Cell proliferation in the central nervous system of an adult semiterrestrial crab.

Neurogenesis occurs in adults of most organisms, both vertebrates and invertebrates. In semiterrestrial crabs of the infraorder Brachyura, the deutocerebrum, where neurogenesis occurs, processes the olfactory sensory information from the antennae. The deutocerebrum is composed of a pair of olfactory lobes associated with cell clusters 9 and 10 (Cl 9 and Cl 10), containing proliferating cells. Because the location of the neurogenic niche in brachyuran semiterrestrial crabs has not been defined, here we describe a neurogenic niche in the central olfactory system of the crab Ucides cordatus and report two types of glial cells in the deutocerebrum, based on different markers. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) labeling was used to reveal neuroanatomical aspects of the central olfactory system and the neurogenic niche. The results showed a zone of proliferating neural cells within Cl 10, which also contains III beta-tubulin (Tuj1)+ immature neurons, associated with a structure that has characteristics of the neurogenic niche. For the first time, using two glial markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS), we identified two types of astrocyte-like cells in different regions of the deutocerebrum. This study adds to the understanding of neurogenesis in a brachyuran semiterrestrial crustacean and encourages comparative studies between crustaceans and vertebrates, including mammals, based on shared aspects of both mechanisms of neurogenesis and regenerative potentials.

A remarkable burrow-dwelling alpheid shrimp, new genus and new species, from the tropical eastern Pacific (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea).

A new alpheid shrimp genus, Pachelpheus gen. nov., is established to accommodate Pachelpheus pachyacanthus sp. nov., described based on two specimens from the Las Perlas Archipelago, Pacific coast of Panama. Pachelpheus pachyacanthus sp. nov. appears to be an obligate symbiont dwelling in burrows of yet unknown infaunal hosts, on shallow near-shore subtidal sand flats. The main morphological characters of Pachelpheus gen. nov. are: (1) frontal margin of carapace with broadly rounded rostral projection, without orbital teeth; (2) sixth pleonite with articulated plate; (3) telson with two pairs of cuspidate setae dorsally, without anal tubercles; (4) eyes concealed in dorsal view, partly visible in lateral view; (5) chelipeds equal in size, symmetrical in shape, moderately enlarged, stout, carried extended; (6) cheliped carpus without rows of setae mesially; (7) cheliped fingers without snapping mechanism, each finger armed with one stout tooth; (8) second pereiopod carpus with five sub-articles; (9) third, fourth and fifth pereiopods with ischia armed with single robust cuspidate seta, meri armed with one to several unusually robust cuspidate setae; (10) second pleopod with appendix masculina in males only; (11) uropodal exopod and endopod with rows of slender spiniform setae on their distal margins; (12) uropodal diaeresis unusually thickened laterally, with two very stout spiniform setae; and (13) lateral lobe of the uropodal protopod rounded. The new genus appears to be morphologically most similar to Jengalpheops Anker Dworschak, 2007 and Leslibetaeus Anker, Poddoubtchenko Wehrtmann, 2006.

On three symbiotic species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 from the Indo-West Pacific, including one new to science (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea).

Three species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 associated with burrows of other decapod crustaceans are reported from various Indo-West Pacific localities. Salmoneus venustus sp. nov. is described based on material collected at two distant localities, Nha Trang Bay, southern Vietnam, the type locality of the new species, and the Yiti-Sifah region east of Muscat, northern Oman. Both specimens were collected with the aid of a suction pump applied to burrow entrances or mounds in muddy sand; the holotype was possibly associated with burrows of the callianassid ghost shrimp, Glypturus sp. Salmoneus venustus sp. nov. shares many characteristics with S. latirostris (Coutière, 1897), including the red banding of the pleon, but can be distinguished from S. latirostris and all other species of the genus by a unique combination of morphological characters. The large-sized Salmoneus brucei Komai, 2009 is reported from Sumba, central Indonesia, representing a significant southward extension of the species' previously known distribution range and the first record since its original description. The callianassid ghost shrimp Lepidophthalmus cf. rosae (Nobili, 1904) is recorded as a new host of S. brucei. Finally, Salmoneus colinorum De Grave, 2004, associated with burrows of larger snapping shrimps from the Alpheus malabaricus Fabricius, 1798 species complex, is reported for the first time from Madang, Papua New Guinea, representing an eastward extension of the species' previously known distribution range.

Lysmata arvoredensis nov. sp. a new species of shrimp from the south coast of Brazil with a key to species of Lysmata (Caridea: Lysmatidae) recorded in the southwestern Atlantic.

Lysmata arvoredensis sp. nov. inhabits temperate waters in the south coast of Brazil and is named in tribute to the Marine Protected Area REBIO Arvoredo. This is the fourth species belonging to the genus Lysmata recorded for the region and the ninth for Brazil. L. arvoredensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Lysmata by the presence of a nearly completely fused accessory branch with a single free unguiform segment on the outer antennular flagellum; a rostrum with seven dorsal (2+5) and three ventral teeth; a stylocerite with a pointed tip bearing mesial setae; a second pereiopod with 22-24 carpal subsegments and 14-16 subsegments in the merus; a merus of the third pereiopod with five ventrolateral and 12 ventral spines on the propodus; and its color pattern, with red bands and patches in pleonites 2-3 that resemble a mask in dorsal view. Molecular characters demonstrate that L. arvoredensis sp. nov. is most closely related to other species of Lysmata belonging to the Neotropical and Cleaner clades. To support future ecological studies in the region, identification keys to the species of Lysmata recorded in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean are provided.

Checklist of species of Stratiodrilus Haswell, 1900 (Annelida: Histriobdellidae), and new host records from Southern Brazil.

Species of Stratiodrilus are ectocommensals of freshwater decapod crustaceans, and the genus is also the most speciose within the family Histriobdellidae. However, a global review of the species of Stratiodrilus and their hosts has not been performed in nearly two decades. Based new field collections in Brazil and a literature search, we present a list of Stratiodrilus species and their hosts. We searched for host and occurrence records in papers of species descriptions, review papers and specialized databases. Forty-one host records were summarized worldwide. All host taxa were freshwater decapod crustaceans belonging to Aegla, Astacoides, Astacopsis, Cherax, Parastacus, Samastacus, and Trichodactylus. In addition, we report four new host records for Stratiodrilus circensis, and found Aegla lata as the northernmost host record for this polychaete species. Stratiodrilus circensis also had the largest number of different host species. The greatest species richness of Stratiodrilus is found in the Neotropical region, although members of this genus are also found in Australia and Madagascar associated with crayfishes. Aegla was the most reported host genus associated with species of Stratiodrilus. We provide an updated list to the known species of Stratiodrilus and also discuss the distribution of these histriobdellids.

First record of Naushonia sp. (Decapoda: Laomediidae) larva from the Equatorial Atlantic.

The first zoeal-stage larva of a possibly new species of mud shrimp Naushonia (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Laomediidae) was described from plankton samples taken off the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, being the first occurrence at the oceanic islands of the Equatorial Atlantic. Five zoea I larvae were obtained and dissected for observation of mouthparts. This zoea I of Naushonia sp. is well distinguished from the first larvae of N. portoricensis (Rathbun 1901) from the Caribbean and N. cangronoides (Kingsley 1897) from the Northwest Atlantic in terms of development and setation of appendages, and possibly belongs to a new, undescribed species. The present study widens the knowledge on tropical oceanic decapod larvae and provides detailed drawings and new photographic illustrations with extended depth of field of these organisms.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Solenoceridae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Argentine red shrimp, Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) was determined using the MiSeq platform. Its mitogenome (16,189 bp) encoded the canonical 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes. Start codons of all protein-coding genes were ATN except for ATP8, while incomplete stop codons (T-) were identified in six genes including COXI, COXII, COXIII, NAD3, NAD5, and NAD6. The mitogenome of P. muelleri showed highest sequence identity with Parapenaeopsis hardwickii (82%) and Solenocera crassicornis (81%). Phylogenetic analysis showed three shrimps in Solenoceridae including P. muelleri were grouped together from those in Penaeidae, which suggests taxonomic reexamination for those in those family.

A new deep-water species of Alpheopsis Coutière, 1897 from the Indo-West Pacific (Decapoda: Alpheidae).

Alpheopsis keijii sp. nov. is described on the basis of material collected between 90 and 487 m in Japan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Réunion Island. The new species belongs to the A. trispinosa species group and is morphologically closest to A. trispinosa (Stimpson, 1860), A. garricki Yaldwyn, 1971, A. shearmii (Alcock & Anderson, 1899), and especially A. africana Holthuis, 1952. Field data indicates that A. keijii sp. nov. may be associated with deep-water sponge grounds. A provisional key to the currently known species of the A. trispinosa group is provided.

New evidence on an old question: is the "fight or flight" stage present in the cardiac and respiratory regulation of decapod crustaceans?

The ability to stay alert to subtle changes in the environment and to freeze, fight or flight in the presence of predators requires integrating sensory information as well as triggering motor output to target tissues, both of which are associated with the autonomic nervous system. These reactions, which are commonly related to vertebrates, are the fundamental physiological responses that allow an animal to survive danger. The circulatory activity in vertebrates changes in opposite phases. The stage where circulatory activity is high is termed the "fight or flight stage", while the stage where circulatory activity slows down is termed the "rest and digest stage". It may be assumed that highly evolved invertebrates possess a comparable response system as they also require rapid cardiovascular and respiratory regulation to be primed when necessary. However, in invertebrates, the body plan may have developed such a system very differently. Since this topic is insufficiently studied, it is necessary to extend studies for a comparative analysis. In the present review, we use our own experimental results obtained in the crab Neohelice granulata and both older and newer findings obtained by other authors in decapod crustaceans as well as in other invertebrates, to compare the pattern of change in circulatory activity, especially in the "fight or flight" stage. We conclude that the main features of neuroautonomic regulation of the cardiac function were already present early in evolution, at least in highly evolved invertebrates, although conspicuous differences are also evident.

Biologia reprodutiva do siri-azul Callinectes sapidus no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil / Reproductive biology of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus on the Patos Lagoon Estuary, RS, Brazil

In this study the reproductive state and the gonad relations of Callinectes sapidus were determinated on the estuary and oceanic adjacent area on the Patos Lagoon, RS, Brazil, from catch per unit of effort and fecundity data. Monthly samples were collected from April of 2008 to April of 2010. The size of carapace at first maturation (LC50) of the blue crab was estimated in 108 mm for males and 115 mm for females. There was an increase in the gonadosomatic relation during winter months, and a decrease during summer months. The gonad relation allows inferring that the copula and gonad development is delimited between winter and spring. Through the analysis of the proportion of gonad development stage, the majority of the females from the beginning of winter presented immature gonad, whereas in the summer, the majority of analyzed females had gonad in rest, indicating recent spawning. The species presents a well marked seasonal reproduction for the estuary, with males maturing at a smaller size than females. In the reproductive season of 2008, there was a balance between the sex ratio, which was not repeated in the 2009 season. It is possible that such phenomenon occurs due to the high volume of rainfall recorded during that period, causing migration of females to higher salinities for spawning. Callinectes sapidus is sensitive to environmental alterations, and longer periods of rainfall combined with other factors like low salinity and temperature can endanger future breeds.

Foi observado o estado reprodutivo e definidas as relações gonadais de Callinectes sapidus no estuário e área oceânica adjacente da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, a partir de dados de captura por unidade de esforço e fecundidade. Foram realizadas coletas mensais entre abril de 2008 e abril de 2010. O tamanho de primeira maturação (LC50) do siri-azul foi estimado em 108 mm de largura de carapaça para machos e 115 mm para fêmeas. Houve um aumento na relação gonadossomática durante os meses de inverno e uma diminuição durante os meses de verão. A relação gonadal permite inferir que o período de cópula e desenvolvimento gonadal está delimitado entre o inverno e a primavera. Pela proporção dos estádios de desenvolvimento das gônadas no início do inverno, a maior parte das fêmeas apresentou gônadas imaturas, enquanto que no verão, a maioria das fêmeas analisadas possuía gônada em repouso, indicando desova recente. A espécie apresenta reprodução sazonal bem marcada para o estuário, com machos maturando com tamanho menor do que as fêmeas. Na temporada reprodutiva de 2008 notou-se um equilíbrio entre o número de machos e fêmeas no interior do estuário, o que não se repetiu na temporada de 2009, talvez pelo alto volume de chuvas registrado neste período, que pode ter causado a migração de fêmeas em busca de salinidades mais elevadas para desova. Callinectes sapidus é sensível a alterações ambientais, e prolongados períodos de chuva, combinados com outros fatores ambientais comodiminuição de salinidade, podem comprometer o estoque.

Biologia reprodutiva do siri-azul Callinectes sapidus no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil / Reproductive biology of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus on the Patos Lagoon Estuary, RS, Brazil

In this study the reproductive state and the gonad relations of Callinectes sapidus were determinated on the estuary and oceanic adjacent area on the Patos Lagoon, RS, Brazil, from catch per unit of effort and fecundity data. Monthly samples were collected from April of 2008 to April of 2010. The size of carapace at first maturation (LC50) of the blue crab was estimated in 108 mm for males and 115 mm for females. There was an increase in the gonadosomatic relation during winter months, and a decrease during summer months. The gonad relation allows inferring that the copula and gonad development is delimited between winter and spring. Through the analysis of the proportion of gonad development stage, the majority of the females from the beginning of winter presented immature gonad, whereas in the summer, the majority of analyzed females had gonad in rest, indicating recent spawning. The species presents a well marked seasonal reproduction for the estuary, with males maturing at a smaller size than females. In the reproductive season of 2008, there was a balance between the sex ratio, which was not repeated in the 2009 season. It is possible that such phenomenon occurs due to the high volume of rainfall recorded during that period, causing migration of females to higher salinities for spawning. Callinectes sapidus is sensitive to environmental alterations, and longer periods of rainfall combined with other factors like low salinity and temperature can endanger future breeds.(AU)

Foi observado o estado reprodutivo e definidas as relações gonadais de Callinectes sapidus no estuário e área oceânica adjacente da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, a partir de dados de captura por unidade de esforço e fecundidade. Foram realizadas coletas mensais entre abril de 2008 e abril de 2010. O tamanho de primeira maturação (LC50) do siri-azul foi estimado em 108 mm de largura de carapaça para machos e 115 mm para fêmeas. Houve um aumento na relação gonadossomática durante os meses de inverno e uma diminuição durante os meses de verão. A relação gonadal permite inferir que o período de cópula e desenvolvimento gonadal está delimitado entre o inverno e a primavera. Pela proporção dos estádios de desenvolvimento das gônadas no início do inverno, a maior parte das fêmeas apresentou gônadas imaturas, enquanto que no verão, a maioria das fêmeas analisadas possuía gônada em repouso, indicando desova recente. A espécie apresenta reprodução sazonal bem marcada para o estuário, com machos maturando com tamanho menor do que as fêmeas. Na temporada reprodutiva de 2008 notou-se um equilíbrio entre o número de machos e fêmeas no interior do estuário, o que não se repetiu na temporada de 2009, talvez pelo alto volume de chuvas registrado neste período, que pode ter causado a migração de fêmeas em busca de salinidades mais elevadas para desova. Callinectes sapidus é sensível a alterações ambientais, e prolongados períodos de chuva, combinados com outros fatores ambientais comodiminuição de salinidade, podem comprometer o estoque.(AU)

Comparative morphology of the first zoea of twelve brachyuran species (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Amazon region

The laboratory-hatched first zoeal stage of twelve brachyuran species collected in the estuarine area of the Caeté River in the Amazonian region are described and illustrated in the present study: P. americanus Saussure, 1857, Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818), Sesarma curacaoense De Man, 1892, S. rectum Randall, 1840, Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897), Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787), Uca rapax (Smith, 1870), U. maracoani (Latreille, 1802), U. thayeri Rathbun, 1900, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) and Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1858). Through intraspecific comparisons of the respective larval stage, an identification key was generated and provided. Most of the studied species presented morphological differences (e.g. type and presence or absence of setae) when compared to the same species previously described in the literature.

Comparative morphology of the first zoea of twelve brachyuran species (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Amazon region

The laboratory-hatched first zoeal stage of twelve brachyuran species collected in the estuarine area of the Caeté River in the Amazonian region are described and illustrated in the present study: P. americanus Saussure, 1857, Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818), Sesarma curacaoense De Man, 1892, S. rectum Randall, 1840, Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897), Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787), Uca rapax (Smith, 1870), U. maracoani (Latreille, 1802), U. thayeri Rathbun, 1900, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) and Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1858). Through intraspecific comparisons of the respective larval stage, an identification key was generated and provided. Most of the studied species presented morphological differences (e.g. type and presence or absence of setae) when compared to the same species previously described in the literature.

Comparative morphology of the first zoea of twelve brachyuran species (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Amazon region

The laboratory-hatched first zoeal stage of twelve brachyuran species collected in the estuarine area of the Caeté River in the Amazonian region are described and illustrated in the present study: P. americanus Saussure, 1857, Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818), Sesarma curacaoense De Man, 1892, S. rectum Randall, 1840, Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897), Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787), Uca rapax (Smith, 1870), U. maracoani (Latreille, 1802), U. thayeri Rathbun, 1900, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) and Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1858). Through intraspecific comparisons of the respective larval stage, an identification key was generated and provided. Most of the studied species presented morphological differences (e.g. type and presence or absence of setae) when compared to the same species previously described in the literature.

New altitudinal record of Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Latreille, 1828) (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) in Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i3.785 / Novo registro altitudinal de Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Latreille, 1828) (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) no Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i3.785

Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Latreille, 1828) (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) is a crab species that lives in mountainous rivers and streams at altitudes up to 500m. Its distribution ranges from South America from the Basins of eastern coast of Brazil to basins of the Upper Paraná River and Argentina. The main objective of this study was to register a new occurrence of T. fluviatilis at a Conservation Unit in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais and provide a new altitudinal record for this species in Brazil. The samples were taken between October 2004 and July 2005. We collected three live T. fluviatilis individuals two males and one female. We also analyzed the stomach contents of 16 Hydromedusa maximiliani specimens, of which in six were found Trichodactylidae crab body parts. Most species of Brazilian Trichodactylidae live at elevations until to 500m above sea level. In this study, T. fluviatilis was collected at elevation of 770m above sea level, expanding the range of altitudinal distribution of this species in Brazil. Prior to this study, there were no reports of T. fluviatilis in Juiz de Fora; therefore this study is a new record of this trichodatcylid in Minas Gerais State.

Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Latreille, 1828) (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) é uma espécie de caranguejo que habita rios e riachos montanhosos em altitudes até aproximadamente 500 m. Sua distribuição ocorre na América do Sul, desde as bacias costeiras da faixa leste do Brasil até a bacia do alto Paraná e na Argentina. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi registrar a ocorrência de T. fluviatilis em uma Unidade de Conservação de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, e fornecer um novo registro altitudinal dessa espécie no Brasil. As amostras foram obtidas de outubro de 2004 a julho de 2005. Foram coletados três indivíduos vivos, dois machos e uma fêmea da espécie. Também foram analisados 16 regurgitos estomacais do cágado Hydromedusa maximiliani, dos quais, em seis foram encontrados partes corporais deste crustáceo. Muitas espécies de caranguejos do Brasil da família Trichodactylidae vivem em regiões acima de 500m do nível do mar. No presente estudo, T. fluviatilis foi coletado a 770 m de altitude, ampliando assim a faixa de distribuição altitudinal dessa espécie no Brasil. Até o presente estudo não existiam relatos de T. fluviatilis no município de Juiz de Fora, portanto este estudo também se constitui em um novo registro desse tricodatilídeo em Minas Gerais.

New altitudinal record of Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Latreille, 1828) (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) in Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i3.785 / Novo registro altitudinal de Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Latreille, 1828) (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) no Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i3.785

Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Latreille, 1828) (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) is a crab species that lives in mountainous rivers and streams at altitudes up to 500m. Its distribution ranges from South America from the Basins of eastern coast of Brazil to basins of the Upper Paraná River and Argentina. The main objective of this study was to register a new occurrence of T. fluviatilis at a Conservation Unit in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais and provide a new altitudinal record for this species in Brazil. The samples were taken between October 2004 and July 2005. We collected three live T. fluviatilis individuals two males and one female. We also analyzed the stomach contents of 16 Hydromedusa maximiliani specimens, of which in six were found Trichodactylidae crab body parts. Most species of Brazilian Trichodactylidae live at elevations until to 500m above sea level. In this study, T. fluviatilis was collected at elevation of 770m above sea level, expanding the range of altitudinal distribution of this species in Brazil. Prior to this study, there were no reports of T. fluviatilis in Juiz de Fora; therefore this study is a new record of this trichodatcylid in Minas Gerais State.

Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Latreille, 1828) (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) é uma espécie de caranguejo que habita rios e riachos montanhosos em altitudes até aproximadamente 500 m. Sua distribuição ocorre na América do Sul, desde as bacias costeiras da faixa leste do Brasil até a bacia do alto Paraná e na Argentina. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi registrar a ocorrência de T. fluviatilis em uma Unidade de Conservação de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, e fornecer um novo registro altitudinal dessa espécie no Brasil. As amostras foram obtidas de outubro de 2004 a julho de 2005. Foram coletados três indivíduos vivos, dois machos e uma fêmea da espécie. Também foram analisados 16 regurgitos estomacais do cágado Hydromedusa maximiliani, dos quais, em seis foram encontrados partes corporais deste crustáceo. Muitas espécies de caranguejos do Brasil da família Trichodactylidae vivem em regiões acima de 500m do nível do mar. No presente estudo, T. fluviatilis foi coletado a 770 m de altitude, ampliando assim a faixa de distribuição altitudinal dessa espécie no Brasil. Até o presente estudo não existiam relatos de T. fluviatilis no município de Juiz de Fora, portanto este estudo também se constitui em um novo registro desse tricodatilídeo em Minas Gerais.

Decapod crustaceans used as food by the Yanomami Indians of the Balawa-ú village, State of Amazonas, Brazil

The Yanomami are a group of South American Indians that live in the rainforest along the borderlands of Brazil and Venezuela. They depend on hunting, gardening and wild food for survival; crustaceans are a highly prized food item in their diet. Taxonomical and ethnozoological aspects of the Yanomami Indians of the Balawa-ú village, state of Amazonas, Brazil, related to the crustaceans are described. Information and specimens were obtained from August to December, 2003. Interviews were conducted with residents of the village and focused on questions about species exploited, indigenous names, modes of capture and use of the species. One shrimp species of the family Palaemonidae (Macrobrachium brasiliense) and two crab species of Trichodactylidae (Sylviocarcinus pictus, Valdivia serrata) as well as two of Pseudothelphusidae (Fredius fittkaui, F. platyacanthus) were recorded. The indigenous names applied to these species are: shuhu, for shrimp, oko and peimatherimi for each of the two pseudothelphusid crabs, and hesiki tôtôrema for both trichodactylid crabs.

Os Yanomami são um grupo de índios que habitam a floresta tropical úmida ao longo da fronteira entre Brasil e Venezuela. Eles dependem da caça, da agricultura e da coleta de produtos da floresta para a sua sobrevivência, sendo os crustáceos um dos itens alimentares mais apreciados. São descritos aspectos taxonômicos e etnozoológicos dos índios Yanomami da aldeia de Balawa-ú, no estado do Amazonas, Brasil, relacionados aos crustáceos. Informações e espécimes foram coletados de agosto a dezembro de 2003. Foram realizadas entrevistas com habitantes da aldeia com enfoque nas espécies exploradas, nomes indígenas, modos de captura e utilização. Foram registradas uma espécie de camarão da família Palaemonidae (Macrobrachium brasiliense), duas espécies de caranguejos da família Trichodactylidae (Sylviocarcinus pictus, Valdivia serrata) e duas da família Pseudothelphusidae (Fredius fittkaui, F. platyacanthus). Os nomes indígenas usados para elas são: shuhu, para o camarão, oko e peimatherimi para cada um dos caranguejos pseudotelfusídeos, e hesiki tôtôrema para ambas as espécies de caranguejos tricodactilídeos.