RESUMEN
In modern conditions of sanctions policy, the issue of import of various categories of goods is subject to special control and attention from the state. This aspect may be due, on the one hand, to the introduction of retaliatory measures related to the prohibitions and restrictions imposed on the import of certain goods, and, on the other hand, to the development of a special approach to customs clearance of products, manifested in the simplification of requirements for the provision of accompanying documents. Of course, such a category of goods as medical devices, being the most important from the point of view of its intended purpose, requires close attention from the state, especially due to the fact that a significant amount of medical devices and their corresponding accessories are imported from third countries. The article discusses in detail the basic requirements for documents that must be accompanied by imported medical devices, examines the key aspects of customs clearance of this category of goods, and highlights problematic issues related to the import of medical device accessories, on the basis of which proposals were formulated for their settlement.
RESUMEN
Current railroad customs clearance systems are problematic in that the movement of trains is occasionally restricted for extended periods during inspections to verify cargo integrity at customs clearance. Consequently, significant human and material resources are consumed to obtain customs clearance to the destination, considering different processes exist for cross-border trade. Therefore, we developed a cross-border blockchain-based non-stop customs clearance (NSCC) system to address these delays and reduce resource consumption for cross-border trains. The integrity, stability, and traceability of blockchain technology are used to construct a stable and reliable customs clearance system to address these problems. The proposed method connects diverse trade and customs clearance agreements in a single blockchain network, which ensures integrity and minimal resource consumption, and includes railroads, freight vehicles, and transit stations in addition to the current customs clearance system. The integrity and confidentiality of customs clearance data are protected using sequence diagrams and the blockchain to strengthen the resilience of the NSCC process against attacks; the blockchain-based NSCC system structurally verifies the attack resilience based on matching sequences. The results confirm that the blockchain-based NSCC system is time- and cost-efficient compared with the current customs clearance system and offers improved attack resilience.
RESUMEN
In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, how to promote blockchain technology to improve the efficiency of port customs clearance and logistics transparency has become a hot research question in the shipping industry. In this paper, we investigate the value of blockchain-based vertical cooperation led by a port or a shipping company in a one-to-two shipping service competition model. A status quo scenario and two different investment scenarios led by different stakeholders are constructed, and equilibrium solutions of the Stackelberg game in three scenarios are proposed. Meanwhile, consumer surplus and social welfare under different cooperation frameworks are discussed. We find that i) investment in blockchain technology can significantly increase the profits of shipping supply chain participants. ii) From the point of view of profit, when the investment efficiency of the port and the shipping company satisfies a certain relationship, there is a balanced strategy for both parties to invest in blockchain technology. iii) The more intense the competition for the services of shipping companies, the lower the level of blockchain technology to improve the logistics capabilities of the shipping supply chain participants. iv) The port's investment in blockchain technology brings more consumer surplus and social welfare. The abovementioned findings can provide managerial insights for ports and shipping companies and present decision support for the government to formulate blockchain technology promotion policies.
RESUMEN
This research tries to shed light on precise values of logistics costs that so far undisclosed. The values are important for every project planners to evaluate, control and monitoring, and especially imperative for procurement activities. Tender, bidding, and defining the scope of contracts and value can be well organized without time-consuming. This research uses methodology previously developed by Subiyanto (2020a) and discussed only a few particular and directly related to the logistics. The model had been decomposed by utilizing path analysis and the data had been regressed to define variables as the most inflator for logistics. The findings are total logistics costs in Indonesia generally at around 14.6% to total costs of investment. It consists following of insurance cost 0.11%, costs for customs clearance 6.52%, foreign logistics costs 6.62%, domestic manufacture 0.47%, and domestic logistics costs 0.89%. This research is not discussing logistics costs relating to human resources, human travelling, and internal logistics conducted by vendors or contractors as the scope included counted within their procurement contract. These results are important as guidance for project planners, controllers, and other parties to prepare costs more precisely. Negotiating to the banks will be easier as the more precise amount of budgets had been estimated. Due to the important values that have been identified, there will help transparency and governance conducting the projects. Procurement processes involving societies are more objective and better. This is a novelty finding as previous researchers have not decided yet.