for tea garden disaster management and is used to assess the impact of meteorological disasters on tea plantations in the future.

"It's Your Own Fault": Factors Influencing Victim Blaming.

This study examined the association between victimization and victim blaming using a sample of n = 142 participants in a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with the influence of subject gender, victim stereotyping level, threat level, and victim gender for victim blaming. Belief in a just world was included in the model as a covariate. Mediation analyses were conducted with the degree of identifiability with the victim and attitudes toward traditional role models as explanatory approaches. In addition, acceptance of rape myths was considered. The GLMM analyses suggest that victim blaming by male subjects was significantly higher on average than by female subjects when all other predictors were held constant. As an explanatory approach for these effects of the subjects' gender on victim blaming, partial mediation was found with the degree of identification with the victim as a mediator. No main effects were found for the other influencing factors, but only a statistically significant three-way interaction. This indicates a differential effect of the level of stereotyping for male and female victims in conditions that end in high threat. The finding of the main effect of subjects' gender seems to be particularly important for the legal system, as it appears to make a difference in who is asked in terms of victim blameworthiness. This finding highlights the importance of considering a victim's personal characteristics and the need for future research with an additional focus on the characteristics of the sentencers to help clarify potential biases.

Exploring the relationship between frequent cannabis use, belief updating under uncertainty and psychotic-like symptoms.

Background: Cannabis users present an important group for investigating putative mechanisms underlying psychosis, as cannabis-use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. Recent work suggests that alterations in belief-updating under uncertainty underlie psychosis. We therefore compared belief updating under uncertainty between cannabis and non-cannabis users. Methods: 49 regular cannabis users and 52 controls completed the Space Game, via an online platform used for behavioral testing. In the task, participants were asked to predict the location of the stimulus based on previous information, under different uncertainty conditions. Mixed effects models were used to identify significant predictors of mean score, confidence, performance error and learning rate. Results: Both groups showed decreased confidence in high noise conditions, and increased belief updating in more volatile conditions, suggesting that they could infer the degree and sources of uncertainty. There were no significant effects of group on any of the performance indices. However, within the cannabis group, frequent users showed worse performance than less frequent users. Conclusion: Belief updating under uncertainty is not affected by cannabis use status but could be impaired in those who use cannabis more frequently. This finding could show a similarity between frequent cannabis use and psychosis risk, as predictors for abnormal belief-updating.

The association between task interdependence and participation in decision-making: a moderated mediation model in mental healthcare.

Participation in decision-making is crucial to healthcare workers collaborating across professions. Important correlates of participation in decision-making include task interdependence, informational role self-efficacy, and beliefs in the benefits of interprofessional collaboration. We hypothesised that although task interdependence is directly related to participation in decision-making, the relationship is mediated by informational role self-efficacy. Beliefs in the benefits in interprofessional collaboration act as a mediator. A sample of 315 mental healthcare workers answered validated questionnaires. Conditional processing was used to test the moderated mediation. Generally, the results confirmed our hypotheses. There was a direct relationship between task interdependence and participation in decision-making and it was mediated by informational role self-efficacy, and both relationships depend on whether healthcare workers believe in the benefits of interprofessional collaboration. However, although the moderation effect of beliefs in the benefits of interprofessional collaboration between task interdependence and informational role self-efficacy was positive, the moderation effect was negative for the relationship between task interdependence and participation in decision-making. Although there is an inherent logic in the positive relationships that were found, the negative moderation might be explained by the contrast between the structural view and the volitional view of task interdependence.

The relationship between technological pedagogical content knowledge and belief among preservice mathematics teachers.

The increasing interest in exploring beliefs about teaching mathematics with technology has led educators to employ belief systems as a framework for understanding the impact of technology on math instruction. However, the complex nature of pre-service teachers' beliefs in teaching mathematics with technology involves various dimensions. This study aims to investigate the predictive relationship between Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) sub-components and beliefs in teaching mathematics with technology, revealing a statistically significant direct impact. Utilizing a correlational research approach, we collected data from a cohort of 159 Malaysian pre-service teachers with a focus on mathematics education. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to analyze the proposed model. The measurement model exhibited a satisfactory fit with the collected data. Notably, technological knowledge (25 %), technological pedagogical content knowledge (69 %), and technological content knowledge (39 %) significantly influence discovery learning, while technological knowledge (24 %), technological pedagogical content knowledge (74 %), and technological content knowledge (30 %) significantly influence multiple representations. This underscores the critical role of TPACK in shaping educators' perspectives and practices, providing a crucial avenue for enhancing technology integration in teaching mathematics.

Development and acceptability of a gestational diabetes mellitus prevention system (Better pregnancy) based on a user-centered approach: A clinical feasibility study.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can increase the risk of adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants. Preventive interventions can effectively assist pregnant women suffering from GDM. At present, pregnant women are unaware of the importance of preventing GDM, and they possess a low level of self-management ability. Recently, mHealth technology has been used worldwide. Therefore, developing a mobile health app for GDM prevention could potentially help pregnant women reduce the risk of GDM. Objective: To design and develop a mobile application, evaluate its acceptance, and understand the users'using experience and suggestions, thus providing a valid tool to assist pregnant women at risk of GDM in enhancing their self-management ability and preventing GDM. Methods: An evidence-based GDM prevent app (Better pregnancy) was developed using user-centered design methods, following the health belief model, and incorporating GDM risk prediction. A convenient sampling method was employed from June to August 2022 to select 102 pregnant women at risk of GDM for the pilot study. After a week, the app's acceptability was evaluated using an application acceptance questionnaire, and we updated the app based on the feedback from the women. We used SPSS 26.0 for data analysis. Results: The application offers various functionalities, including GDM risk prediction, health management plan, behavior management, health information, personalized guidance and consultation, peer support, family support, and other functions. In total, 102 pregnant women consented to participate in the study, achieving a retention rate of 98%; however, 2% (n = 2) withdrew. The Better pregnancy app's average acceptability score is 4.07 out of 5. Additionally, participants offered several suggestions aimed at enhancing the application. Conclusions: The Better pregnancy app developed in this study can serve as an auxiliary management tool for the prevention of GDM, providing a foundation for subsequent randomized controlled trials.

Predicting political beliefs with polygenic scores for cognitive performance and educational attainment.

Intelligence is correlated with a range of left-wing and liberal political beliefs. This may suggest intelligence directly alters our political views. Alternatively, the association may be confounded or mediated by socioeconomic and environmental factors. We studied the effect of intelligence within a sample of over 300 biological and adoptive families, using both measured IQ and polygenic scores for cognitive performance and educational attainment. We found both IQ and polygenic scores significantly predicted all six of our political scales. Polygenic scores predicted social liberalism and lower authoritarianism, within-families. Intelligence was able to significantly predict social liberalism and lower authoritarianism, within families, even after controlling for socioeconomic variables. Our findings may provide the strongest causal inference to date of intelligence directly affecting political beliefs.

Metacognitive knowledge about self-control.

Good self-control is highly valuable, but the processes that promote it are not fully understood. This review emphasizes that self-control is "inherently metacognitive" (p. 204, Duckworth et al., 2014) and describes the potential benefits of metacognitive knowledge for self-control. In line with research on metacognition in academic goal pursuit, we elaborate how three distinct types of metacognitive knowledge may aid self-control: strategy knowledge (for example, a repertoire of self-regulatory strategies), task knowledge (for example, understanding self-control demands), and person knowledge (for example, awareness of one's self-control strengths and weaknesses). Additionally, we identify research gaps and suggest that future studies should investigate the development and updating of metacognitive knowledge about self-control and how metacognitive knowledge can prevent individuals from justifying indulgence.

Continuity in false belief understanding from 33 to 52 months of age.

Conceptual continuity in children's false belief understanding from toddlerhood to childhood was investigated in a longitudinal study of 75 children. Performance in a low-demands false belief task at 33 months of age was significantly correlated with performance in a content false belief task at 52 months independent of language ability and executive function. In contrast, there was no correlation with performance in a location false belief task, which differed from the "Sally-Anne" format of the low-demands task and was high in executive demands. These findings support the view that explicit false belief understanding may be continuous from toddlerhood to childhood and that developmental change may be characterized in terms of enrichment and increasing stability of core conceptual understanding rather than in terms of fundamental change.

"Are you OK doctor?" An expanded health belief model exploration of doctors' experiences and perspectives of on-shift health behaviour.

PURPOSE: Understanding doctors' health beliefs is essential for developing effective and competent healthcare practices that benefit doctors and their patients. This study aimed to qualitatively explore doctors' perceptions of on-shift health-protective behaviours and their perceived effects on competence. METHODS: The research applied theoretically driven Expanded Health Belief Model (EHBM) enquiry methods to explore beliefs and experiences through an occupational context survey, 14 individual depth interviews, and two focus groups. Semantic and deductive themes associated with EHBM domains were examined, and an inductive thematic analysis of the interviews was conducted. RESULTS: Doctors' beliefs were strongly imbued by their perceived identity within the systemic context; they expressed impaired self-efficacy in reacting to their health needs on shift, and several disclosed harm to themselves and patients. Dominant themes included the psychosocial effects of the systemic culture and the influence of the situational occupational context in impacting health-protective behavioural action. The context and implications of experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents key belief-oriented factors influencing doctors' health-protective behaviour at work and its implications for competent practice. Further doctor-led guidance on focus points for evidence-based theoretically driven health improvement solutions is provided regarding operational practice, formulating policies, developing interventions and further research.

Unveiling the nexus! Understanding knowledge issues, animal contact patterns and interaction of health care providers in the context of monkeypox and COVID-19 during monkeypox outbreak 2022.

BACKGROUND: A monkeypox (MPOX) outbreak occurred in May 2022. On June 3, 2022, the WHO Blueprint organized a consultation on MPOX research knowledge gaps and priority research questions because the engagement of health care providers (HCPs) in providing accurate information and the public's motivation to adapt protective behaviour were crucial. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the knowledge issues, animal patterns, and interactions of HCPs in the context of MPOX and COVID-19 during the MPOX outbreak. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey among 816 HCPs working in governmental health facilities from many countries, mainly Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Cameroon, in September 2022. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty (56.37%) were aged between 18 and less than 35 years old. About 34.44% were physicians, while only 37.25% worked on the frontlines with patients. 37.99% and 5.88% received vaccinations against chickenpox and MPOX, respectively. In the meantime, 55.39% had taken courses or training programmes regarding COVID-19. Regarding knowledge-seeking behaviours (KSBs) about COVID-19, 38.73% were through passive attention, while only 28.8% got their information through active search. Most of the participants (56.86%) had a moderate level of knowledge regarding COVID-19. Only 8.82% had courses or training programmes regarding MPOX. Regarding KSB about MPOX, 50.86% were obtained through passive attention, while only 18.01% and 23.04% got their information through active and passive search, respectively. Most of the participants (57.60%) had a poor level of knowledge regarding MPOX. The regression analysis of the MPOX knowledge score revealed that individuals working on the frontlines with patients and those who had training programmes or courses were shown to have a higher score by 1.25 and 3.18 points, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The studied HCPs had poorer knowledge about the MPOX virus than they did about the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Training programmes and education courses had an impact on their knowledge.