Prácticas pedagógicas, conocimientos y condiciones institucionales en las que laboran docentes colombianos. Un estudio sobre educación inclusiva y discapacidad / Pedagogical practices, knowledge and institutional conditions in which Colombian teachers work. A study on inclusive education and disability

Resumen En 2017 se expidió en Colombia el decreto 1421, según el cual todas las escuelas del país debían acoger estudiantes con discapacidad y ofrecerles oportunidades de calidad para su ingreso, permanencia y egreso. El Ministerio de Educación dio un plazo de cinco años, contados a partir de su aprobación, para que esta política se implementara en todo el territorio nacional. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar las prácticas pedagógicas, los conocimientos y las condiciones institucionales (de tipo pedagógico-administrativo), en las que labora una muestra de docentes colombianos, seis años después de expedido el decreto. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo no experimental transeccional y la aplicación de una escala a 249 maestros y maestras de distintos niveles educativos. Con base en los hallazgos obtenidos, puede concluirse que hay un cambio positivo en las prácticas pedagógicas y los conocimientos de aquellos docentes que cuentan con formación en inclusión y que laboran en colegios que acogen alumnado con estas trayectorias de vida. Aun así, las condiciones institucionales del profesorado encuestado todavía no responden a proyectos inclusivos. Estos resultados se discuten a la luz de los retos que enfrenta el sistema educativo colombiano en pro de atender alumnado con discapacidad.

Abstract In 2017, Decree 1421 was issued in Colombia, according to which all schools in the country were to welcome students with disabilities and offer them quality opportunities for their entry, permanence and graduation. The Ministry of Education (MEN, 2017a) gave a deadline of five years for this policy to be implemented in the national territory, counted from its approval. The objective of this research is to characterize the pedagogical practices, knowledge and institutional conditions (pedagogical and administrative type) in which a sample of Colombian teachers work, six years after the decree was issued. For this purpose, a transectional non-experimental quantitative design was used and a scale was applied to 249 teachers of early childhood education, elementary school, junior high school and vocational middle school. Based on the findings obtained, it can be concluded that there is a positive change in the pedagogical practices and knowledge of those teachers who have training in inclusion and who work in private schools that receive students with these life trajectories. Even so, the institutional conditions of the teachers surveyed still do not respond to inclusive institutional projects. Since, at the time of writing this paper, we did not find other similar studies in the country, these results are discussed in the light of international research on the subject and in the framework of national policy, and allow extrapolating the challenges faced by the Colombian educational system in welcoming students with disabilities.

Attitudes towards Sexual Behaviour: an Ex ploratory Analysis of a Comprehensive Model.

Introduction: A theoretical model of self-oriented cognitive schemata of sexual behaviour (SO-CSSB) was proposed after a previous disambiguation review on the definition and research of sexual attitudes. A quantitative exploration of the proposal may add real-world information regarding the internal structure and the adequacy of the defined factors. Consequently, the present study aims to 1) develop a questionnaire based on the theoretical review and 2) explore the structure of the SO-CSSB model. Method: Following the SO-CSSB principles, a questionnaire was developed and evaluated. An observational cross-sectional online survey was conducted. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a reliability analysis were performed. Results: A study sample, comprised of 188 subjects, was analysed (Age 18-56; M = 25.27; SD = 6.6; 62 male, 33.2%). The EFA yielded 16 factors with eigenvalues above 1, accounting for 67.21% of the variance (KMO = .672, Barlett's = 3958.7, sig.<.01; item communalities between .44 and .80). Items under .49 were cut off, which included values from .49 to .86. There was no correlation between components over .20, in a range from -.19 to .20. Reliability indexes varied from .46 to .86. Conclusion: A final model of 16 components following the SO-CSSB principles was presented. The analysis revealed certain modifications to the theoretical proposal, and the objective of adding a quantitative frame to empirically specify its factors was achieved. This outcome constitutes a step forward to developing a comprehensive model on sexual beliefs.

Introducción: Se propuso un modelo teórico de Esquemas Cognitivos Auto- orientados sobre Conducta Sexual (ECA-CS) tras una revisión previa de desam- biguación sobre la literatura actual de las actitudes sexuales. Una exploración cuantitativa de la propuesta puede añadir información real sobre la estructura interna y la adecuación de los factores definidos. En consecuencia, el presente estudio pretendió 1) desarrollar un cuestionario basado en la revisión teórica y 2) explorar la estructura del modelo ECA-CS. Método: Se elaboró y evaluó un cuestionario siguiendo los principios teóricos del ECA-CS. Se realizó una encuesta observacional transversal en línea. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis de fiabilidad. Resultados: Se analizó una muestra de 188 sujetos (Edad 18-56; M = 25.27; SD = 6.6) (62 varones, 33.2%). El AFE arrojó 16 factores con valores propios superiores a 1, que explicaban el 67.21% de la varianza (KMO = .672, Bar- lett's=3958.7, sig.<.01) (comunalidades de los ítems entre .44 y .80). Se estableció un punto de corte por debajo de .49, incluyendo valores entre .49 y .86. No hubo correlación entre componentes por encima de .20, en un rango de -.19 a .20. Los índices de fiabilidad variaron de .46 a .86. Conclusiones: Se presentó un modelo final de 16 componentes que sigue los principios del ECA-CS. El análisis reveló ciertas modificaciones a la propuesta teórica, y se logró el objetivo de agregar un marco cuantitativo para especificar empíricamente sus factores. Este resultado consti tuye un paso adelante en el desarrollo de un modelo integral sobre creencias sexuales.

The influence of positivity and self-efficacy beliefs on family functioning among young adults in Italy and Colombia.

Background: Research suggests that positivity and self-efficacy beliefs may impact adaptive behavior and developmental outcomes, such as social adjustment and subjective wellbeing. The present study explored the effect of positive dimensions (positivity and self-efficacy beliefs) and individual characteristics (gender, type of country, age, and sexual orientation) on family cohesion and flexibility in a group of Colombian and Italian young adults. Method: An online survey was administered to 949 Colombian and 2,073 Italian people aged between 18 and 40 years (M age = 24.3; SDage = 4.5; 67% women). A mediational model was performed to test the influence of positivity on family functioning via the mediational role of self-efficacy beliefs, analyzing the moderated effects of gender, type of country, sexual orientation, and age. Results: Filial self-efficacy mediated the effect of positivity on family functioning, showing stronger paths in men and Colombian participants than in women and Italian counterparts. Regulatory self-efficacy mediated the associations between positivity and family functioning for both genders and types of countries. Conclusion: The results suggest that positivity and self-efficacy beliefs may allow families to engage in more adaptive family functioning across countries and genders. Further research should focus on implications from a cross-national perspective to examine other culture-specific factors that may impact family adjustment.

"I Have Faith in God That I Will Get Better"-The Multidimensional Perceptions and Expectations of Patients with Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Qualitative Analysis of Common Sense.

OBJECTIVE: This descriptive qualitative study aimed to gain insights into the expectations of individuals with chronic shoulder pain and to investigate how different levels of disability may influence their beliefs and expectations regarding improvement. METHODS: This qualitative study utilized the Common Sense Model (CSM) as its theoretical framework. Conducted within a public physical therapist clinic, individuals with chronic shoulder pain who were awaiting the initiation of the treatment were included. Participants, female and male [aged 30 to 69 years], were purposefully sampled. Thirty participants, categorized into 2 groups based on the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scores, underwent semi-structured interviews. Group 1, lower SPADI scores (0 to 60), had 10 participants, and Group 2, higher SPADI scores (61 to 100), had 20 participants. Thematic analysis and inductive coding were employed to analyze the interviews. RESULTS: Common themes emerged in both groups: the use of medical terms for understanding the diagnosis and the multidimensional impact of pain. The last 2 themes differed between groups. Notable differences included Group 1's focus on resources for pain relief and positive expectations with physical therapy, while Group 2 emphasized rest, religion as a resource for pain relief, and God's role in improvement. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the complexity of beliefs and expectations among patients with chronic shoulder pain. Individuals with greater disability often incorporated religious beliefs into their coping strategies, but they held lower recovery expectations and reported negative treatment experiences. These insights have implications for tailoring patient-centered care approaches. IMPACT: This study underscores the need for health care providers to consider the multidimensionality of recovery expectations, which can significantly influence patient outcomes. Clinicians can reflect on this knowledge to optimize treatment strategies and improve patient prognosis.

Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the health care providers' pain and impairment relationship scale (HC-PAIRS) in health professionals and university students from Chile and Colombia.

Background: Chronic back pain is a frequent and disabling health problem. There is evidence that ignorance and erroneous beliefs about chronic low back pain among health professionals interfere in the treatment of people who suffer from it. The Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) has been one of the most used scale to assess these misbeliefs, but no studies have been reported in Latin America. Method: We studied the factorial structure of the HC-PAIRS in health personnel and health sciences university students in two Latin American countries: Colombia (n = 930) and Chile (n = 190). Spain's data was taken of the original study of the Spanish version of the HC-PAIRS (171 Physiotherapy students). Additionally, the measurement invariance of this scale among Chile, Colombia and Spain was evaluated by calculating three nested models: configural, metric and scalar. We used a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in both Latin American samples, with Maximum Likelihood Robust (MLR) estimation to estimate the parameters. For the final model in each sample, reliability was assessed with the Composite Reliability (CR) index, and to obtain the proportion of variance explained by the scale the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) was calculated. Results: The one-factor solution shows an acceptable fit in both countries after deleting items 1, 6, and 14. For the resulting scale, the CR value is adequate, but the AVE is low. There is scalar invariance between Chile and Colombia, but not between these two countries and Spain. Conclusions: HC-PAIRS is useful for detecting misconceptions about the relationship between chronic low back pain that would cause health personnel to give wrong recommendations to patients. However, it has psychometric weaknesses, and it is advisable to obtain other evidence of validity.

Clinical and surgical physician's perception of nutrition knowledge.

BACKGROUND: Due to the significant increase in the prevalence of food-related diseases, the value that physicians place on nutritional advice may have implications for patient treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of the importance of nutritional intervention among physicians in the Universidad San Francisco de Quito's (USFQ) healthcare system. METHODS: This cross-sectional study employed a telephone survey administered to a subset of all medical doctors (MDs) working in the healthcare system clinics of USFQ between 2021 and 2022. Study participants were recruited through voluntary response sample from a complete list of 253 MD. The single time questionnaire consisted of a 22-item validated survey in which attitudes, self-perceived capacity, and knowledge about nutrition ofmedical doctors were evaluated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-sided t test, bivariate associations and linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS: 136 MDs completed the survey yielding a response rate of 54%. Our analysis grouped participants into clinical (CE) and non-clinical specialties, hereafter referred to as surgical MDs. While a higher percentage of physicians in CE are confident in their ability to provide examples of recommended food portions based on national or international guidelines, 1 in 10 do not know how to use and interpret BMI or waist circumference, and around 1 in 3 do not know how many calories there are in one gram of fat, protein, or carbohydrates, and their basic metabolic functions. Almost all survey participants believe MDs can have an impact on the eating behavior of a patient if time is used to discuss the problem, however, almost half of survey participants believe nutrition counseling is not an effective use of time. CONCLUSION: It is important to explore the perceptions and self-confidence of physicians around nutrition related issues. Our results demonstrated that nearly 1 in 4 surgical MDs do not feel capable of recognizing nutritional risk in patients, which highlights the essentiality of physicians having an updated understanding of basic nutrition principles. Future research should examine how commonly MDs refer patients to nutritionists/dietitians, as well as strategies for improving physician knowledge on basic nutrition concepts.

"I believe it will not get worse": A mixed-methods longitudinal study about patient's perspective of recently developed patellofemoral pain.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to: (i) understand how women perceived their recently developed patellofemoral pain (PFP) regarding its cause, prognosis, and willingness to seek treatment; (ii) investigate self-reported function, knee-related quality of life (QoL), fear of movement, and physical activity level at the onset of PFP. DESIGN: Mixed-methods longitudinal study. SETTING: University. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-eight pain-free women were followed up over one year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Those who developed PFP were interviewed within one month of the development of symptoms. Self-reported function, kinesiophobia, knee-related QoL, and physical activity were obtained at baseline and follow-up assessments. RESULTS: Twenty-one women developed PFP. Most participants reported believing the increase in physical activity and/or sitting time was associated with the onset of PFP. Many reported believing symptoms would improve over time without any treatment. Only a small number of participants intended to seek care. Quantitatively, decreases in self-reported function and QoL, as well as increases in the physical activity level were observed after PFP development. CONCLUSION: Although decreases in self-reported function and QoL were observed, women reported believing their PFP is self-limiting and do not need treatment. Strategies to accurately disseminate knowledge about PFP are needed to help stimulating early care.

Effect of prior beliefs and cognitive deficits on learning in first-episode schizophrenia patients.

Introduction: It is known that cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and that in the general population, prior beliefs significantly influence learning and reasoning processes. However, the interaction of prior beliefs with cognitive deficits and their impact on performance in schizophrenia patients is still poorly understood. This study investigates the role of beliefs and cognitive variables (CVs) like working memory, associative learning, and processing speed on learning processes in individuals with schizophrenia. We hypothesize that beliefs will influence the ability to learn correct predictions and that first-episode schizophrenia patients (FEP) will show impaired learning due to cognitive deficits. Methods: We used a predictive-learning task to examine how FEP (n = 23) and matched controls (n = 23) adjusted their decisional criteria concerning physical properties during the learning process when predicting the sinking behavior of two transparent containers filled with aluminum discs when placed in water. Results: On accuracy, initial differences by group, trial type, and interaction effects of these variables disappeared when CVs were controlled. The differences by conditions, associated with differential beliefs about why the objects sink slower or faster, were seen in patients and controls, despite controlling the CVs' effect. Conclusions: Differences between groups were mainly explained by CVs, proving that they play an important role than what is assumed in this type of task. However, beliefs about physical events were not affected by CVs, and beliefs affect in the same way the decisional criteria of the control or FEP patients' groups.

Perception of hypotheticality in technology-based business ideas: effects on Opportunity Beliefs from a Construal Level Theory perspective.

This research investigates how entrepreneurs perceive the hypothetical nature of technologies (based on situations that are often imagined or theoretical) as a foundation for entrepreneurial endeavors and how this perception influences the formation of business Opportunity Beliefs. Drawing on the Construal Level Theory, we explore the relationship between the perceived hypotheticality of technologies and Opportunity Beliefs. Two experimental studies are conducted to examine these relationships, with Study 1 (n = 177 entrepreneurs) focusing on the perception of innovative technologies as more distant or hypothetical, and Study 2 (n = 404 entrepreneurs) delving into how the perceived distance to technology influences Opportunity Beliefs. The results indicate that entrepreneurs view more innovative technologies as more hypothetical and that hypotheticality mediates the relationship between the perceived degree of innovation and Opportunity Beliefs. We find evidence that Entrepreneurs tend to view the feasibility and fit/alignment of business opportunities more favorably when they perceive the psychological distance (hypotheticality) of the opportunity as closer rather than more distant. However, the difference this difference is nonsignificant in how they evaluate the desirability of the opportunity in any psychological distance. These results provide insight into the cognitive processes of entrepreneurs and offer implications for understanding how entrepreneurs perceive and evaluate business opportunities.

Factors Associated with the Health-Related Self-Care Capacity of Overweight and Obese People.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between beliefs about obese people and health-related self-care among overweight and obese people, considering sociodemographic aspects. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 207 participants selected through a simple random sampling method. The "Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale" (BAOP) and the "Self-Care Agency Rating Scale-Revised" (ASA-R) questionnaires were applied to data collection. The results showed that 82.6% believed that obesity is a condition the individual cannot control, and 74.4% expressed inadequate self-care regarding their health. A multivariate analysis found that belonging to the adult age group increases the probability of presenting adequate health-related self-care by 4.7 times (95% CI = 1.892-11.790) compared to older adults. The belief that obesity is an uncontrollable condition increases the probability of inadequate self-care by 6.3 times (95% CI = 2.360-16.924), in contrast to the perception that it is a controllable condition. Moreover, overweight people are 0.139 times (95% CI = 0.044-0.443) less likely to have adequate self-care compared to people with obesity. In conclusion, being an adult and having the belief that obesity is a condition that can be controlled is associated with adequate health-related self-care, while being overweight is associated with inadequate health care.

Play Nicely: Evaluation of a Brief Intervention to Reduce Physical Punishment and the Beliefs That Justify It.

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the Play Nicely brief intervention in diminishing both the utilization of physical punishment and the beliefs that endorse such behavior among a sample of Colombian parents with children aged 2 to 6. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, the research included pretest and posttest evaluations and involved both an intervention group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 29). The assessment tools used were a scale to measure beliefs about the positive impacts of physical punishment and the Physical Assault subscale of the Spanish version of the Conflict Tactics Scale Parent-Child (CTSPC). Parents participated in a single online session, which offered eight interactive options and lasted 10 min. The results highlighted a high prevalence of physical punishment within the sample (81.8%) and established statistically significant correlations between the justification of physical punishment and its actual use. Approximately one month following the intervention, there was a significant reduction in the employment of physical punishment among the intervention group (p = 0.009), and a notable decrease in the belief that "Punishment is the best alternative to control children's behavior" (p = 0.010) was observed. Consequently, the Play Nicely intervention proved effective in curtailing the use of physical punishment among parents of young children, demonstrating both efficacy and cost-effectiveness within a brief timeframe.

Adaptación transcultural, validez, confiabilidad e interpretabilidad de la versión argentina del cuestionario de creencias de miedo y evitación (FABQ) en sujetos con dolor lumbar / Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, reliability, and interpretability of the Argentine version of the Fear and Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) in subjects with low back pain

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar una adaptación transcultural y validación del cuestionario de creencias de miedo y evitación (FABQ, por sus siglas en inglés) para sujetos argentinos con dolor lumbar (DL) y reportar las propiedades psicométricas de confiabilidad, validez e interpretabilidad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal. Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva residentes argentinos hispanohablantes mayores de 18 años con DL. El estudio comprendió una fase de adaptación, seguida de una fase de validación. Los sujetos fueron evaluados el día de su admisión al estudio (T1) y 48 a 72 horas después (T2). Se utilizó una escala global de cambio como anclaje externo para evaluar la estabilidad clínica. Resultados: Fueron elegibles 74 sujetos. La media de la puntuación total del FABQ fue de 50,24 (DE 20,64). La consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) fue de 0,85 (IC 95 % 0,79 - 0,91). La confiabilidad test-retest fue aceptable, con un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,765 (IC 95 % 0,61 - 0,86). El error estándar de medición fue de 4,85 puntos, y el cambio mínimo detectable (95 %) fue de 13,45. La mediana de tiempo para que los sujetos completen el cuestionario fue de 3,86 minutos (RIQ 3,44 - 4,85), y la media de tiempo para puntuarlo fue de 24,40 segundos (DE 13,77). No se observó efecto suelo o techo. Conclusión: El FABQ en su versión argentina es un cuestionario válido, confiable y viable para evaluar las creencias de miedo y evitación en sujetos con DL.

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Fear and Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) for Argentine subjects with low back pain (LBP) and to report the psychometric properties of reliability, validity, and interpretability. Materials and method: An observational, prospective, and longitudinal study was conducted. Spanish-speaking Argentine residents aged 18 years or older with LBP were consecutively included. The study comprised an adaptation phase followed by a validation phase. Subjects were evaluated on the day of study admission (T1) and 48 to 72 hours later (T2). A global change scale was used as an external anchor to assess clinical stability. Results: Seventy-four subjects were eligible. The mean FABQ total score was 50.24 (SD 20.64). The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.85 (95 % CI 0.79 - 0.91). Test-retest reliability was acceptable, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.765 (95 % CI 0.61 - 0.86). The standard error of measurement was 4.85 points, and the minimum detectable change (95 %) was 13.45. The median time for subjects to complete the questionnaire was 3.86 minutes (IQR 3.44 - 4.85), and the mean time to score it was 24.40 seconds (SD 13.77). No floor or ceiling effect was found. Conclusion: The Argentine version of the FABQ is a valid, reliable, and feasible questionnaire for assessing fear and avoidance beliefs in subjects with LBP.

Exploring self-care practices and health beliefs among men in the context of emerging infectious diseases: Lessons from the Mpox pandemic in Brazil.

Our goal was to explore self-care practices among men who have sex with men in the context of Mpox in Brazil. This study used qualitative research methods, including interviews and thematic analysis, to collect and analyze data from male participants across the Brazilian territory. The narratives unveil men's perspectives on self-care, risk reduction, and health beliefs during the Mpox pandemic. Our findings highlight a multifaceted approach to self-care among men, encompassing hygiene, physical contact management, mask usage, skin lesion vigilance, and adherence to official guidelines. Men's attitudes toward sexual behaviors emphasize the importance of reducing sexual partners, practicing safe sex, and combating misinformation through accurate information dissemination. The development of these behaviors and self-care practices can be facilitated by nurses guided by Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, supported by patient-centered care, with strategies to address and confront the stigma associated with the disease and provide emotional support. Thus, the study underscores the pivotal role of self-care in mitigating infection risks, especially in the context of emerging infectious diseases. It acknowledges the impact of socio-cultural factors and healthcare policies on men's preventive measures. However, it also recognizes limitations, such as potential bias due to stigma concerns and a nonrepresentative sample. Ultimately, the research advocates for tailored education, promotion of gender equity, and healthcare empowerment to effectively manage health risks in such contexts.

Examining the Moderating Role of Parental Stress in the Relationship between Parental Beliefs on Corporal Punishment and Its Utilization as a Behavior Correction Strategy among Colombian Parents.

Understanding beliefs about corporal punishment is crucial, as evidence suggests that positive beliefs in its effectiveness predict its use. High parental stress, especially in those valuing corporal punishment, increases the potential for child abuse. Factors such as having many children or low education and socioeconomic status contribute to parental tensions, leading to the use of corporal punishment for behavior correction. We posit that the accumulation of such variables results in heightened stress levels. Our focus aimed to determine the moderating role of stress levels among parental beliefs about corporal punishment and its reported use through quantitative research. In our study, 853 Colombian parents of low, middle, and high socioeconomic status, and from four different regions of Colombia, with children aged 0 to 17 participated. They provided information about their beliefs on corporal punishment, using the Beliefs and Punishment Scale. Correlations indicated that older parents with better socioeconomic status were less inclined to believe that strictness improves children. Regressions suggested that increased belief in corporal punishment modifying behavior, along with higher parental stress, increases corporal punishment use. Moderation models highlighted that when more stressors were present, corporal punishment was used due to stress rather than parental beliefs. Ultimately, stress emerged as a crucial factor influencing corporal punishment use among Colombian parents.

Conspiring under threats! An investigation of associations between COVID-19 health and economic threats and conspiracy beliefs in Italy and Argentina.

Theory and research suggest that threats aroused by a given crisis lead to conspiracy beliefs. Although crises involve the arise of multiple threats (e.g., economic, safety, etc.) diversely affecting various needs and outcomes (i.e., cognition, emotion and behaviour), no research has yet focused on specific relations that different threats may have with the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs. In this study, we distinguished between health and economic threats aroused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and we tested their associations with conspiracy beliefs. Findings from two correlational studies conducted in Italy and Argentina showed that while COVID-19's economic threat was positively and consistently related to conspiracy beliefs, the relationship between COVID-19's health threat and conspiracy beliefs was negative and significant in the Italian sample and non-significant in the Argentinian sample. Results are discussed within the context of the effects of multiple threats elicited by crises on conspiracy beliefs.

A Narrative Review of Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization Among Haitian Immigrant Women in the U.S.: Health Beliefs, Perceptions, and Societal Barriers and Facilitators.

Haitian immigrant women living in the U.S. have a higher rate of cervical cancer mortality than any other ethnic group, primarily due to lower rates of screening test utilization. Therefore, it is important to understand the issues affecting their pap smear screening behaviors. We conducted a narrative review of articles from PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, CINAHL/Nursing, and Psych Info. Inclusion criteria: U.S. Haitian immigrant, screening, cervical cancer, health beliefs/perceptions. Exclusion criteria: HPV-vaccine. Primary barriers: (1) lack of knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV, and pap smears; (2) lack of culturally appropriate dissemination of information; and (3) difficulty obtaining the test. Primary facilitators: (1) provider recommendations, (2) Haitian media to disseminate health information, and (3) having health insurance. This review highlights the points for intervention by health professionals and policy makers to address this group's low pap smear utilization.

Creation and content validity of 5r-medsafe: assessing adherence to the safe drug administration "five rights" / Elaboración y validez de contenido del instrumento 5r-medsafe: evaluación de la adhesión a los "cinco correctos" de la administración segura de medicamentos / Construção e validade de conteúdo do 5r-medsafe: avaliação da adesão aos cinco certos da administração segura de medicamentos

ABSTRACT Objective: to present the creation and content validity stages of a questionnaire to assess the determinants of adherence to the safe drug administration five "rights" "x", based on the Theory of Planned Behavior integrative model. Method: a methodological study to create and validate a self-reported measuring instrument for psychosocial variables. It took place in two public university teaching hospitals: one located in the South and the other in the Southeast of Brazil. Results: the results were organized according to each stage of the 5R-MEDSAFE content validation process. Conclusion: the results obtained in this creation and content validation study of the 5R-MEDSAFE indicated that the tool presented diverse content validity evidence. Its application can be useful in different contexts as a way of assessing adherence to these behaviors among Nursing workers. This will make it possible to identify which elements of the behaviors are amenable to intervention, as well as to implement the most appropriate intervention, according to the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar las etapas de creación y validez de contenido correspondientes a un cuestionario para evaluar los determinantes del nivel de adhesión a los "Cinco correctos" de la administración segura de medicamentos - "5R-MEDSAFE", sobre la base del modelo integrador de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado. Método: estudio metodológico para crear y validar un instrumento de medición autoinformado de variables psicosociales. Se desarrolló en dos hospitales-escuela universitarios y públicos: uno situado en la región Sur y el otro en la región Sudeste de Brasil. Resultados: los resultados se organizaron conforme a cada etapa de la validación de contenido de 5R-MEDSAFE. Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos en este estudio de creación y validación del contenido del instrumento 5R-MEDSAFE indicaron que la herramienta presentó diversa evidencia de validez de contenido. Su aplicación puede resultar útil en diferentes contextos como una forma de evaluar el nivel de adhesión a estas conductas entre trabajadores de Enfermería. Eso permitirá identificar los elementos de los comportamiento que son pasibles de intervención, al igual que implementar la intervención más adecuada, conforme a los constructos de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado.

RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar as etapas de construção e validade de conteúdo de um questionário para avaliação dos determinantes da adesão aos cinco certos da administração segura de medicamentos - 5R-MEDSAFE, baseado no modelo integrador da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. Método: estudo metodológico de construção e validação de instrumento de medida autorrelatada de variáveis psicossociais. Desenvolveu-se em dois hospitais-escola universitários, públicos, um localizado na região Sul e outro na região Sudeste do Brasil. Resultados: os resultados foram organizados conforme cada etapa da validação de conteúdo do 5R-MEDSAFE. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos neste estudo de construção e validação de conteúdo do instrumento 5R-MEDSAFE indicaram que o instrumento apresentou evidências de validade de conteúdo. Sua aplicação pode ser útil em contextos distintos como forma de avaliar a adesão a esse comportamento entre trabalhadores de enfermagem. Isso permitirá identificar qual elemento do comportamento é passível de intervenção, bem como implementar a intervenção mais adequada, conforme os construtos da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado.

Alma Gêmea: Adaptação da Romantic Beliefs Scale / Alma gemela: Adaptación de la Romantic Beliefs Scale / Soul mate: Adaptation of the Romantic Beliefs Scale

Resumo A Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) foi desenvolvida para acessar crenças sobre romantismo, que podem impactar na formação e qualidade de relacionamentos românticos. Tais crenças podem ser acessadas por meio de quatro fatores que representam o amor romântico ideal, sendo elas: Um e único, Idealização, Amor à primeira vista e Amor encontra uma maneira. Este estudo buscou evidências de validade para a RBS em um contexto brasileiro baseadas na estrutura interna e relações com as variáveis satisfação com o relacionamento e personalidade (Cinco Grandes Fatores e Investimento Emocional). Responderam a um questionário on-line 818 brasileiros com média de idade de 30,7 anos (DP= 14,1), sendo 73,2% mulheres. A escala apresentou evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna do instrumento e na relação com outras variáveis, e melhor ajuste a um modelo de fator de segunda ordem explicando os quatro fatores da escala original. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre os fatores da RBS-Brasil e os fatores de personalidade Extroversão, Socialização e Realização, a Satisfação com o relacionamento e o Investimento emocional.

Abstract The Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) was developed to assess beliefs about romanticism, that can impact the formation and quality of romantic relationships. These beliefs can be assessed using four factors that represent the ideal romantic love, which are: One and only, Idealization, Love at first sight, and Love finds a way. This study sought evidence of validity for the RBS in a Brazilian context based on internal structure and relationships with the variables relationship satisfaction and personality (Big Five Factors and Emotional Investment). A total of 818 Brazilians with an average age of 30.7 years (SD= 14.1) responded to an online questionnaire, of which 73.2% were women. The scale showed satisfactory evidence of validity based on the internal structure and relation with other variables, and best fit to a second-order factor model explaining the four factors of the original scale. Positive correlations were found between the factors of RBS and personality factors Extraversion, Agreeableness and Consciousness, Relationship satisfaction and Emotional investment.

Resumen La Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) fue desarrolló para evaluar las creencias sobre el romanticismo, las cuales pueden afectar la formación y calidad de las relaciones románticas. Estas creencias pueden ser accedidas a través de cuatro factores que representan el amor romántico ideal, los cuales son: Único, Idealización, Amor a primera vista y Amor encuentra un camino. Este estudio buscó evidencias de validez para el RBS en un contexto brasileño basadas en la estructura interna y relaciones con variables como la satisfacción con la relación y la personalidad (Cinco Grandes Factores e Inversión Emocional). Respondieron a un cuestionario 818 brasileños con una media de edad de 30.7 años (DE= 14.1), de los cuales el 73.2% eran mujeres. La escala mostró evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna del instrumento y en la relación con otras variables, y un mejor ajuste a un modelo factorial de segundo orden que explica los cuatro factores de la escala original. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre los factores de RBS-Brasil y los factores de personalidad Extraversión, Amabilidad y Realización, así como con la Satisfacción con la relación e Investidura emocional.

Intention to receive the monkeypox vaccine and its psychological and sociodemographic predictors: a cross-sectional survey in the general population of Peru.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify predictors of intention to be vaccinated against Monkeypox (Mpox) in a sample of Peruvian citizens.  METHODS: A set of sociodemographic and psychological predictors were used, such as sex, sexual orientation, educational level, previous diagnosis of COVID-19, marital status, complete vaccination against COVID-19, employment status, living with vulnerable people, presence of chronic disease, area of residence, perceived usefulness of COVID-19 vaccines, fear of Mpox, conspiracy beliefs about Mpox, among others. A total of 472 Peruvian adults participated, selected by non-probabilistic snowball convenience sampling. A sociodemographic survey, the Mpox Fear Scale, was used. Conspiracy Beliefs about Mpox was assessed using three questions created specifically for this study. For inferential purposes, simple ordinal regressions ("crude models") were performed between each factor and the outcome.  RESULTS: Regarding their intention to be vaccinated against Mpox, more than 60% expressed clear approval. Being non-heterosexual, having greater emotional fear of Mpox, and perceiving some potential for this disease to become the next pandemic were related to greater intention to vaccinate. On the other hand, being older, having low perceived usefulness of COVID-19 vaccines, and having higher conspiracy beliefs about Mpox were associated with lower intention to vaccinate.  CONCLUSION: The study provides initial information for future research seeking to better analyze Mpox vaccination intention. In addition, cross-sectional data are provided that can be used to develop public health policies that target subgroups with low prevalence of intention to vaccinate against Mpox.

Saberes, creencias, prácticas y condiciones socioeconómicas en pacientes con tuberculosis del municipio de Pereira (Colombia), 2021 / Knowledge, beliefs, practices and socioeconomic conditions in patients with TB in the municipality of Pereira (Colombia), 2021

RESÚMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que para entenderla desde un contexto social hay que reconocer las realidades construidas por la comunidad frente a ella, integrando sus saberes, creencias y prácticas con las condiciones sociodemográficas y económicas para comprender su aparición y desarrollo. Objetivo: Comprender los saberes, creencias, prácticas, condiciones socioeconómicas y aspectos educativos en pacientes con TB del municipio de Pereira (Colombia), 2021, para reeducarlos acerca de su cuidado. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo en usuarios que asisten al Programa de Control de tuberculosis; del cual se seleccionaron 14 pacientes que cumplían con criterios de inclusión. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a todos los participantes hasta obtener saturación de la información, mediante cinco categorías: saberes, creencias, prácticas, condiciones socioeconómicas y aspectos educativos relacionadas con Tuberculosis, para comprenderla a partir de la construcción social que expresan los pacientes y generar un abordaje holístico que permita reeducarlos en su cuidado. Resultados: El 57,1 % era de género femenino, edad promedio; 38 años, de etnia mestiza,; el 50 % vive en unión libre; el 71,4 % vive con la familia; el 28,6 % tiene educación primaria y secundaria; el 71,4 % trabaja; el 100 % vive en zona urbana. Los resultados cualitativos arrojan cinco categorías: saberes, creencias, prácticas, condiciones socioeconómicas y aspectos educativos sobre TB. Conclusión: Existen saberes limitantes respecto al origen y transmisión de la enfermedad con creencias asociadas a la pobreza y estigmatización que afecta de forma negativa la condición económica y emocional de los pacientes y su red de apoyo frente al cuidado de la enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, which in order to understand it from a social context, it is necessary to recognize the realities built by the community in front of it, integrating its knowledge, beliefs and practices with the sociodemographic and economic conditions to understand its appearance and development. Objective: Understand the knowledge, beliefs, practices, socioeconomic conditions and educational aspects of TB patients in the municipality of Pereira (Colombia), 2021, in order to re-educate them about their care. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive study in users who attend the Tuberculosis Control Program; of which 14 patients who meet the inclusion criteria are selected. A semi-structured interview is carried out with all the participants until information saturation is obtained, through five categories: knowledge, beliefs, practices, socioeconomic conditions and educational aspects related to Tuberculosis, to understand it from the social construction expressed by patients and generate a holistic approach that allows them to re-educate them in their care. Results: 57.1 % are female, average age: 38 years, of mixed ethnicity; 50 % live in free union; 71.4 % live with the family; 28.6 % have primary and secondary education; 71.4 % work; 100 % live in an urban area. The qualitative results yield five categories: knowledge, beliefs, practices, socioeconomic conditions, and educational aspects of TB. Conclusion: There is limiting knowledge regarding the origin and transmission of the disease with beliefs associated with poverty and stigmatization that negatively affects the economic and emotional condition of patients and their support network in the care of the disease.