The efficacy of picture vs. word danger cues in reducing imitation of dangerous actions in children.

Introduction: Children are naturally curious and often have limited self-control, leading them to imitate both safe and dangerous actions. This study aimed to investigate whether dangerous cues could effectively inhibit children's imitation of hazardous behaviors and to compare the effectiveness of picture cues versus word cues in reducing this imitation. Methods: Seventy-six children were divided into two groups: one group received picture cues, and the other received word cues. Both groups observed an agent grasping an object and were instructed to perform a corresponding keystroke response when a number appeared. A comparable group of adults was also included for reference. Results: The results demonstrated that picture cues were significantly more effective than word cues in reducing the children's tendency to imitate dangerous actions. Discussion: These findings suggest that picture cues are a more effective method for preventing imitation of risky behaviors in children, which has important implications for improving safety education and accident prevention strategies through the use of visual danger cues.

Prediction of craving across studies: A commentary on conceptual and methodological considerations when using data-driven methods.

Craving is a central feature of substance use disorders and disorders due to addictive behaviors. Considerable research has investigated neural mechanisms involved in the development and processing of craving. Recently, connectome-based predictive modeling, a data-driven method, has been used in four studies aiming to predict craving related to substance use, addictive behaviors, and food. Studies differed in methods, samples, and conceptualizations of craving. Within the commentary we aim to compare, contrast and consolidate findings across studies by considering conceptual and methodological features of the studies. We derive a theoretical model on the functional connectivity-craving relationships across studies.

Cannabis cue-reactivity in cannabis use disorder: Diverging evidence in two distinct cannabis cultures.

BACKGROUND: Cannabis policies and attitudes play a role in the development and presentation of cannabis use disorder (CUD), but it is unclear how these factors are related to biomarkers of addiction. The current study examined cross-cultural differences in cannabis attitudes, cannabis cue-reactivity in the brain and its associations with cannabis use measures and cannabis attitudes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional fMRI study. SETTING: The Netherlands (NL) and Texas (TX), USA. PARTICIPANTS: 104 cannabis users with CUD (44% female; NL-CUD = 54, TX-CUD = 50) and 83 non-using controls (52% female; NL-CON = 50, TX-CON = 33). MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported positive (perceived benefits) and negative (perceived harms) cannabis attitudes and tactile cannabis cue-reactivity assessed using a 3T MRI scanner. FINDINGS: While the CUD group overall was more positive and less negative about cannabis and reported higher craving, the TX-CUD group reported significantly more positive and less negative attitudes and less craving than the NL-CUD group. Cannabis cue-reactivity was observed in the CUD group in clusters including the precuneus, lateral occipital cortex, frontal medial cortex, nucleus accumbens, and thalamus. In the TX-CUD group, a positive association was observed between symptom severity and cue-induced craving and cannabis cue-reactivity in precuneus and occipital cortex clusters, while a negative association was observed in the NL-CUD group. In these clusters, individuals with more positive attitudes exhibited a positive association between craving and cue-reactivity and those with less positive attitudes exhibited a negative association. No associations with quantity of use were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Cue-induced craving might be deferentially associated with cannabis cue-reactivity across distinct cannabis use environments.

Social addiction or nicotine addiction? The effect of smoking social motivation on inhibitory control under smoking social cues: Evidence from ERPs.

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies and theoretical models suggest that the decreasing effect of smoking-related cues on inhibitory control in individuals who smoke is one of the underlying mechanisms of smoking behavior. However, many studies have overlooked the effects of other types of smoking-related cues, such as social cues. Moreover, previous studies have lacked investigation into whether this decreasing effect is influenced by internal factors. The present study aims to integrate behavioral and electrophysiological indicators to investigate the effect of smoking social cues on inhibitory control in individuals who smoke, as well as the moderating role of social motivations. METHOD: In Experiment 1, a visual Go/NoGo paradigm with four types of backgrounds (neutral, neutral social, smoking object, and smoking social backgrounds) was used to record the error rates and reaction times of 32 participants who smoke. In Experiment 2, the Go/NoGo paradigm with two types of backgrounds (smoking object and smoking social backgrounds) was used to record the error rates, reaction times, and amplitudes of the N2 and P3 event-related potentials among 30 participants who smoke with varying degrees of primed smoking social motivation. RESULTS: (1) Individuals who smoke had higher commission error rates and larger P3 amplitude under smoking social background than under smoking object background; (2) individuals who smoke with primed high smoking social motivation, rather than low motivation had higher commission error rates and larger P3 amplitude under smoking social background than under smoking object background. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking social cues have a greater capacity to decrease inhibitory control in people who smoke than smoking object cues, and this decreasing effect is bolstered by smoking social motivation.

Autoimmune Hashimoto's Disease and Feminization Level-Testing the Immunocompetence Hypothesis.

Morphological femininity depends mainly on estrogen levels at puberty and is perceived as a cue of a woman's biological condition. Due to the immunostimulant properties of estradiol, estradiol-dependent feminine traits are expected to be positively related to immunity. However, heightened immunity in women may increase the risk of autoimmune disease, thus the relationship between femininity and immune quality may be complex. This study aimed to assess the relationship between morphological femininity and both the occurrence and severity of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in women of reproductive age. Moreover, 95 women with HT and 84 without HT (all between 20 and 37 years) participated in the study. Morphological femininity was assessed based on somatic measurements of sexually dimorphic traits (2D:4D ratio, WHR, breast size, facial sexual dimorphism). The occurrence and severity of HT were assessed by serum TPOAb levels. The results showed that only the 2D:4D ratio of the right hand was higher in the HT group, indicating higher femininity in these women. However, there was also a positive relationship between facial femininity and TPOAb level in women with HT, indicating a higher severity of the disease. The results suggest that prenatal and pubertal exposure to estrogens may increase the probability or severity of autoimmune diseases in adulthood, but the relationship is tentative.

Response and conflict expectations shape motor responses interactively.

Efficient responses in dynamic environments rely on a combination of readiness and flexibility, regulated by anticipatory and online response control mechanisms. The latter are required when a motor response needs to be reprogrammed or when flanker stimuli induce response conflict and they are crucially modulated by anticipatory signals such as response and conflict expectations. The mutual influence and interplay of these control processes remain to be elucidated. Our behavioral study employed a novel combined response cueing/conflict task designed to test for interactive effects of response reprogramming and conflict resolution and their modulation by expectations. To this end, valid and invalid response cues were combined with congruent and incongruent target flankers. Expectations were modulated by systematically manipulating the proportions of valid versus invalid cues and congruent versus incongruent flanker stimuli in different task blocks. Reaction time and accuracy were assessed in thirty-one healthy volunteers. The results revealed response reprogramming and conflict resolution interactions for both behavioral measures, modulated by response and conflict expectations. Accuracy decreased disproportionally when invalidly cued targets with incongruent flankers were least expected. These findings support coordinated and partially overlapping anticipatory and online response control mechanisms within motor-cognitive networks.

Blunted reward-related activation to food scenes distinguishes individuals with alcohol use disorder in a pilot case-control fMRI pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is thought to bias the neurocircuitry underlying reward processing and motivation to preferentially attend to conditioned alcohol cues over natural rewards. The present case-control pilot study evaluated this hypothesis using novel natural reward paradigms. METHODS: Twenty-eight participants (AUD, n = 14, light drinkers, n = 14) were recruited-AUD participants reported 44.0% heavy drinking days (%HDD) and 4.67 drinks/day over the preceding 90 days. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired during the administration of three separate picture-viewing paradigms of alcohol cues, food scenes, and social reward, respectively. Independent samples t-tests were performed to compare groups' fMRI data and exploratory correlation analyses were performed to examine associations with clinical characteristics of AUD. RESULTS: Food scenes elicited abnormally low reward-related activation, within the superior frontal gyrus and caudate bilaterally, among AUD participants. Lower activation to food scenes within the superior frontal gyrus was, in turn, associated with higher levels of past-month %HDD among AUD participants, specifically, along with craving and alcohol dependence severity when examined across the full sample. Contrasting reward types (e.g., alcohol cues vs. food scenes) did not reveal "preferential" activation to differentiate groups. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy drinking appears associated with reduced responsivity to natural rewards, specifically food rather than social cues. Neural mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of malnutrition among individuals with AUD may involve some combination of blunted approach-related affect and reduced craving-related motivation to eat when food is present, resulting in limited engagement of cortico-striato-thalamic motor circuitry supporting food acquisition. However, given the preliminary nature of this pilot study, such formulations remain tentative until larger follow-up studies can be conducted. From a potential translational standpoint, the ability of promising therapeutics to demonstrate increased responsivity to natural rewards, specifically nutritive reward may serve as a valuable complementary efficacy indicator for future clinical neuroimaging trials in AUD.

Single session of direction-specific training using auditory cues improves anticipatory postural adjustments to lateral perturbations.

When exposed to a predictable external perturbation, humans typically generate anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) to minimize potential body disturbance. After a single session of training, individuals demonstrated the ability to rely solely on an auditory cue to elicit appropriate APAs in response to an external postural perturbation. However, whether the generation of APAs requires directional specific training remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether directional-specific training with auditory cues is necessary for the generation of appropriate APA responses. Ten young adults were exposed to external perturbations targeting either their left or right shoulders, with or without an auditory cue prior to the physical impact. Electromyography (EMG) activities of sixteen trunk and leg muscles and center-of-pressure (COP) displacements were recorded and analyzed during the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural control. Outcome measures included the latencies and integrals of muscle activities, COP displacements, and indices of co-contraction and reciprocal activation of muscles. The results revealed that, after training with right-side perturbations accompanied by an auditory cue, young adults exhibited earlier and more efficient APA responses to right-side perturbations relying only on the auditory cue. Additionally, they displayed earlier APA responses in some muscles to left-side perturbations, although these responses were less efficient. Our findings suggest that young adults could generate effective APAs to external perturbations relying on an auditory cue after a single training session; however, these responses were directional specific.

Effects of MCPA and difenoconazole on glyphosate degradation and soil microorganisms.

Modern agriculture relies heavily on pesticide use to meet the demands of food quality and quantity. Therefore, pesticides are often applied in mixtures, leading to a diverse cocktail of chemicals and their metabolites in soils, which can affect non-target organisms such as soil microorganisms. Pesticides are tested for their single effects, but studies on their interactive effects are scarce. This study aimed to determine the effects of up to three simultaneously applied pesticides on the soil microbial community and on their special function in pesticide degradation. Agricultural soil without previous pesticide application was exposed to different mixtures of the herbicide glyphosate (GLP), the phenoxy herbicide MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and the fungicide difenoconazole (DFC) for up to 56 days. Isotopic and molecular methods were used to investigate effects of the mixtures on the microbial community and to follow the mineralization and utilization of GLP. An initial increase in the metabolic quotient by up to 35 % in the presence of MCPA indicated a stress reaction of the microbial community. The presence of multiple pesticides reduced both gram positive bacterial fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by 13 % and the abundance of microorganisms with the genetic potential for GLP degradation via the AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) pathway. Both the number of pesticides and the identities of individual pesticides played major roles. Surprisingly, an increase in 13C-labelled GLP mineralization of up to 40 % was observed while carbon use efficiency (CUE) decreased. Interactions between multiple pesticides might alter the behavior of individual pesticides and be reflected in the microbial community. Our results highlight the importance of investigating not only single pesticides, but also pesticide mixtures and their interactions.

Polarized light detection in bumblebees varies with light intensity and is mediated by both the ocelli and compound eyes.

Like many insects, bumblebees use polarized light (PL) to orient and navigate. The celestial PL pattern is strongest when the sun is close to the horizon, during the dim light of dawn and dusk. In the dim light, the sensitivity of the compound eyes may not be sufficient for detecting PL or landmarks, and it has previously been hypothesized that bumblebees rely on PL from their more sensitive ocelli to navigate at dawn and dusk. Here, we tested this hypothesis using a combination of electrophysiological and behavioural tests. Specifically, we investigate whether bumblebee ocelli can detect PL and explore how the PL contribution from the ocelli and compound eyes is affected by light intensity. We find that bumblebee ocelli do indeed have PL sensitivity and that PL information can be used to guide behaviour in dim light. In bright light, however, both the compound eyes and ocelli are important for the detection of PL. Our results support the hypothesis that bumblebees use PL information from the ocelli at the low light levels that occur around dawn and dusk, and this may support their ability to forage during these periods.

Exploring the Utility of a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Cannabis Cue-Reactivity Paradigm in Treatment Seeking Adults with Cannabis Use Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies examining cue-reactivity in cannabis use disorder (CUD) have either had small sample sizes or involved non-treatment-seeking participants. As a secondary analysis, we administered an fMRI cue-reactivity task to CUD participants entering two separate clinical trials (varenicline or repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-rTMS) to determine the task activation patterns for treatment-seeking participants with CUD. We aimed to determine the activation patterns for the total sample and determined behavioral correlates. We additionally compared studies to determine if patterns were consistent. METHODS: Treatment-seeking participants with moderate or severe CUD had behavioral craving measured at baseline via the short form of the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ-SF) and completed a visual cannabis cue-reactivity task during fMRI (measuring the Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent-BOLD response) following 24-hours of cannabis-abstinence. RESULTS: Sixty-five participants were included (37-varenicline, 28-rTMS; 32% female; mean-age 30.4±9.9SD). When contrasting cannabis-images vs. matched-neutral-images, participants showed greater BOLD response in bilateral ventromedial-prefrontal, dorsolateral-prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and visual cortices, as well as the striatum. There was stronger task-based functional-connectivity (tbFC) between the medial prefrontal cortex and both the amygdala and the visual cortex. Craving negatively correlated with BOLD response in the left ventral striatum (R2=-0.32; p=0.01) in the full sample. There were no significant differences in either activation or tbFC between studies. DISCUSSION: Among two separate treatment-seeking groups with CUD, there was increased cannabis cue-reactivity and tbFC in regions related to executive function and reward processing. Cannabis-craving was negatively associated with cue-reactivity in the left ventral striatum.

The Impact of Developmental and Metabolic Cues on Cytoophidium Formation.

The cytoophidium, composed mainly of CTP synthase (CTPS), is a newly discovered dynamic filamentous structure in various organisms such as archaea, bacteria, and humans. These filamentous structures represent a fascinating example of intracellular compartmentation and dynamic regulation of metabolic enzymes. Currently, cytoophidia have been proven to be tightly regulated and highly dynamic, responding rapidly to developmental and metabolic cues and playing a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this review, we would like to discuss in detail the characteristics, mechanisms, functions, and potential applications of this conservative but promising organelle.

The effect of individual differences on Pavlovian conditioning in specific Internet-use disorders.

The I-PACE model suggests that Internet-use disorders result from the interplay of individual vulnerabilities and cognitive and affective processes. As in substance use disorders, Pavlovian conditioning processes are attributed a key role. However, and despite progress in identifying individual vulnerabilities, factors influencing appetitive conditioning remain poorly understood. We therefore conducted a Pavlovian conditioning experiment in which individuals with risky as well as non-problematic use of either gaming or buying-shopping applications learned to associate different abstract stimuli with either gaming or buying-shopping. Regression analyses were used to identify individual characteristics influencing awareness of the experimental contingencies, speed of acquisition of awareness and the magnitude of the conditioned emotional responses regarding pleasantness and arousal ratings of the stimuli. Results demonstrated successful Pavlovian conditioning and an attentional bias towards reward-predicting cues. Awareness of the experimental contingencies was linked solely to cognitive abilities, while the speed of acquisition of awareness and the magnitude of conditioned responses was influenced by specific personality characteristics, experiences of compensation from using the application and severity of problematic use. Importantly, certain characteristics specifically predicted the magnitude of the conditioned response towards gaming, while others specifically predicted the response towards buying-shopping, highlighting differing vulnerabilities. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and prevention strategies tailored to these specific vulnerability factors. Further implications and limitations are discussed.

Large mammal behavioral defenses induced by the cues of human predation.

Large mammals respond to human hunting via proactive and reactive responses, which can induce subsequent nonconsumptive effects (NCEs). Thus, there is evidence that large mammals exhibit considerable behavioral plasticity in response to human hunting risk. Currently, however, it is unclear which cues of human hunting large mammals may be responding to. We conducted a literature review to quantify the large mammal behavioral responses induced by the cues of human hunting. We detected 106 studies published between 1978 and 2022 of which 34 (32%) included at least one measure of cue, typically visual (n = 26 of 106, 25%) or auditory (n = 11 of 106, 10%). Space use (n = 37 of 106, 35%) and flight (n = 31 of 106, 29%) were the most common behavioral responses studied. Among the 34 studies that assessed at least one cue, six (18%) measured large mammal behavioral responses in relation to proxies of human hunting (e.g. hunting site or season). Only 14% (n = 15 of 106) of the studies quantified an NCE associated with an animal's response to human hunting. Moreover, the association between cues measured and antipredator behaviors is unclear due to a consistent lack of controls. Thus, while human hunting can shape animal populations via consumptive effects, the cues triggering these responses are poorly understood. There hence remains a need to link cues, responses, NCEs, and the dynamics of large mammal populations. Human activities can then be adjusted accordingly to prevent both overexploitation and unintended NCEs in animal populations.

Neuromodulation and mindfulness as therapeutic treatment in detoxified patients with alcohol use disorder.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) poses a significant global health challenge. Traditional management strategies often face high relapse rates, leading to a need for innovative approaches. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) has emerged as a promising intervention to enhance cognitive control, reduce cue-related craving and improve interoceptive processing. Neuroimaging studies suggest that mindfulness training can modulate brain networks associated with these factors, potentially improving treatment outcomes for AUD. Neuroimaging studies suggest that mindfulness training can modulate brain networks linked to these brain functions, potentially improving treatment outcomes for AUD. However, it is unclear how MBRP links to neurophysiological measures such as frontal midline theta oscillations (FMΘ) and whether the beneficial effects of MBRP can be increased by enhancing FMΘ. Here, we will use two different forms of neuromodulation to target and enhance these oscillations, and evaluate their impact on the effectiveness of MBRP. METHODS: This study will employ a four-arm randomized controlled trial to evaluate the synergistic effects of MBRP augmented with transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) or closed-loop amplitude-modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (CLAM-tACS) on cognitive control, cue reactivity and interoceptive processing in AUD patients. Participants will undergo six weekly group MBRP sessions and daily individual mindfulness practices. Assessments will include an inhibition task, cue-induced craving task, and heartbeat discrimination task, alongside heart rate variability and 32-channel EEG recordings. Participants will be assessed pre and post treatment, with a three-month follow-up to evaluate long-term effects on abstinence and alcohol consumption. DISCUSSION: This study will not only elucidate the causal link between FMΘ and efficacy of MBRP, but contribute to a better understanding of how combined psychological and neuromodulation interventions can improve treatment outcomes for AUD, potentially leading to more effective therapeutic strategies. This study also seeks to explore individual differences in response to treatment, which could inform future approaches to AUD management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study received approval by the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institutional Review Board (EA1/030/23, 10.11.2023). It was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06308484).

Gender and Professional Identities in Businesswomen's Negotiation.

Gender roles and expectations for women have been shown to account for why women tend to negotiate ineffectively in business settings. Drawing from the psychological literature on multiple identities, this paper examines how individual differences in perceived compatibility between gender and professional identities-captured by the construct Gender-Professional Identity Integration (G-PII)-shape businesswomen's negotiation behaviors. Two studies examined how G-PII interacts with identity cues and cue valence to influence negotiation outcomes. We found that those who perceived their gender and professional identities as compatible (high G-PII) exhibited an "assimilation" effect-they negotiate more effectively when their professional identity was primed by professional identity cues and when prototypical female traits were positively linked to negotiation success, and negotiated less effectively when their gender identity was primed by gender identity cues and when prototypical female traits were negatively linked to negotiation success. However, businesswomen who perceived their gender and professional identities as incompatible (low G-PII) exhibited the opposite "contrast" effect. These findings suggest that the way women negotiate is influenced in part by individual differences in perceptions of compatibility between multiple identities.

Independence and synergy of spatial attention in the two visual systems of jumping spiders.

By selectively focusing on a specific portion of the environment, animals can solve the problem of information overload, toning down irrelevant inputs and concentrating only on the relevant ones. This may be of particular relevance for animals such as the jumping spider, which possess a wide visual field of almost 360° and thus could benefit from a low-cost system for sharpening attention. Jumping spiders have a modular visual system composed of four pairs of eyes, of which only the two frontal eyes (i.e., AMEs) are motile, whereas the other secondary pairs remain immobile. We hypothesized that jumping spiders can exploit both principal and secondary eyes for stimulus detection and attentional shift, with the two systems working synergistically. In Experiment 1 we investigated AMEs' attentional responses following a spatial cue presented to the secondary eyes. In Experiment 2, we tested for enhanced attention in the secondary eyes' visual field congruent with the direction of the AMEs' focus. In both experiments, we observed that animals were faster and more accurate in detecting a target when it appeared in a direction opposite to that of the initial cue. In contrast with our initial hypothesis, these results would suggest that attention is segregated across eyes, with each system working on compensating the other by attending to different spatial locations.

A U-shaped relationship between chronic academic stress and the dynamics of reward processing.

Despite the potential link between stress-induced reward dysfunctions and the development of mental problems, limited human research has investigated the specific impacts of chronic stress on the dynamics of reward processing. Here we aimed to investigate the relationship between chronic academic stress and the dynamics of reward processing (i.e., reward anticipation and reward consumption) using event-related potential (ERP) technology. Ninety healthy undergraduates who were preparing for the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (NPEE) participated in the study and completed a two-door reward task, their chronic stress levels were assessed via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The results showed that a lower magnitude of reward elicited more negative amplitudes of cue-N2 during the anticipatory phase, and reward omission elicited more negative amplitudes of FRN compared to reward delivery especially in high reward conditions during the consummatory phase. More importantly, the PSS score exhibited a U-shaped relationship with cue-N2 amplitudes regardless of reward magnitude during the anticipatory phase; and FRN amplitudes toward reward omission in high reward condition during the consummatory phase. These findings suggest that individuals exposed to either low or high levels of chronic stress, as opposed to moderate stress levels, exhibited a heightened reward anticipation, and an augmented violation of expectations or affective response when faced with relatively more negative outcomes.

Mechanically Induced Motor Tremors Disrupt the Perception of Time.

Contemporary research has begun to show a strong relationship between movements and the perception of time. More specifically, concurrent movements serve to both bias and enhance time estimates. To explain these effects, we recently proposed a mechanism by which movements provide a secondary channel for estimating duration that is combined optimally with sensory estimates. However, a critical test of this framework is that by introducing "noise" into movements, sensory estimates of time should similarly become noisier. To accomplish this, we had human participants move a robotic arm while estimating intervals of time in either auditory or visual modalities (n = 24, ea.). Crucially, we introduced an artificial "tremor" in the arm while subjects were moving, that varied across three levels of amplitude (1-3 N) or frequency (4-12 Hz). The results of both experiments revealed that increasing the frequency of the tremor led to noisier estimates of duration. Further, the effect of noise varied with the base precision of the interval, such that a naturally less precise timing (i.e., visual) was more influenced by the tremor than a naturally more precise modality (i.e., auditory). To explain these findings, we fit the data with a recently developed drift-diffusion model of perceptual decision-making, in which the momentary, within-trial variance was allowed to vary across conditions. Here, we found that the model could recapitulate the observed findings, further supporting the theory that movements influence perception directly. Overall, our findings support the proposed framework, and demonstrate the utility of inducing motor noise via artificial tremors.

Predicting alcohol consumption: Application of an integrated social cognition model of intentions, habits, and cue consistency.

Drinking alcohol in excess is associated with deleterious health outcomes, highlighting the need for research to identify potentially modifiable correlates of excessive alcohol consumption to target in behavioral interventions. The present two-wave prospective correlational study applied an integrated theoretical model that included theory of planned behavior constructs alongside habit, cue consistency, affective attitudes, and past behavior as predictors of two alcohol-related behaviors, drinking within safe limits and regular alcohol drinking, in separate samples of Australian undergraduate students (total N = 474). Structural equation models identified direct effects of habit, affective attitude, and subjective norms on intention for both behaviors. Habit at follow-up, cue consistency, and past behavior directly predicted behavior in both samples, whereas intention predicted behavior only for drinking within safe limits, and affective attitude only predicted behavior for regular drinking. Cue consistency moderated the effects of habit on behavior for both behaviors and moderated the effect of past behavior on regular drinking. Results corroborate past behavior and habit as key correlates of behavior and provide preliminary evidence of the importance of integrating cue consistency, a defining characteristic of habit, as a moderator of habit and past behavior effects an integrated theory test.