Evaluating proficiency testing implementation and identifying challenges that government comprehensive specialized hospital laboratories in northwest Ethiopia faced as they participated in the external quality assessment scheme: A document-based, interview-driven evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the implementation of proficiency testing in the northwest Ethiopian government comprehensive specialized hospital laboratories, with a focus on identifying and understanding the challenges encountered during their participation in the external quality assessment scheme. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3 comprehensive specialized hospitals in northwest Ethiopia, analyzing 41 documented laboratory test parameters from 2020 to 2022. In addition, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were carried out to identify the major challenges the participating institutions faced. RESULTS: The study covered a total of 41 tests across 9 cycles. Overall, proper implementation of proficiency testing was observed in 59.3% of the tests, with 61.8% maintaining consistent implementation status over 3 consecutive years. In addition, the overall performance of the laboratory was 54.3%, with a 68.7% participation rate. The predominantly identified challenges included the lack of participation, insufficient reagents and supplies, inadequacy of suitable proficiency testing materials, equipment malfunction and downtime, lack of management support, insufficient budget, and inadequate training and awareness. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study highlight the ineffective implementation of proficiency testing. Contributing factors include personnel issues, equipment and supplies challenges, managerial shortcomings, difficulties with proficiency testing providers, budgetary constraints, and a lack of training and motivation.

Fase preanalítica: punto crítico en las pruebas de diagnóstico hematológico / Preanalytic phase: a critical point in hematological diagnosis tests

Resumen: la fase preanalítica es un componente importante de los procesos operacionales realizados en los laboratorios clínicos, en la que se desarrollan diversos procedimientos que pueden afectar el resultado de un examen de sangre, tejidos o fluidos corporales de un paciente. Esta fase va desde la orden médica hasta el inicio del procesamiento de la muestra (fase analítica). Específicamente, en el diagnóstico hematológico los exámenes de laboratorio son la principal fuente de información para la toma de decisiones médicas relacionadas con el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los pacientes; por tal razón, el control de todos los aspectos involucrados en la fase preanalítica debe ser una prioridad en todos los laboratorios clínicos. En esta revisión se presentan los principales aspectos preanalíticos de las pruebas más comunes en el diagnóstico hematológico, correspondientes a las áreas de coagulación básica y especializada, hematología general y especializada, citometría de flujo, citogenética, biología molecular, entre otras de interés.

Abstract: the preanalytic phase is an important component of operational processes performed in clinical laboratories, which includes various processes that can affect the outcome of a patient’s blood, tissue and fluid examination, ranging from the medical order until the beginning of the processing of the sample (analytical phase). Specifically, laboratory tests are the main source of information in haematological diagnosis for medical decisions related to the treatment and follow-up of patients. For this reason, control of all aspects involved in the preanalytic phase should be a priority in all clinical laboratories. In this review, we present the main preanalytical aspects of the most common tests in the hematological diagnosis, corresponding to the areas of basic and specialized coagulation, general and specialized hematology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular biology, among others of interest.