Reflexiones iniciales: renovación de la política pública distrital de comunicación comunitaria en bogotá

Este texto expone una reflexión académica sobre el proceso de renovación de la política pública de comunitaria en Bogotá (Colombia) realizada durante 2020 y 2022. Inicialmente, se presentan las consideraciones conceptuales sobre las cuales se cimienta el trabajo en relación con las políticas de comunicación, la comunicación comunitaria y el problemático cruce entre estos conceptos. Luego, intenta describir y analizar las tensiones originadas en el interior de la Mesa Distrital de Comunicación Comunitaria en el marco de la fase preparatoria de la política pública. Y finalmente se sugieren algunas ideas o desafíos producto de la experiencia, que bien podrían ser asumidos en las futuras etapas del proyecto político. Entre ellas cabe destacar la urgente necesidad de redefinir la comunicación comunitaria, a partir de las prácticas ejercidas por los medios comunitarios y el actual momento histórico, porque solo así sería posible identificar el carácter de la comunicación y el sentido de la política pública en el actual proceso de reconstrucción.

Summary This text aims to present an academic reflection on the process of renewal of the public community policy in Bogota - Colombia, which will be carried out between 2020 and 2023. Initially, it presents the conceptual considerations on which the work is based in relation to communication policies, community communication, and the problematic crossover between these concepts. Then, it attempts to describe and analyze the tensions originated within the Mesa Distrital de Comunicación Comunitaria, in the framework of the preparatory phase of the public policy. And, finally, it suggests some ideas or challenges resulting from the experience, which could well be assumed in the future stages of the political project. Among them, it is worth highlighting the urgent need to redefine community communication, based on the practices exercised by community media and the current historical moment, because, only in this way, it would be possible to identify the character of communication and the meaning of public policy in the current reconstruction process.

Geographical Health District and Distance Traveled Influence on Clinical Status at Admission of Patients with Gestational Trophoblastic Disease / A influência do distrito de saúde e da distância viajada sobre o estado clínico na apresentação de pacientes com doença trofoblástica gestacional

Abstract Objective To assess the potential relationship of clinical status upon admission and distance traveled from geographical health district in women with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Methods This is a cross-sectional study including women with GTD from the 17 health districts from the São Paulo state (I-XVII), Brazil, referred to the Botucatu Trophoblastic Disease Center (specialized center, district VI), between 1990 and 2018. At admission, hydatidiform mole was assessed according to the risk score system of Berkowitz et al. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia was evaluated using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics / World Health Organization (FIGO/WHO) staging/risk score. Data on demographics, clinical status and distance traveled were collected. Multiple regression analyses were performed. Results This study included 366 women (335 hydatidiform mole, 31 gestational trophoblastic neoplasia). The clinical status at admission and distance traveled significantly differed between the specialized center district and other districts. Patients referred from health districts IX (β = 2.38 [0.87-3.88], p = 0.002) and XVI (β = 0.78 [0.02-1.55], p = 0.045) had higher hydatidiform mole scores than those from the specialized center district. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients from district XVI showed a 3.32 increase in FIGO risk scores compared with those from the specialized center area (β = 3.32, 95% CI = 0.78-5.87, p = 0.010). Distance traveled by patients from districts IX (200km) and XVI (203.5km) was significantly longer than that traveled by patients from the specialized center district (76km). Conclusion Patients from health districts outside the specialized center area had higher risk scores for both hydatidiform mole and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at admission. Long distances (>80 km) seemed to adversely influence gestational trophoblastic disease clinical status at admission, indicating barriers to accessing specialized centers.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a possível relação entre estado clínico na apresentação e distância percorrida a partir do distrito de saúde em mulheres com doença trofoblástica gestacional. Métodos Estudo transversal incluindo mulheres com doença trofoblástica gestacional dos 17 distritos de saúde do estado de São Paulo (I-XVII), Brasil, encaminhadas ao Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas de Botucatu (distrito VI), entre 1990 e 2018. Na admissão, avaliaram-se mola hidatiforme pelo sistema de pontuação de risco de Berkowitz et al. e neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional pelo escore de risco/estadiamento Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / Organização Mundial da Saúde (FIGO/OMS). Coletaram-se dados demográficos, clínicos e distância percorrida e análises de regressão múltipla foram realizadas. Resultados Este estudo incluiu 366 mulheres (335 mola hidatiforme, 31 neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional). O estado clínico na apresentação e distância percorrida diferiram significativamente entre o centro especializado e demais distritos. Nas pacientes encaminhadas pelos distritos IX (β = 2,38 [0,87-3,88], p = 0,002) e XVI (β = 0,78 [0,02-1,55], p = 0,045), os escores de mola hidatiforme foram maiores que no centro especializado. As pacientes com neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional do distrito XVI apresentaram escores FIGO 3,32 vezes maior que no centro especializado (β = 3,32, 95% CI = 0,78-5,87, p = 0,010). A distância percorrida pelas pacientes dos distritos IX (200km) e XVI (203,5km) foi significativamente maior do que a percorrida pelas pacientes do centro especializado (76km). Conclusão Pacientes de distritos de saúde fora da cobertura do centro especializado apresentaram escores de risco mais alto para mola hidatiforme e para neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional na admissão. Longas distâncias (>80 km) pareceram influenciar negativamente o estado clínico da doença trofoblástica gestacional na apresentação, indicando barreiras no acesso a centros especializados.

Financiamento do esporte no distrito federal: fontes, magnitude e direcionamento dos gastos de 2009 a 2019 / Sports funding in the federal district: sources, magnitude and directions of expenditure from 2009 to 2019 / Financiamiento del deporte en el distrito federal: fuentes, magnitud y destino del gasto de 2009 a 2019

Resumo O financiamento público vem ganhando destaque nos estudos das políticas públicas esportivas, pois permite visualizar de forma mais transparente onde e como são alocados os recursos públicos para o setor. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o financiamento das políticas públicas de esporte do Distrito Federal (DF), a partir de matriz e proposta metodológica que possibilitam o levantamento e sistematização de dados referentes à identificação das fontes, magnitude e direcionamento dos gastos públicos orçamentários com o esporte de 2009 a 2019. A pesquisa apontou: (i) falta de legislação efetiva para garantia dos recursos esportivos; (ii) centralidade da execução do orçamento pela Secretaria de Esporte do Distrito Federal; (iii) elevado gasto com a construção do Estádio Nacional de Brasília; e, (iv) hierarquização dos gastos esportivos nos programas oferecidos, com priorização aos Centros Olímpicos e Paralímpicos, ação com gestão terceirizada, além de capilaridade e abrangência reduzidas.

Abstract Public funding has been gaining prominence in studies of sports public policies as it provides a more transparent view of where and how public resources are allocated to the sector. This article aims to analyze the financing of public policies for sports in the Federal District (FD), based on a matrix and methodological proposal that allows the survey and systematization of data referring to the identification of sources, magnitude, and direction of public budget expenditure on sports from 2009 to 2019. The research points out: (i) the lack of effective legislation to guarantee sports resources; (ii) the centrality of budget execution by the Secretariat of Sports of the Federal District; (iii) high expenses with the construction of the Brasília National Stadium; and (iv) the prioritization of sports spending in the offered programs, with priority given to the Olympic and Paralympic Centers, outsourced management, in addition to reduced capillarity and scope.

Resumen La financiación pública ha ido cobrando protagonismo en los estudios de políticas públicas deportivas, ya que permite tener una visión más transparente de dónde y cómo se asignan los recursos públicos al sector. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar del financiamiento de las políticas públicas deportivas en el Distrito Federal (DF), a partir de una propuesta matricial y metodológica que permite recolectar y sistematizar datos referentes a la identificación de fuentes, magnitud y dirección del gasto público presupuestario en deportes, de 2009 a 2019. La investigación señaló: (i) la falta de una legislación efectiva para garantizar los recursos deportivos; (ii) la centralidad de la ejecución presupuestaria por parte de la Secretaría de Deportes del Distrito Federal; (iii) altos gastos con la construcción del Estadio Nacional de Brasilia; y (iv) la priorización del gasto deportivo en los programas ofrecidos, con prioridad en los Centros Olímpicos y Paralímpicos, gestión externalizada, además de capilaridad y alcance reducidos.

Planejamento e gestão do processo de trabalho em saúde: avanços e limites no Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena do SUS / Planning and management of the health work process: advances and limits in the SUS-Indigenous Health Care Subsystem

Resumo O Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena (SasiSUS), como parte do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), é responsável pela atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas do Brasil. Em âmbito local, são os Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas (DSEI) os responsáveis pela gestão, planejamento e organização do processo de trabalho das equipes multidisciplinares de saúde indígena (EMSI), que realizam a atenção primária à saúde para essa população. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como ocorrem o planejamento e a gestão do processo de trabalho das EMSI. Foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos holístico, considerando sete DSEI como unidades de análise. A principal fonte de dados utilizada foi a entrevista e, de forma complementar, a observação direta. Os resultados indicaram que, de forma geral, o planejamento está presente na organização do processo de trabalho das equipes, com variações entre os DSEI. A efetivação das ações planejadas foi relacionada à disponibilidade de diferentes recursos: funcionamento adequado do sistema de informação e a articulação intra e intersetorial do SasiSUS. Como conclusão, apontou-se a necessidade de radicalização da participação no planejamento e na gestão, necessária a uma ação coordenada para garantia da atenção diferenciada e dos princípios do SUS.

Abstract The Indigenous Health Care Subsystem (SasiSUS), as part of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), is responsible for health care for indigenous peoples in Brazil. At the local level, the Special Indigenous Health Districts (DSEI) are responsible for managing, planning, and organizing the work process of the multidisciplinary indigenous health teams (EMSI), which provide primary health care for this population. The objective of the study was to analyze how the planning and the management of the EMSI work process occurs. A holistic multiple-case study was carried out, considering seven DSEI as units of analysis. The main source of data used were interviews and, in a complementary way, direct observation. The results indicated that, in general, planning is present in the organization of the teams' work process, with variations between the DSEI. Carrying out the planned actions was related to the availability of different resources: adequate functioning of the information system and the intra and intersectoral articulation of SasiSUS. As a conclusion, the need to radicalize participation in planning and management, necessary for a coordinated action to guarantee differentiated care and the principles of SUS, was pointed out.

Land use and land cover modification and its impact on biodiversity and the ecosystem services in District Kurram, Pakistan / Uso del suelo y modificación de la cobertura terrestre y su impacto en la biodiversidad y los servicios de los ecosistemas en el distrito de Kurram, Pakistán

Modifications of land use and vegetation cover are proceeding faster than ever before in human history, with a considerable reduction in forest cover in biodiversity hotspots. We investigated the land use and vegetation cover changes, their impact on biodiversity in the Kurram District, Pakistan, for 27 years (1989 to 2015). Temporal satellite imagery was processed using a supervised maximum likelihood classification algorithm in ARCGIS 10.1 to elucidate information regarding land use/land cover changes,with conducted structured interviews to obtain the inhabitants' perspectives on their dependence on ecosystems in Kurram, and how their environment is changing. We found that the land under forest cover and rangeland showed a remarkable decrease over the study period. This decline in rangeland and forest cover was a result of the increased of farmland, barren land. The study area is part of a biodiversity, with important medicinal, rare and unique plant species.

Las modificaciones del uso de la tierra y la cobertura vegetal están avanzando más rápido que nunca en la historia de la humanidad, con una reducción considerable de la cobertura forestal en los puntos críticos de biodiversidad. Investigamos el uso de la tierra y los cambios en la cobertura vegetal, su impacto en la biodiversidad en el distrito de Kurram, Pakistán, durante 27 años (1989 a 2015). Las imágenes satelitales temporales se procesaron utilizando un algoritmo de clasificación de máxima verosimilitud supervisada en ARCGIS 10.1 para dilucidar información sobre los cambios en el uso del suelo/cobertura del suelo, con entrevistas estructuradas realizadas para obtener las perspectivas de los habitantes sobre su dependencia de los ecosistemas en Kurram y cómo está cambiando su entorno. Descubrimos que la tierra cubierta por bosques y pastizales mostró una disminución notable durante el período de estudio. Esta disminución en los pastizales y la cubierta forestal fue el resultado del aumento de las tierras de cultivo, tierras estériles. El área de estudio es parte de una biodiversidad, con importantes especies de plantas medicinales, raras y únicas.

Wild fauna received by the Wild Animal Screening Centre and referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Brasília / Fauna silvestre recebida pelo Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres e encaminhada para o hospital veterinário da Universidade de Brasília

The aim of this work was to analyze records from two institutions that work with wild animals throughout 2018. Data were obtained from the animals received by the Wild Animal Screening Centre of Federal District (CETAS-DF), Brazil, referring to the type of admission and destination, species, as well as animals that required veterinary care and were referred to the Wild Animal Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Brasilia (HVet-UnB) with description of the main conditions and temporal analysis. Of the 7,603 animals that were admitted to CETAS-DF (6,646 birds, 461 mammals and 496 reptiles), 1,028 individuals (13.52%) required veterinary medical care and were referred to HVet-UnB. The class of animals that most needed assistance was birds (765), followed by mammals (225) and reptiles (37). Unlike other fauna diagnostic surveys from environmental agencies, this is the first study that correlates the numbers of animals received by a CETAS and that were referred for veterinary medical follow-up. The high number of wild animals that require referral to specialized institutions reinforces the need to establish agreements and structure for veterinary medical treatment and subsequent rehabilitation of these specimens as part of an action plan for the conservation of biodiversity in the country.

O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar registros de duas instituições que trabalham com animais silvestres ao longo do ano de 2018. Foram obtidos dados dos animais recebidos pelo Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do Distrito Federal (CETAS-DF), referentes ao tipo de entrada e destinação, espécies, bem como animais que necessitaram de atendimento médico veterinário e foram encaminhados ao Setor de Animais Silvestres do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Brasília (HVet-UnB) com descrição das principais afecções e análise temporal. Dos 7.603 animais que deram entrada no CETAS-DF (6.646 aves, 461 mamíferos e 496 répteis), 1.028 indivíduos (13,52%) necessitaram de atendimento médico veterinário e foram encaminhados ao HVet-UnB. A classe de animais que mais precisou de assistência foi a de aves (765), seguida de mamíferos (225) e de répteis (37). Diferente de outros levantamentos de diagnóstico de fauna de órgãos ambientais, este é o primeiro estudo que correlaciona os números de animais recebidos por um CETAS e que foram encaminhados para acompanhamento médico veterinário. O alto número de animais silvestres que demandam encaminhamento para instituições especializadas reforça a necessidade de estabelecimento de acordos e estrutura de tratamento médico veterinário e posterior reabilitação desses exemplares como parte de plano de ação de conservação da biodiversidade no país.

Modelling the spread of covid-19 in the capital of Brazil using numerical solution and cellular automata.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still challenges researchers due to its spread and deaths. Hence, the classical epidemic SIR and SEIRD models inspired by the epidemic's outbreak are widely used to predict the evolution of the disease. In addition to classical approaches, describing complex phenomena through Cellular Automata (CA) is a highly effective way to understand the iterations on a populated system. The present research analyzed the usage of CA to generate an epidemic-computational model from a micro perspective based on parameters obtained through a statistical fit from a macro perspective. After validating SIR and SEIRD models with the government official data for Brasilia, Brazil, the authors applied the obtained parameters to the Cellular Automata model. The CA model simulated the spread of the virus from infected to uninfected people in a restrained environment (i.e., a supermarket) under several varied conditions applying an approach never adopted before. The manner of applying CA in this research proved to represent an essential tool in predicting the spread of the coronavirus in confined spaces with random movements of people. The CA numerical open-source presented has the purpose of clarifying how the spread occurs not only as a mathematical curve but in an organic way. The numerical simulations from the CA model allowed the authors to conclude that markets and stores are relevant places where might be infections. Thus, every local store and the market owner should reason about the aspects that could avoid the spread of the disease, coming up with efficient solutions. Each environment has specific features that only those who know them are the ones capable of managing.

Assessment of Environmental Hazards to Public Health in Temperate Urban Argentina.

Human health risk in urban areas depends on multiple environmental features. We performed a year-round survey in a highly urbanized district located in temperate Argentina (General San Martín, Buenos Aires) to establish baseline information about environmental hazards associated with health risks. Sampling was stratified into low and high hazardous zones according to estimated indexes previously developed for the area for four hazards: drinking water and air pollution, and mosquito and rodent infestation. Water from wells showed lower concentrations of aluminum, manganese and iron, and higher values of arsenic than tap samples, with the latter showing records above the maximum permitted for arsenic, aluminum and chromium. Benzene concentration in air was higher in summer than in winter, and in areas close to dumps and landfills, gas stations, high traffic pathways and industries with respect to low hazard areas. Adult mosquito collections were more abundant in high hazardous areas, three species from the genus Culex dominated the captures and the proportion of individuals from each species was variable seasonally and spatially. Rodent activity was recorded inside and outside dwellings, and its observed values did not differ between low and high hazardous areas. In the comparison between field data and estimated hazard maps, high accuracy was obtained for air pollution maps, intermediate accuracy for water pollution and mosquito infestation, and poor accuracy for rodent infestation. How to improve field surveys and estimated maps are both discussed, highlighting the need for dynamic feedback between GIS-based models and environmental monitoring.

Belminus santosmalletae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae): New Species from Panama, with an Updated Key for Belminus Stål, 1859 Species.

Belminus santosmalletae, a new triatomine species, is described based on a specimen from Panama, deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. Attempts failed to identify this specimen using the keys by Lent and Wygodzinsky (1979) and Sandoval et al. (2007). A comparison was made with specimens of Belminus Stål, 1859 specimens deposited at the Triatominae collection at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CTIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and with previous descriptions of Belminus species. These comparisons showed the specimen represents a new species, described in the present paper. It differs from other species of the genus mainly by the grainy tegument, scarce pilosity along the body, and the number of tubercles observed on the pronotum.

Pombos: distribuição dos problemas registrados no Distrito Federal, Brasil / Pigeons: distribution of problems registered in the Federal District, Brasil

Os animais sinantrópicos, dentre eles os pombos, constituem uma fonte de incômodo e problemas de saúde pública no meio urbano. Encontram-se dispersos por todo o território brasileiro. Devido a sua domesticação e distribuição no ambiente, os pombos-domésticos (Columba livia) levam a queixas por nidificações, infestação por ácaros e notificações de doenças humanas. Diante disto, foi efetuado levantamento documental dos registros de reclamações feitas pela população à Diretoria de Vigilância Ambiental (DIVAL) do Distrito Federal, no período de 2014 a 2016, com o objetivo de mapear as áreas com vulnerabilidade e propor soluções para reduzir a presença desses animais sinantrópicos e a incidência de agravos. Alimento, abrigo e água são elementos essenciais para a aproximação e permanência com o homem. A distribuição das reclamações apresenta expansão principalmente na zona urbana, e outras onde nunca houve notificação, sendo que o número de notificações para estabelecimentos privados se mostrou maior que para públicos. O controle populacional desses animais é complexo e os serviços de controle encontram dificuldades em suas atividades.

Synanthropic animals, including pigeons, are a source of nuisance and public health problems in the urban environment. Dispersedthroughout the Brazilian territory due to their domestication and distribution, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) of the Columbiformes class lead to complaints of mite infestation, nesting and notification of human diseases. In view of this, a documentary survey of the records of complaints made by the population to the Environmental Surveillance Directorate (DIVAL) of the Federal District was carried out, in the period from 2014 to 2016, in order to map the vulnerable areas and propose solutions to reduce the presence of these synanthropic animals and the incidence of injuries. The distribution of complaints is expanding mainly in the urban area, and others where there was never any notification, with the number of notifications for private establishments being higher than for public ones.The population control of these animals is complex and the control services face difficulties in their activities.

Pombos: distribuição dos problemas registrados no Distrito Federal, Brasil / Pigeons: distribution of problems registered in the Federal District, Brasil

Os animais sinantrópicos, dentre eles os pombos, constituem uma fonte de incômodo e problemas de saúde pública no meio urbano. Encontram-se dispersos por todo o território brasileiro. Devido a sua domesticação e distribuição no ambiente, os pombos-domésticos (Columba livia) levam a queixas por nidificações, infestação por ácaros e notificações de doenças humanas. Diante disto, foi efetuado levantamento documental dos registros de reclamações feitas pela população à Diretoria de Vigilância Ambiental (DIVAL) do Distrito Federal, no período de 2014 a 2016, com o objetivo de mapear as áreas com vulnerabilidade e propor soluções para reduzir a presença desses animais sinantrópicos e a incidência de agravos. Alimento, abrigo e água são elementos essenciais para a aproximação e permanência com o homem. A distribuição das reclamações apresenta expansão principalmente na zona urbana, e outras onde nunca houve notificação, sendo que o número de notificações para estabelecimentos privados se mostrou maior que para públicos. O controle populacional desses animais é complexo e os serviços de controle encontram dificuldades em suas atividades.

Synanthropic animals, including pigeons, are a source of nuisance and public health problems in the urban environment. Dispersedthroughout the Brazilian territory due to their domestication and distribution, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) of the Columbiformes class lead to complaints of mite infestation, nesting and notification of human diseases. In view of this, a documentary survey of the records of complaints made by the population to the Environmental Surveillance Directorate (DIVAL) of the Federal District was carried out, in the period from 2014 to 2016, in order to map the vulnerable areas and propose solutions to reduce the presence of these synanthropic animals and the incidence of injuries. The distribution of complaints is expanding mainly in the urban area, and others where there was never any notification, with the number of notifications for private establishments being higher than for public ones.The population control of these animals is complex and the control services face difficulties in their activities.

Immunocompromised cutaneous district, isotopic, and isopathic phenomena-Systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Although the development of lesions in skin areas that have undergone injury has long been known, understanding of its pathogenesis is limited. Depending on their peculiarities, those events have been described as isomorphic, reverse isomorphic, pseudoisomorphic, isotopic, and isopathic phenomena. Ruocco's immunocompromised cutaneous district (ICD) concept was proposed to include all those phenomena. AIMS: We performed a systematic review and critically evaluated the current understanding about ICD and its relationship with the isotopic and isopathic phenomena. METHODS: To illustrate the complexity of the theme, we present a case of subclinical leprosy, whose manifestation was brisk in an old tattoo. The possible interaction between the approached phenomena, acting in the genesis of the disease, made this a pertinent study. The research was conducted under the PRISMA-P guidelines, in seven biomedical databases between 1996 and 2018. The eligibility criteria were systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical studies, and case series, written in English, French, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish. RESULTS: Using standardized keywords, 1220 articles were identified. After applying the eligibility criteria, 53 studies were selected. CONCLUSION: This review ratifies that all these phenomena are aspects of one single condition. They can be integrated into the ICD concept with the pathogenesis including: (a) neural damage (peripheral or central) and (b) chronic lymphedema. Both may change the local neuroimmune interaction. The identification of these phenomena and the understanding of their pathogenesis are of paramount importance, to define the diagnosis and choose the therapeutic strategy.

Pombos: distribuição dos problemas registrados no Distrito Federal, Brasil / Pigeons: distribution of problems registered in the Federal District, Brasil

Os animais sinantrópicos, dentre eles os pombos, constituem uma fonte de incômodo e problemas de saúde pública no meio urbano. Encontram-se dispersos por todo o território brasileiro. Devido a sua domesticação e distribuição no ambiente, os pombos-domésticos (Columba livia) levam a queixas por nidificações, infestação por ácaros e notificações de doenças humanas. Diante disto, foi efetuado levantamento documental dos registros de reclamações feitas pela população à Diretoria de Vigilância Ambiental (DIVAL) do Distrito Federal, no período de 2014 a 2016, com o objetivo de mapear as áreas com vulnerabilidade e propor soluções para reduzir a presença desses animais sinantrópicos e a incidência de agravos. Alimento, abrigo e água são elementos essenciais para a aproximação e permanência com o homem. A distribuição das reclamações apresenta expansão principalmente na zona urbana, e outras onde nunca houve notificação, sendo que o número de notificações para estabelecimentos privados se mostrou maior que para públicos. O controle populacional desses animais é complexo e os serviços de controle encontram dificuldades em suas atividades.(AU)

Synanthropic animals, including pigeons, are a source of nuisance and public health problems in the urban environment. Dispersedthroughout the Brazilian territory due to their domestication and distribution, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) of the Columbiformes class lead to complaints of mite infestation, nesting and notification of human diseases. In view of this, a documentary survey of the records of complaints made by the population to the Environmental Surveillance Directorate (DIVAL) of the Federal District was carried out, in the period from 2014 to 2016, in order to map the vulnerable areas and propose solutions to reduce the presence of these synanthropic animals and the incidence of injuries. The distribution of complaints is expanding mainly in the urban area, and others where there was never any notification, with the number of notifications for private establishments being higher than for public ones.The population control of these animals is complex and the control services face difficulties in their activities.(AU)

O acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga escola industrial e comercial Artur de Paiva (1939-1975) / Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old industrial and commercial school Artur de Paiva (1939-1975)

RESUMO O ensaio cuja abordagem centra-se no "acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga Escola Industrial e Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitado em termos cronológicos nos períodos entre 1939 a 1975. É interessante estudar o acesso à informação deste fundo pelas seguintes razões: Por um lado, a escola sendo uma das mais antigas da Região Sul de Angola, e por outro lado, devido ao elevado número de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulado ao longo destes anos pela instituição. Daí que, a necessidade de analisar o estado atual do acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola e da legislação existente sobre ela, virada para o sector de ensino, tornou-se o principal objetivo do ensaio. Far-se-á através de um estudo de caso, documental e bibliográfica, analisando o fenómeno isoladamente para percebermos melhor a situação real do acesso à informação na instituição. A combinação de vários elementos metodológicos, permitirá perceber o mesmo objeto sobre perspetivas diferentes. Efetivamente, também serão apresentadas legislações nacionais e internacionais que tratam sobre o acesso à informação, proteção dos dados pessoais, entre outros. Finalmente, será possível propor um modelo para o acesso à informação do fundo histórico da escola.

ABSTRACT The tes whose approach focuses on "Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old Industrial and Commercial School Artur de Paiva", limited in chronological terms between 1939 and 1975. It is interesting to study the access to information from this fund by following reasons: On the one hand, the school being one of the oldest in the Southern Region of Angola, and on the other hand, due to the high number of documents of historical and investigative value accumulated over these years by the institution. Hence, the need to analyze the current state of access to information in the archives of Angola and the existing legislation on it, facing the education sector, became the main objective of the essay. It will be done through a case study, documentary and bibliographic, analyzing the phenomenon in isolation to better understand the real situation of access to information in the institution. The combination of several methodological elements, will allow to perceive the same object from different perspectives. Effectively, national and international laws that deal with access to information, protection of personal data, among others, will also be presented. Finally, it will be possible to propose a model for accessing information from the school's historical fund.

RESUMEN El ensayo cuyo enfoque se centra en "El acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola: Fondo de la antigua Escuela Industrial y Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitada en términos cronológicos entre 1939 y 1975..Es interesante estudiar el acceso a la información de este fondo por las siguientes razones: por un lado, la escuela es una de las más antiguas de la Región Sur de Angola, y por otro lado, debido a la gran cantidad de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulados durante estos años. años por la institución. Por lo tanto, la necesidad de analizar el estado actual del acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola y la legislación existente sobre el mismo, frente al sector educativo, se convirtió en el objetivo principal del ensayo. Se realizará a través de un estudio de caso, documental y bibliográfico, analizando el fenómeno de forma aislada para comprender mejor la situación real de acceso a la información en la institución. La combinación de varios elementos metodológicos, permitirá percibir el mismo objeto desde diferentes perspectivas. Efectivamente, también se presentarán leyes nacionales e internacionales que se ocupan del acceso a la información, la protección de datos personales, entre otros. Finalmente, será posible proponer un modelo para acceder a la información de los antecedentes históricos de la escuela.

Esporte e política de assistência social no Distrito Federal: análise dessa relação nos centros de convivência / Sports and Social Assistance Policy in the Federal District: analysis of this relationship in the Coexistence Centers

Esta pesquisa faz parte de um esforço inicial de analisar e mapear o esporte na política de assistência social tanto em nível nacional quanto em distrital, tema ainda carente de pesquisas científicas. Nosso objetivo foi analisar a configuração do esporte na política de assistência social do Distrito Federal, notadamente nos Centros de Convivência, no período de 2011 a 2015. Metodologicam en te esse artigo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa social qualitativa do tipo exploratória, cujo delineamento incorpora a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. Nossa análise, a partir dos relatórios qualitativos dos educadores sociais, demonstrou que o esporte na perspectiva do lazer predomina nas atividades propostas. No entanto, a convivência social e a participação, eixos estruturantes do Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos, não são em sua inteireza utilizados como referência na execução da oficina de esporte e lazer. Há certa incipiência de orientações e normas que sistematizem e direcione esse serviço em nível distrital, tendo como parâmetro a realidade das unidades socioassistenciais e seus usuários, o que vem deixando ao interesse do educador de plantão a forma e o conteúdo esportivo que será utilizado nas oficinas. Essa realidade pode estar influenciando, inclusive, as ações intersetoriais en tre a política de assistência social e a de esporte, especificadamente em relação aos Centros Olímpicos...(AU)

This research is part of an initial effort to analyze and map the sport in social assistance policy at both national and district level, a subject that still lacks scientific research. Our objective was t o an alyze the configuration of the sport in the social assistance policy of the Federal Dist rict, esp ecially in the Coexistence Centers, from 2011 to 2015. Methodologically, this article is characterized as a qualit ative social research of the exploratory type, whose design incorporates the review bibliography and documentary research. Our analysis, based on the qualitative reports of social educators, showed that sport in the perspective of leisure predominates in the proposed activities. However, so cial co existence and participation, structuring axes of the Service of Coexistence and Strengthening of Links, are not in their entirety used as reference in the execution of the sport and leisure workshop. There is a certain incipience of guidelines and norms that systematize and direct this service at the district level, having as a parameter the reality of the socio-welfare units and their users, which leaves to the educator's interest on the form and the sports content that will be used in the workshops. This reality may be influencin g, in addit ion, the intersectoral actions between the policy of social assistance and that of sport, specifically in relation to the Olympic Centers...(AU)

Determination of cadmium and lead in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) consumed in Quito, Ecuador.

Vegetables are one of the most important components in the human diet, but despite their multiple nutritional components, studies have demonstrated the presence of trace metals in their edible parts. In Ecuador, two of the most consumed crops are tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The importance of these two crops in the Ecuadorian diet, especially in large and touristic locations like the Metropolitan District of Quito, implies food safety-related concerns for locals and visitors. However, no previous studies have quantified the cadmium and lead levels in these two vegetables using samples from Quito markets. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the cadmium and lead content in both tomato and lettuce products from main nonorganic and organic markets in Quito using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the cadmium levels were lower than 0.058 in tomatoes and 0.034 mg/kg in lettuce, which are under the respective threshold values (0.100 and 0.200 mg/kg). Regarding lead, levels lower than 0.066 mg/kg were detected in lettuce, which did not exceed the CXS 193-1995 threshold value, while levels in tomatoes were near or exceeded the threshold value (0.100 mg/kg) from four markets (0.209, 0.162, 0.110, 0.099 mg/kg), suggesting a possible risk from tomato consumption. In addition, most vegetables marketed as organic had higher metal content than those coming from nonorganic markets. Based on these results, local health and commercial control authorities should monitor contaminants in food products sold in Quito and other places in Ecuador to ensure their safety.

Seasons and water container types affecting Culex spp. in Southern Thailand

Usually, Culex mosquitoes are responsible for spreading several human diseases such as malaria, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, filariasis, and Zika. Lymphatic filariasis and Zika cases are increasing in Thailand with more prevalent in southern Thailand. In this study, our aim is to examine how seasons and water container types affect Culex spp. larvae numbers in Lansaka district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. This study was conducted in five sub-districts (Lansaka, Khaokaew, Thadi, Kamlon, and Khunthale) in Lansaka district. In each subdistrict, 120 houses were randomly selected to study the breeding sites of Culex mosquito in dry (March-May, 2018) and wet (October-December, 2018) seasons. Mosquito larvae were collected from indoor, outdoor, natural, artificial, darkcoloured, light-coloured, with lid, and without lid containers. It was observed that in all sub-districts, Culex larvae numbers were higher in dry season compared to wet season. In both seasons, outdoor, without lid, dark-coloured, and artificial containers contained more Culex larvae than inside, with lid, light-coloured, and natural containers, respectively. This study shows that seasons and water container types affect Culex mosquito larvae. Since the larvae numbers are higher in dry season, as well as in outdoor, without lid, dark-coloured, and artificial containers, people should reduce the usage of these containers, especially in the dry season, to prevent Culex borne diseases.

Seasons and water container types affecting Culex spp. in Southern Thailand

Usually, Culex mosquitoes are responsible for spreading several human diseases such as malaria, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, filariasis, and Zika. Lymphatic filariasis and Zika cases are increasing in Thailand with more prevalent in southern Thailand. In this study, our aim is to examine how seasons and water container types affect Culex spp. larvae numbers in Lansaka district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. This study was conducted in five sub-districts (Lansaka, Khaokaew, Thadi, Kamlon, and Khunthale) in Lansaka district. In each subdistrict, 120 houses were randomly selected to study the breeding sites of Culex mosquito in dry (March-May, 2018) and wet (October-December, 2018) seasons. Mosquito larvae were collected from indoor, outdoor, natural, artificial, darkcoloured, light-coloured, with lid, and without lid containers. It was observed that in all sub-districts, Culex larvae numbers were higher in dry season compared to wet season. In both seasons, outdoor, without lid, dark-coloured, and artificial containers contained more Culex larvae than inside, with lid, light-coloured, and natural containers, respectively. This study shows that seasons and water container types affect Culex mosquito larvae. Since the larvae numbers are higher in dry season, as well as in outdoor, without lid, dark-coloured, and artificial containers, people should reduce the usage of these containers, especially in the dry season, to prevent Culex borne diseases.(AU)

Controle social no Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena: uma estrutura silenciada / Social control in the Indigenous Health Care Subsystem: a silenced structure

Resumo No Brasil, um dos princípios fundamentais do Sistema Único de Saúde é a participação social. Por meio de muita mobilização, os povos originários garantiram a publicação da lei que estabelece o Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena em 1999, estruturado em 34 Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas. Desde o início foram organizadas instâncias de participação: os Conselhos Locais, os Conselhos Distritais de Saúde Indígena (Condisi) e o Fórum de Presidentes de Condisi (FPCondisi). Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender a estrutura formal e a efetiva configuração do espaço de participação social dos povos indígenas na construção de uma política de saúde diferenciada. Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa com diversas fontes e materiais, com análise documental de atas de reuniões do Condisi Litoral Sul e do FPCondisi, legislação e com entrevistas em profundidade com indígenas e indigenistas. Os resultados demonstram que há vários caminhos de participação dos indígenas na política de saúde. É possível afirmar que a maioria dos entrevistados reconhece o Condisi como espaço de diálogo entre indígenas e governo, mas também apontam falta de resolubilidade desta e demais instâncias de controle social. O silenciamento das pautas indígenas nos espaços de participação formal faz com que esses povos busquem outras formas de protagonizar a construção de uma política de saúde diferenciada.

Abstract In Brazil, one of the fundamental principles of the Brazilian National Health System is social participation. Through mobilization, indigenous peoples secured the publication of the law establishing the Indigenous Health Subsystem in 1999, structured in 34 Special Indigenous Health Districts. From the beginning, participation instances were organized: Local Councils, District Councils of Indigenous Health (Condisi) and the Condisi Presidents Forum (FPCondisi) This study aims to understand the formal structure and effective configuration of the social participation space of indigenous people in the construction of a differentiated health policy. A qualitative methodology was used with several sources and materials, with documentary analysis of minutes of Condisi Litoral Sul and FPCondisi meetings, legislation and with in-depth interviews with indigenous people and indigenists. The results showed that there are several ways for indigenous people to participate in health policy. It is possible to state that most of the interviewees recognizes Condisi as a space for dialogue between indigenous people and the government, but they also point out the limits of the effectiveness of this and other instances of social control. The silencing of indigenous agendas in formal participation spaces makes these people seek for other ways to lead the construction of a differentiated health policy.

Remediation experiment of Ecuadorian acid mine drainage: geochemical models of dissolved species and secondary minerals saturation.

Acid mine drainage is one of the main environmental hazards to ecosystems worldwide and it is directly related to mining activities. In Ecuador, such acidic-metallic waters are drained to rivers without treatment. In this research, we tested a laboratory combined (Ca-Mg) Dispersed Alkaline Substrate (DAS) system as an alternative to remediate acid drainage from the Zaruma-Portovelo gold mining site, at El Oro, Ecuador. The system worked at low and high flow hydraulic rates during a period of 8 months, without signs of saturation.. Analysis of physico-chemical parameters and water composition (ICP-OES, ICP-MS) demonstrated that treatment effectively increased water pH and promoted the retention of about 80% of Fe, Al, Mn and Cu. Under acid conditions As, Cr and Pb concentrations decreased with Fe and possible precipitation of jarosite and schwertmannite. However, the homogeneous depletion of Cr at pH above 6 could be related to ferrihydrite or directly with Cr (OH)3 precipitation. After DAS-Ca, sulphate, phosphate and rare earth elements (REE) concentrations decreased to 1912, 0.85 and 0.07 mg/L respectively, while DAS-Mg contributed to form a complex model of minor carbonate and phosphate phases as main sink of REE. DAS-Mg also promoted the retention of most divalent metals at pH values over seven. Thus, this low cost treatment could avoid environmental pollution and international conflicts. Anyway, further investigations are needed to obtain higher Zn retention values. Graphical abstract.