Enhancing the Efficiency of a Cybersecurity Operations Center Using Biomimetic Algorithms Empowered by Deep Q-Learning.

In the complex and dynamic landscape of cyber threats, organizations require sophisticated strategies for managing Cybersecurity Operations Centers and deploying Security Information and Event Management systems. Our study enhances these strategies by integrating the precision of well-known biomimetic optimization algorithms-namely Particle Swarm Optimization, the Bat Algorithm, the Gray Wolf Optimizer, and the Orca Predator Algorithm-with the adaptability of Deep Q-Learning, a reinforcement learning technique that leverages deep neural networks to teach algorithms optimal actions through trial and error in complex environments. This hybrid methodology targets the efficient allocation and deployment of network intrusion detection sensors while balancing cost-effectiveness with essential network security imperatives. Comprehensive computational tests show that versions enhanced with Deep Q-Learning significantly outperform their native counterparts, especially in complex infrastructures. These results highlight the efficacy of integrating metaheuristics with reinforcement learning to tackle complex optimization challenges, underscoring Deep Q-Learning's potential to boost cybersecurity measures in rapidly evolving threat environments.

A Survey of MPSoC Management toward Self-Awareness.

Managing Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) is becoming increasingly complex as demands for advanced capabilities rise. This complexity is due to the involvement of more processing elements and resources, leading to a higher degree of heterogeneity throughout the system. Over time, management schemes have evolved from simple to autonomous systems with continuous control and monitoring of various parameters such as power distribution, thermal events, fault tolerance, and system security. Autonomous management integrates self-awareness into the system, making it aware of its environment, behavior, and objectives. Self-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems-on-Chip (SA-CPSoCs) have emerged as a concept to achieve highly autonomous management. Communication infrastructure is also vital to SoCs, and Software-Defined Networks-on-Chip (SDNoCs) can serve as a base structure for self-aware systems-on-chip. This paper presents a survey of the evolution of MPSoC management over the last two decades, categorizing research works according to their objectives and improvements. It also discusses the characteristics and properties of SA-CPSoCs and explains why SDNoCs are crucial for these systems.

Restorative Parental Discipline and Types of Defending Bystander Intervention in Cyberbullying: The Mediate Role of Justice Sensitivity.

Parental socialization strategies are critical in explaining adolescents' online behavior. This study examined the relationships between parental restorative discipline, observed justice sensitivity, and cyber-bystander defender intervention (constructive and aggressive) in cyberbullying. The sample comprised 900 Mexican adolescents (40.2% male and 58.8% female), of which 450 were from secondary school (M age = 13.6, SD = 0.8) and 450 were from high school (M age = 15.4, SD = 1.3). Structural equation modeling with latent variables was performed. Overall, the results indicate that parental restorative discipline positively relates to the observer's justice sensitivity and the adoption of constructive interventions by cyber-bystander defenders. However, restorative discipline had no significant direct relationship with aggressive intervention. Observers' justice sensitivity mediates the association between restorative parenting discipline and aggressive or constructive defender interventions. Gender does not moderate the relationship proposed in the structural model. These findings suggest that parental restorative discipline explains constructive and aggressive cyber-bystander defender interventions in cyberbullying.

Understanding the Feature Space and Decision Boundaries of Commercial WAFs Using Maximum Entropy in the Mean.

The security of a network requires the correct identification and characterization of the attacks through its ports. This involves the follow-up of all the requests for access to the networks by all kinds of users. We consider the frequency of connections and the type of connections to a network, and determine their joint probability. This leads to the problem of determining a joint probability distribution from the knowledge of its marginals in the presence of errors of measurement. Mathematically, this consists of an ill-posed linear problem with convex constraints, which we solved by the method of maximum entropy in the mean. This procedure is flexible enough to accommodate errors in the data in a natural way. Also, the procedure is model-free and, hence, it does not require fitting unknown parameters.

Jealousy, sexism, and romantic love myths: the role of beliefs in online dating violence.

With the massification of the Internet and social networks, a new form of dating violence called cyber-violence has emerged, which involves behaviors of control, humiliation, intimidation and threats towards the partner or ex-partner. Using a non-probabilistic sample of 1,001 participants aged 18 to 25 years, the present study used an ex post facto, retrospective, cross-sectional, single-group design to analyze the joint effects that beliefs associated with dating violence such as romantic love myths, jealousy, and sexism have on the victimization and perpetration of cyber-violence. The results evidenced that jealousy is involved in both Cyber-victimization and Cyber-harassment perpetrated, while sexist beliefs are only involved in perpetration. In the discussion section, it is postulated that cyber-violence is a phenomenon that is more related to the probability of aggression, but not to the probability of being a victim. Finally, limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

Performance Analysis of Embedded Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Networks on Smart Cyber-Physical Systems for IoT Environments.

At present, modern society is experiencing a significant transformation. Thanks to the digitization of society and manufacturing, mainly because of a combination of technologies, such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, machine learning, smart cyber-physical systems, etc., which are making the smart factory and Industry 4.0 a reality. Currently, most of the intelligence of smart cyber-physical systems is implemented in software. For this reason, in this work, we focused on the artificial intelligence software design of this technology, one of the most complex and critical. This research aimed to study and compare the performance of a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network designed for solving the problem of character recognition in three implementation technologies: personal computers, cloud computing environments, and smart cyber-physical systems. After training and testing the multilayer perceptron, training time and accuracy tests showed each technology has particular characteristics and performance. Nevertheless, the three technologies have a similar performance of 97% accuracy, despite a difference in the training time. The results show that the artificial intelligence embedded in fog technology is a promising alternative for developing smart cyber-physical systems.

Prevalencia de ciberviolencia de género en el noviazgo en dos universidades de Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana / Prevalence gender cyber-violence in engagement at two universities in Bucaramanga and Metropolitan Area

Resumen Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs) se han transformado en una herramienta de interacción y entretenimiento que se evidencia en diferentes ámbitos de la vida, facilitando, al mismo tiempo, un espacio tecnológico para establecer y mantener relaciones de noviazgo en los jóvenes por medio del uso frecuente de las redes sociales, y favoreciendo elementos de control, aislamiento, dominación, sometimiento e imposición. La presente investigación identifica la prevalencia de ciberviolencia de género en el noviazgo en jóvenes universitarios, mediante un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo transversal, a través de una muestra conformada por 329 estudiantes universitarios, 196 mujeres y 133 hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 26 años. Para la evaluación se empleó el Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) el cual está compuesto por 40 reactivos que evalúan de forma paralela victimización y perpetración en dos escalas: agresión directa y control/monitoreo. Los resultados mostraron que las conductas que más se repiten, tanto en el rol de víctima como en el de agresor, son las de control y monitoreo, evidenciándose además que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al porcentaje de las subescalas según sexo; reafirmándose la necesidad de continuar investigando y generando herramientas que respondan a este fenómeno.

Abstract The information and communication technologies (ICT) have become a tool for interaction and entertainment that is evidenced in different areas of life, by facilitating, at the same time, a technological space to establish and maintain dating relationships in young people through frequent use of social media and favoring elements of control, isolation, domination, submission and imposition. This research identifies the prevalence of gender cyber-violence in engagement in young university students, using a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional design, through a sample made up of 329 university students, 196 women and 133 men, aged between 18 and 26 years. For the evaluation, the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) was used, which is composed of 40 items that evaluate victimization and perpetration in parallel on two scales: direct aggression and control / monitoring. The results showed that the behaviors that are repeated the most, both in the role of victim and in that of aggressor, they are those of control and monitoring, also showing that there are no statistically significant differences with respect to the percentage of the subscales according to sex, reaffirming the need to continue investigating and generating tools to respond to this phenomenon.

Actual over 3-year survival after stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

PURPOSE: As a non-invasive treatment, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been an emerging and effective option for patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The Cyber Knife has an SBRT system, which can realize real-time tracking of tumors during treatment. It can protect the surrounding normal liver tissue while the tumor gets the therapeutic dose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the local control rate for patients after SBRT treatment, and to predict the factors affecting survival rates, then to report the 3-year actual survival rates after treatment and identify the influencing factors of 3-year survival rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a long-term follow-up of 43 patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who underwent Cyber Knife in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018. Regular medical check-ups were performed every 2-3 months after SBRT to evaluated the effect of treatment. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 15 months (4-78 months), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6 months (95% CI, 2.788-9.212) and the median overall survival (OS) was 12 months (95% CI, 3.434-20.566), respectively. Based on modified Response Evaluation and Criteria in Solid Tumor (mRECIST), response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) of SBRT in unresectable ICC were 55.2% and 86%. The 1-, 2- and 3-years OS rate were 51.2%, 32.6% and 23.3%. Multivariate analysis based on competing risk survival analysis identified that patients with multiple nodules, large diameter, high level of CA199 and CEA, poor ECOG performance status had worse overall survival (p < 0.05). Patients who survived ≥3 years had significantly lower levels of CEA, CA199, smaller tumor diameters and lower number of lesions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The SBRT might be a candidate option for patients who unable to perform surgery. The rate of 3-year survival after SBRT for unresectable ICC can be expected with 23.3%.

Netiquette, implication of online emotional content and empathy in adolescents according to gender / Netiqueta, implicación del contenido emocional en línea y empatía en adolescentes según el género

Abstract: Introduction: Education in netiquette (social norms that promote cyber coexistence) has become an alternative proposal for helping prevent online expressions of discrimination and violence. Specifically, empathy and online emotional content are key in antisocial behaviours. Method: Our objective is thus to differentially analyse the relationships between netiquette, online emotional content, and empathy in adolescents according to gender. 774 adolescents (55.4% girls) enrolled in 13 Spanish educational centres participated (M = 13.82 and SD = 1345). Results: Results show that girls achieve higher scores in netiquette, online emotional content, and empathy. E-emotional expression in girls and the facilitating use of e-emotions in boys are exclusionary factors of netiquette; however, the understanding and management of e-emotions for both genders, as well as cognitive empathy in boys, are promoter factors. Conclusions: It would be advisable to educate young people in netiquette, where the moderate use of emotional expression online can be an effective strategy to promote it.

Resumen Introducción: Educar en la netiqueta (normas sociales que promueven la ciberconvivencia) se ha convertido en una propuesta alternativa para ayudar a prevenir las expresiones de discriminación y violencia online. En concreto, la empatía y el contenido emocional online son claves en los comportamientos antisociales. Método: Nuestro objetivo es, por tanto, analizar de forma diferencial las relaciones entre la netiqueta, el contenido emocional online y la empatía en adolescentes según el género. Participaron 774 adolescentes (55,4% chicas) matriculados en 13 centros educativos españoles (M = 13,82 y SD = 1345). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que las chicas alcanzan mayores puntuaciones en netiqueta, contenido emocional online y empatía. Además, la expresión e-emocional en las chicas y la facilitación del uso de las e-emociones en los chicos son factores amortiguadores de la netiqueta; sin embargo, la compresión y regulación de las e-emociones para ambos géneros, así como la empatía cognitiva en los chicos, son factores promotores. Conclusiones: Sería recomendable educar a los jóvenes en la netiqueta donde el uso moderado de la manifestación emocional en la red puede ser una estrategia eficaz para promoverla.

Adaptación transcultural del Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) para jóvenes mexicanos

Introducción: La violencia digital en las relaciones de pareja es un problema de salud pública que requiere de evaluaciones válidas y confiables. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue adaptar transculturalmente y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) para jóvenes mexicanos. Método: Participaron 1158 jóvenes de 18 a 24 años, 62.9 % fueron mujeres. En la fase de verificación de la equivalencia lingüística, se adecuaron cuatro palabras de la versión original en castellano. Resultados: Se encontraron índices de ajuste aceptables en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, además se encontró validez convergente y discriminante de los factores, excepto entre los factores de victimización y perpetración de Agresión Directa. Se encontró evidencia de validez divergente con la calidad de vida y convergente con comportamientos de riesgo. La fiabilidad total fue superior a .87. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que el CDAQ puede ser un cuestionario útil para evaluar el abuso digital en las relaciones de pareja en jóvenes mexicanos.

Introduction: Cyber dating abuse is a public health problem that requires valid and reliable evaluations. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) for Mexican youth. Method: 1158 young students from 18 to 24 years old participated, 62.9 % were women. In the verification of the linguistic equivalence phase, four words from the original version in Spanish were adapted. Results: Acceptable fit indices were found in the confirmatory factor analysis, in addition, convergent and discriminant validity of the factors was found, except between the factors of victimization and perpetration of Direct Aggression. Evidence of divergent validity was found with quality of life and convergence with risk behaviors. Total reliability was greater than .87. Conclusions: The findings suggest that CDAQ could be a useful questionnaire to assess cyber dating abuse among young Mexicans.

Literatura en Internet: del algoritmo a la poesía / Literature on the Internet: from algorithm to poetry

El encuentro de la literatura con el internet tuvo como resultado la creación de la ciberliteratura. Esta aparición trajo grandes novedades al mundo del libro, no solo porque amplió su elaboración, producción y alcance, sino porque también permitió la creación de plataformas digitales de lectura y escritura. Entre las páginas, la más destacada y representativa es Wattpad, una web con 94 millones de usuarios y cuna de los actuales best-sellers del mundo editorial. El presente artículo explora este fenómeno, permitiendo al lector un breve acercamiento al vasto y novedoso mundo de las plataformas literarias, incluyendo un relato breve de la autora sobre un tema especialmente sensible

When literature meets the Internet, it results in the creation of cyber-literature. This brings great novelties, not only because it expands the elaboration, production and scope of literature, but also because it allows the creation of digital platforms for reading and writing. Among the pages, the most representative is Wattpad, a website with 94 million users and the cradle of today's best sellers. This article explores this phenomenon, allowing the reader a brief glimpse into the vast new world of literary platforms, including a short story by the author on a particularly sensitive topic

Pattern Recognition of EMG Signals by Machine Learning for the Control of a Manipulator Robot.

Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) principles are for the development of interfaces for assistance or support systems in physiotherapy or rehabilitation processes. One of the main problems is the degree of customization when applying some rehabilitation therapy or when adapting an assistance system to the individual characteristics of the users. To solve this inconvenience, it is proposed to implement a database of surface Electromyography (sEMG) of a channel in healthy individuals for pattern recognition through Neural Networks of contraction in the muscular region of the biceps brachii. Each movement is labeled using the One-Hot Encoding technique, which activates a state machine to control the position of an anthropomorphic manipulator robot and validate the response time of the designed HMI. Preliminary results show that the learning curve decreases when customizing the interface. The developed system uses muscle contraction to direct the position of the end effector of a virtual robot. The classification of Electromyography (EMG) signals is obtained to generate trajectories in real time by designing a test platform in LabVIEW.

A Cyber-Physical Data Collection System Integrating Remote Sensing and Wireless Sensor Networks for Coffee Leaf Rust Diagnosis.

Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) is a fungal epidemic disease that has been affecting coffee trees around the world since the 1980s. The early diagnosis of CLR would contribute strategically to minimize the impact on the crops and, therefore, protect the farmers' profitability. In this research, a cyber-physical data-collection system was developed, by integrating Remote Sensing and Wireless Sensor Networks, to gather data, during the development of the CLR, on a test bench coffee-crop. The system is capable of automatically collecting, structuring, and locally and remotely storing reliable multi-type data from different field sensors, Red-Green-Blue (RGB) and multi-spectral cameras (RE and RGN). In addition, a data-visualization dashboard was implemented to monitor the data-collection routines in real-time. The operation of the data collection system allowed to create a three-month size dataset that can be used to train CLR diagnosis machine learning models. This result validates that the designed system can collect, store, and transfer reliable data of a test bench coffee-crop towards CLR diagnosis.

Telemedicina: desafíos para Chile a la luz de la experiencia de Estados Unidos durante la pandemia / Telemedicine: expected challenges in Chile based on the experience in the United States during the pandemic

Telemedicine has had a significant role during the outbreak of COVID-19. The experience in the United States has shown advantages and some challenges that need to be addressed to include telemedicine as an established part of the health system. This article aims to determine the United States' main challenges, associating them with the Chilean reality. In this study, we classify the barriers and difficulties for telemedicine into three areas: accessibility, cyber security, and medical liability.We argue that Chile will have to deal with similar obstacles to include telemedicine as a regular health service for the entire population.

Test Case Generation to Medical Cyber-Physical Systems: A Scoping Review / Geração de Casos de Teste para Sistemas Médicos Físico-Cibernéticos: Uma Revisão de Escopo / Generación de Casos de Prueba para Sistemas Médicos Físico-Cibernéticos: Una Revisión de Alcance

Objective: This article presents a Scoping Review (ScR) identify the approaches to automatically generate test cases from Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) models, more specifically, Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS) models. Method: ScR was performed by identifying indexed articles in five electronic databases using a specific search string and selection criteria, defined in a review protocol. Results: When protocol was executed, 467 studies were returned, from which 12 were summarized. Several formal and semi-formal notations used in CPS modeling were identified, as well as tools for generating test cases for such systems. Furthermore, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding automatic test case generation for such systems models. Conclusion: Based on the results, we conclude there is a research gap with regard to tools for the fully automatic test case generation in MCPS.

Objetivo: Este artigo apresenta uma Revisão de Escopo (RE) para identificar as abordagens para gerar automaticamente casos de testes a partir de modelos de Sistemas Físico-Cibernéticos (SFC), mais especificamente, Sistemas Médicos Físico-Cibernéticos (SMFC). Método: A RE foi realizada pela identificação de trabalhos indexados em cinco bases eletrônicas de dados usando termos de busca e critérios de inclusão, definidos em um protocolo de revisão. Resultados: Ao executar o protocolo foram retornados 467 estudos, dos quais sumarizaram-se 12. Foram identificadas várias notações formais e semi-formais usadas na modelagem de SFC, bem como ferramentas para gerar casos de teste para esses sistemas. Além disso, foi apresentada uma visão geral do estado da arte em relação à geração automática de casos de teste para esses modelos de sistemas. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que ainda há uma lacuna de pesquisa no que diz respeito às ferramentas para a geração totalmente automática de casos de teste para SMFC.

Objectivo: En este artículo se presenta una Revisión de Alcance (RA) para identificar los enfoques para generar automáticamente casos de prueba a partir de modelos de Sistemas Físico-Cibernéticos (SFC), más específicamente, Sistemas Médicos Físico-Cibernéticos (SMFC). Método: La RA se realizó mediante la identificación de artículos indexados en cinco bases de datos electrónicas utilizando términos de búsqueda y criterios de selección, definidos en un protocolo de revisión. Resultados: Al ejecutar el protocolo se devolvieron 467 estudios, de los cuales se resumieron 12. Se han identificado varias notaciones formales y semiformales utilizadas en el modelado de SFC y SMFC, así como herramientas para generar casos de prueba para estos sistemas. Además, se presentó una descripción general del estado del arte en relación a la generación automática de casos de prueba para estos modelos de sistema. Conclusión: Con base a los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que hay una brecha de investigación con respecto a las herramientas para la generación de casos de prueba totalmente automática en MCPS.

Risk and Protective Pathways to Peer Victimization from Infancy to Adolescence: Role of Fathers.

This study examined the developmental pathways from fathers' psychopathology in early childhood to child peer victimization (bullying and cyber victimization) in late adolescence via family relationships and early adolescent psychosocial functioning (anxiety, emotion regulation, social problems). A conceptual model with pathways through inter-parental aggression and fathers' parenting (harshness and sensitivity) was tested. Participants were 227 families (51% female children recruited as infants) who participated in a longitudinal study examining the role of parental alcohol problems and associated risks on developmental and family processes from infancy to late adolescence. Multi-method (observational, parent report, adolescent report) assessments of family processes and child outcomes were conducted across all time points. Fathers' alcohol problems and depressive symptoms in early childhood was prospectively associated with inter-parental aggression in middle childhood and social problems in early adolescence. For boys only, early adolescent social problems were predictive of bullying victimization. Fathers' antisocial behavior in early childhood was associated with less sensitive parenting in middle childhood. Fathers' sensitivity in middle childhood was protective, being associated with lower cyber victimization in late adolescence. Fathers' sensitivity was also associated with higher emotion regulation in early adolescence; however, counter to expectations, higher emotion regulation was associated with more bullying and cyber victimization. Findings shed light on differences in the etiological pathways to bullying and cyber victimization, as well as how distinct forms of paternal psychopathology in early childhood associate with family relationships, child adjustment, and vulnerability to peer victimization in late adolescence.

School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: A Guide in the Recognition of and Response to Teen Dating Violence in Your Schools.

Teen dating violence (TDV) has become more prevalent in our schools, exacerbated by the omnipotent presence of social media and portals of what dating and gender roles "should be" in Hollywood films and television shows. It is important to recognize that TDV is a threat to mental health, and potentially physical health, and school nurses should develop a framework for recognizing problematic social, physical, and emotional interactions between students. This article describes typical presentations of TDV through a case, providing a mnemonic for recognition and resources for prevention.

Cyber School Is a Marker of Youth with High-Risk Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the health characteristics of youth with diabetes in cyber school compared with peers with diabetes in traditional brick-and-mortar schools. STUDY DESIGN: This was a single-center cross-sectional study of youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in K-12 education during academic year 2017-2018. Youth enrolled in cyber school were matched with traditional school peers by age, sex, race, diagnosis, and diabetes duration. Comparisons included insurance status, hemoglobin A1c, treatment, coexisting conditions, screening, and healthcare use. RESULTS: Of 1694 participants, 5% (n = 87) were enrolled in cyber school. Youth enrolled in cyber school were predominantly white (89%), female (60%), adolescents (median 15.2 years) with type 1 diabetes (91%). Youth with type 2 diabetes were excluded from analyses owing to the small sample (n = 7). Public insurance was more common among youth enrolled in cyber school (P = .005). Youth in cyber school had higher mean hemoglobin A1c, 9.1 ± 1.8% (76 ± 20 mmol/mol) vs 8.3 ± 1.2% (67 ± 13 mmol/mol) (P = .003), lower insulin pump use (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.73), and more mental health conditions (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 1.94-10.35) compared with peers in traditional schools. Youth in cyber school were less likely to have recommended vision (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.75) and dental (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15-0.75) evaluations. The relationship between hemoglobin A1c and cyber school persisted after adjusting for insurance status, pump use, and mental health conditions (P = .02). Similar trends were observed for participants with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Youth with diabetes in cyber school may be a high-risk population. Understanding the potential impact of cyber school-related factors on health may encourage additional provider/system/school supports for these patients.

Scheduling in cloud manufacturing systems: Recent systematic literature review.

Cloud Manufacturing (CMFg) is a novel production paradigm that benefits from Cloud Computing in order to develop manufacturing systems linked by the cloud. These systems, based on virtual platforms, allow direct linkage between customers and suppliers of manufacturing services, regardless of geographical distance. In this way, CMfg can expand both markets for producers, and suppliers for customers. However, these linkages imply a new challenge for production planning and decision-making process, especially in Scheduling. In this paper, a systematic literature review of articles addressing scheduling in Cloud Manufacturing environments is carried out. The review takes as its starting point a seminal study published in 2019, in which all problem features are described in detail. We pay special attention to the optimization methods and problem-solving strategies that have been suggested in CMfg scheduling. From the review carried out, we can assert that CMfg is a topic of growing interest within the scientific community. We also conclude that the methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics are by far the most widely used (they represent more than 50% of the articles found). On the other hand, we suggest some lines for future research to further consolidate this field. In particular, we want to highlight the multi-objective approach, since due to the nature of the problem and the production paradigm, the optimization objectives involved are generally in conflict. In addition, decentralized approaches such as those based on game theory are promising lines for future research.

Error-Robust Distributed Denial of Service Attack Detection Based on an Average Common Feature Extraction Technique.

In recent years, advanced threats against Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, are increasing. Furthermore, traditional machine learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) often fail to efficiently detect such attacks when corrupted datasets are used for IDS training. To face these challenges, this paper proposes a novel error-robust multidimensional technique for DDoS attack detection. By applying the well-known Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD), initially, the average value of the common features among instances is filtered out from the dataset. Next, the filtered data are forwarded to machine learning classification algorithms in which traffic information is classified as a legitimate or a DDoS attack. In terms of results, the proposed scheme outperforms traditional low-rank approximation techniques, presenting an accuracy of 98.94%, detection rate of 97.70% and false alarm rate of 4.35% for a dataset corruption level of 30% with a random forest algorithm applied for classification. In addition, for error-free conditions, it is found that the proposed approach outperforms other related works, showing accuracy, detection rate and false alarm rate of 99.87%, 99.86% and 0.16%, respectively, for the gradient boosting classifier.