How is feedback perceived by Brazilian students and faculty from a nursing school?

AIM: This study aims to explore the perceptions of feedback among undergraduate students and faculty members at a Brazilian private nursing school. BACKGROUND: Feedback plays a crucial role in the socioemotional development of learners, with its interpretation varying across different sociocultural contexts. Student evaluations frequently express dissatisfaction regarding both the quality and quantity of feedback received. Conversely, delivering feedback poses a challenge for faculty, requiring the establishment of an empathetic connection that fosters trust and credibility. Brazil, being a developing country characterized by social disparities and economic challenges, presents a unique backdrop for examining feedback dynamics. DESIGN: Qualitative research, employing Inductive Content Analysis, was used to understand feedback perceptions in Brazilian nursing education. Symbolic interactionism was adopted as methodological framework and guided data interpretation. METHODS: We carried out five virtual focus groups composed of a group of teachers (n=5) and four of students (n=34). Semi-structured interviews guided data collection. The recorded sessions were subsequently analyzed to identify key themes and codes. Symbolic interactionism was employed as a framework to derive meaning from qualitative data. RESULTS: Content analysis generated two categories that reveal the perception of teachers and students in the feedback process. The first, called "Feedback in Education: Sociocultural Influences for Students and Teachers", expresses the beliefs and interpretations of students and teachers within the shared feedback environment. The second called "Challenging resonance, transformative construction: Navigating the dualities of feedback for teachers and students", which elucidated how relational dynamics shape behaviors and attitudes, promoting the development of social skills and learning. Faculty's previous feedback experiences significantly influence their self-perception and behavior with students. As a result of the resonance of these past interactions, we recognize that the teaching self also plays a crucial role in the quality and perception of feedback. Furthermore, students construct social reality with similar beliefs and values, they believe in the learning potential generated by feedback. Our findings also corroborate that perceptions of feedback are deeply influenced by the sociocultural context and the narratives corroborate previous findings indicating that, in Brazil, honest feedback can be implicitly perceived as criticism rather than an opportunity for growth. CONCLUSIONS: Faculty members often draw on their past experiences when providing feedback, highlighting the adaptive nature of feedback interactions. Additionally, the feedback process is consistently influenced by the commitment to maintaining positive relationships with students. Students recognize the constructive dimension of feedback as a valuable tool for learning and personal growth.

The impact and the challenges of implementing a faculty development program on health professions education in a Brazilian Medical School: a case study with mixed methods.

PURPOSE: Faculty development in health professions education is still challenging in developing countries like Brazil. Work overload and the lack of financial support hinder faculty members' participation. Ribeirão Preto Medical School founded its Center for Faculty Development in 2016. Since then, an essential skills module (ESMo) on health professions education (HPE) has been offered regularly to faculty members and preceptors of seven undergraduate programs. This case study aims to evaluate the impact of this Essential Skills Module on the educational practices of participants two years after attending the module and the challenges faced during the process. METHOD: The study used a mixed-method approach with a description of the demographic and professional profile data of the ESMo participants. Immediate post-ESMo perceptions (satisfaction and learning) of the participants were determined with structured instruments. Two years later, a semi-structured interview was conducted and recorded to determine the long-term effects (application of learning and behavior changing as an educator). NVIVO® software was used to store and systematize the thematic discourse analysis with a socio-constructivist theoretical framework interpretation. RESULTS: One hundred forty-six participants were included: 86 (59%) tenured faculty members, 49 (33,5%) clinical preceptors, and 11 (7,5%) invited teachers. Most were female (66%), and 56% had teaching experience shorter than ten years. 52 (69%) out of 75 eligible participants were interviewed. The immediate reaction to participating in the module was quite positive and 80% have already implemented an educational intervention in their daily activities. Discourses thematic analysis showed five emerging themes appearing in different frequencies: Changes in teaching activities (98%); Lack of previous pedagogical training (92.3%); Commitment and enthusiasm towards teaching (46.15%); Overlapping functions inside the institution (34.6%) and Challenges for student assessment (23%). CONCLUSION: This first in-depth evaluation of the long-term effects of a faculty development intervention in a Brazilian Health Profession Education school showed that participation positively changed participants' teaching & learning practices. These interventions consistently fostered a community of practice and valued faculty development processes in local and national scenarios.

Embedding Identity and How Clinical Teachers Reconcile Their Multiple Professional Identities to Meet Overlapping Demands at Work.

PHENOMENON: Clinical teachers perform overlapping tasks in education and patient care. They are therefore expected to juggle many professional identities such as educator and clinician. Yet little is known about how clinical teachers negotiate their professional identities. The present research examined the lived experiences of clinical teachers as they manage and make sense of their professional identities in the context of a faculty development program. APPROACH: This study adopted interpretative phenomenological analysis, which is an idiographic and inductive methodological approach that enables an in-depth examination of how people conceptualize their personal and social worlds. In-depth semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with six purposively sampled Brazilian clinical teachers who were attending a faculty development program. Each participant's lived experience was analyzed independently. Then, these individual analyses were compared against each other to identify convergence and divergence. FINDINGS: Participants recognized one identity, which was labeled as embedding identity, containing other identities and roles. Participants integrated their professional identities in agreement with their personal identities, values, and beliefs, striving thus for identity consonance. Participants understood their craft as a relational process by which they wove themselves into their context and entangled their experience with that of others. They, however, diverged when recognizing who their peers were; whereas some named a single professional group (i.e., family physicians), others had a more comprehensive view and considered as peers healthcare professionals, students, and even patients. Finally, participants identified time constraints and lower prestige of family medicine as a medical discipline vis-à-vis other specialties as challenges posed by their contexts. INSIGHTS: Clinical teachers have multifaceted identities, to which they give a sense, manage, and integrate into their daily practice. Participants recognized an embedding identity and looked for common points between the identities it contained, which allowed them to meaningfully reconcile the different demands from their overlapping professional identities. Thus, this research introduces the notion of embedding identity as a strategy to make sense of many professional identities. Variability in the embedding identities depicted in this investigation suggests the fluid and contextualized character of professional identity development. How participants saw themselves also influenced how they behaved and interacted with others accordingly. Understanding clinical teacher identity development enriches current perspectives of what it is like to be one of these medical professionals. Faculty development programs ought to consider these perspectives to better support clinical teachers in meeting the overlapping demands in education and patient care.

The effectiveness of faculty development activities for interprofessional education : A systematic review protocol.

Despite increasing international demand for interprofessional education (IPE) in health care, there remains limited understanding of the kind of faculty development (FD) activities needed. This paper reports on a protocol for a systematic review to answer the question: What are the available FD activities for IPE facilitators, and which are more effective? The review aims to identify principles and methods to develop competent facilitators in IPE and to identify the implications and effects of FD for IPE concerning individuals, organizations, education, and health practice. Literature was identified through systematic searches in the electronic databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Eric (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, and Web of Science. There will be no restrictions on language or publication period. Screening of potential studies will be completed independently by at least two reviewers. The research quality of studies will be assessed for methodological rigor using established instruments based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Search results will be summarized using the PRISMA flow diagram. The proposed review seeks to provide clarity on the evidence base of FD for IPE facilitators, to strengthen future design and delivery of FD activities, and to enable ongoing success of this educational model.

Evaluación de docentes en programas de posgrado / Assessment of teachers in postgraduate programs

Los profesores son parte fundamental de una escuela de medicina. A nivel de la residencia médica, la evaluación de la docencia clínica es una estrategia de mejoramiento de la educación que permite identificar las deficiencias que existen para superarlas mediante capa-citación, así como reconocer las buenas prácticas docentes. Los modelos de evaluación docente utilizados en distintas facultades de medicina comprenden: la evaluación por pares, la autoevaluación, la evaluación basada en la opinión de los estudiantes y el portafolio docente. Con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza y la calidad de los programas formativos en la residencia médica es necesario contar instrumentos de evaluación válidos, confiables, factibles y que cuenten con la aceptación de los profesores y residentes. Esta evaluación debe ser devuelta al docente mediante un proceso de retroalimentación efectiva y conectarse a un plan de desarrollo do-cente, de capacitación y de reconocimiento, enmarcado dentro de la carrera profesional. El sistema de evaluación y desarrollo docente debe partir de la institución universitaria responsable de la formación del médico residente.

Teachers are a substantial part of a medical school. In medical residency, the evaluation of clinical teaching is a strategy for improving education that allows establishing the deficiencies to overcome them through training and also to recognise good teachers. Teaching evaluation models used in different medical schools include peer evaluation, self-evaluation, evaluation based on the opinion of students and the teaching portfolio. To improve the quality of teaching and the quality of training programs in medical residences, it is necessary to have a valid, reliable, feasible teacher evaluation system that has the acceptance of teachers and residents. This evaluation must be returned to the teacher through an effective feedback process and also linked to a faculty development program and a recognition plan framed within the professional career. The teaching assessmente and development system must come from the university responsible for the resident training.

MOOC Learning Assessment in Clinical Settings: Analysis from Quality Dimensions.

Online learning is becoming a fundamental modality of learning in medical education, and can be of great help during global crisis like the current COVID-19 pandemic. The MOOC (massive open online course) mode of e-learning is increasing its penetration worldwide, as a valid teaching approach to reach large populations. A major challenge in clinical education is the assessment of medical students and residents in clinical settings, and there is substantial evidence that the current situation requires improvement. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality dimensions of a MOOC titled "Learning assessment in clinical settings," developed by three Mexican universities in the Coursera platform. A mixed-method study design was used to assess the quality dimensions of the MOOC in two phases: pilot and implementation. The best-rated aspects were learning resources and pedagogical perspective, and those with opportunity for improvement were collaboration and time management. Assessment might be learned through a MOOC format, especially for participants willing to engage with educational technology and self-direction.

Faculty Development in Basic Science Disciplines for Clinical Teachers: Results of a Cross-Cultural Workshop in the Dominican Republic.

BACKGROUND: Faculty development programs, studied both within the USA and internationally, have been shown to be helpful for enhancing scholarly and academic work for academic faculty in teaching institutions. This project investigates the impact of a well-studied faculty development program applied to basic science teachers in an academic medical center in the Dominican Republic. METHODS: A faculty cohort of physician educators in the Basic Sciences at Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE) School of Medicine in the Dominican Republic underwent training in the Stanford Faculty Development Center (SFDC) model of teaching through a sequence of seven workshops that were adapted for basic science content. A validated retrospective pre- and post-test instrument was used to measure study outcomes on specific teaching behaviors at the end of the workshops, at 3-month and at 12-month post-intervention. Thematic analysis of specific teaching techniques and barriers to their teaching were compiled. RESULTS: Fourteen faculty participants completed the study. All participants found the workshops valuable. Significant improvement in self-reported teaching abilities was seen comparing the mean pre-intervention scores of 106.21 (maximum score = 145, standard deviation [SD] = 12.70) with mean immediate post-intervention scores of 138.28 (SD = 6.12), the 3-month post-intervention scores of 129.79 (SD = 11.12) and the 1-year post-intervention scores of 131.86 (SD = 11.26). Several consistent themes were found among participants. CONCLUSIONS: Faculty development for improving teaching of basic science concepts by clinicians can be performed across the cultures of the USA and the Dominican Republic.

Faculty Development: Social Representations Constructed by Medical School Teachers / Desenvolvimento Docente: Representações Sociais Construídas por Professores de Escolas Médicas

ABSTRACT Faculty Development seeks to support educators in a range of functions in the areas of teaching, research, extension, management and evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate faculty development based on the social representations constructed by the teachers of a medical course. A qualitative survey was carried out, using the analytical method of discourse analysis and social representation as a theoretical contribution. Twelve teachers were randomly selected, and a semi-structured interview was conducted for the data collection. The responses, recorded in audio, were transcribed and discourse analysis was performed with the aim of mapping the social representations constructed by the subjects. The social representations were grouped into two categories: institutional development and personal development. Within the category institutional development, three subcategories were identified: Guiding principles of Faculty Development Programs, Teaching-learning strategies used in Faculty Development Programs, and Skills to be developed by faculty. Within the category Personal development, two subcategories were identified: Development as a person and as a social being, and Professional development. Over the years, a variety of social representations have been constructed in relation to the nature of teaching in medical education, but it is only in recent decades that managers and teachers of educational institutions have begun to focus more closely on this topic. In the present study, it was observed that for faculty development to be effective, the educator must have a desire to learn; however, institutional support and recognition are also essential. Faculty Development Programs must be flexible and adaptable, to meet the needs of the institution and its professors, and encourage reflection on their practices, though the exchange of experiences, the development of interpersonal relationships, and collaboration. However, it is vital to identify and facilitate the development of leadership skills, and to systematically evaluate the process and the results achieved. This will encourage teachers to develop in their academic careers and thereby increase the professionalization of teaching. Managers and teachers can sustain a shared mission to win resources, adapt to change, strive for excellence in the leadership of the organization in a national and international context, and consequently, provide a quality medical education.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento docente visa apoiar educadores em diversas funções nas áreas de ensino, pesquisa, extensão, gestão e avaliação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento docente a partir das representações sociais construídas pelos professores de um curso de medicina. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual o método de análise utilizado foi análise do discurso e, como aporte teórico, as representações sociais. Foram selecionados doze professores aleatórios e uma entrevista semiestruturada foi conduzida para a coleta de dados. As respostas, gravadas em áudio, foram transcritas e a análise do discurso foi realizada com o objetivo de mapear as representações sociais construídas pelos sujeitos. As representações sociais foram agrupadas em duas categorias: Desenvolvimento Institucional e Desenvolvimento Pessoal. Na categoria Desenvolvimento Institucional, três subcategorias foram identificadas: Princípios orientadores dos Programas de Desenvolvimento docente, Estratégias de Ensino-aprendizagem utilizadas em Programas de Desenvolvimento docente, e Competências a serem desenvolvidas pelos docentes, e em Desenvolvimento Pessoal, identificaram-se duas subcategorias: Desenvolvimento como pessoa e como ser social e Desenvolvimento profissional. Muito embora uma variedade de representações sociais tenha sido construída em relação à docência em educação médica ao longo dos anos, somente nas últimas décadas o desenvolvimento docente se tornou um maior foco nas reflexões dos gestores de instituições educacionais e dos professores. No presente estudo, observou-se que para o desenvolvimento docente ser efetivo, é necessário que o educador queira aprender; no entanto, é essencial ter o reconhecimento e apoio institucional. Os Programas de Desenvolvimento Docente devem ser flexíveis e adaptáveis para atender às necessidades da instituição e dos professores e encorajar a reflexão sobre a própria prática, o intercâmbio de experiências, o desenvolvimento de relações interpessoais e a colaboração. No entanto, é vital identificar e facilitar o desenvolvimento de lideranças e avaliar sistematicamente o processo e os resultados alcançados, a fim de incentivar o desenvolvimento das carreiras acadêmicas dos professores, pois esta pode ser uma forma de profissionalizar o ensino. Portanto, é necessário que os gestores e professores possam sustentar uma missão compartilhada para alcançar recursos, se adaptar às mudanças, buscar a excelência na liderança da organização em um contexto nacional e internacional e, consequentemente, favorecer uma educação médica de qualidade.

Importancia de la autoevaluación formativa en el profesor de Medicina / Importance of formative self-evaluation for the Medicine professor

Las grandes transformaciones socioeconómicas, políticas, tecnológicos y de comunicación de manera constante han redefinido los modelos educativos buscando la excelencia académica a nivel universitario. De ahí que, las facultades de medicina requieran de profesores quienes a través de un proceso autorreflexivo y crítico permanente alcancen una verdadera formación profesional docente. El objetivo es determinar la importancia de la autoevaluación formativa del profesor de medicina en el proceso de mejora continua. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos publicados desde 2013 a febrero del 2018, en las bases de datos EBSCO, MEDLINE, Pubmed, ERIC, Google Scholar, Redalyc, Science Direct y Scopus. De 750 publicaciones encontradas, 55 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La autoevaluación en los profesores de medicina de manera eficaz, objetiva, crítica y transcendente permite garantizar la calidad de los procesos enseñanza aprendizaje al proveer el conocimiento del nivel de actuación profesional docente y suministrar información con el fin de generar transformaciones sustanciales en la búsqueda de la mejora continua(AU)

The great socio-economic, political, technological and communication transformations have constantly redefined educational models seeking academic excellence at the university level. Hence, the faculties of medicine require teachers who through a permanent critical and self-reflexive process achieve real professional teaching training. The objective is to determine the importance of the formative self-evaluation of the medicine teacher in the process of continuous improvement. For the development of this paper, a systematic review of scientific articles published from 2013 to February 2018 was carried out in the EBSCO, MEDLINE, Pubmed, ERIC, Google Scholar, Redalyc, Science Direct and Scopus databases. Of 750 publications found, 55 of them met the inclusion criteria. The self-evaluation in medical teachers in an effective, objective, critical and transcendent way allows to guarantee the quality of teaching-learning processes by providing knowledge of the level of teaching professional performance and provide information in order to generate substantial transformations in the search for continuous improvement(AU)

O professor como modelo aos seus estudantes: perspectivas da área da saúde / The teacher as a role model to its students: perspectives from the health area

A formação do estudante nas profissões da saúde envolve a incorporação de habilidades e competências gerais e específicas, adquiridas em experiências práticas sob a supervisão de professores ou preceptores, cujas características podem influenciar os estudantes e os guiar na construção de sua identidade profissional. Nesse contexto, define-se "modelo" (role model) como o profissional que serve de exemplo, por suas qualidades positivas, sendo imitado pelos estudantes, por demonstrar habilidades e características pessoais que os impressionam e inspiram. Modelos positivos exibem expertise profissional, boa comunicação e relacionamento com seus pacientes e com os estudantes, boas habilidades de ensino e, sobretudo, características pessoais como integridade, solidariedade e entusiasmo. Por outro lado, os estudantes são capazes de reconhecer atributos negativos indesejáveis, opostos ás características positivas. Nossos estudos sugerem que a percepção dos estudantes brasileiros sobre os modelos não difere do que é descrito no cenário internacional e que talvez não existam diferenças apreciáveis entre as várias profissões da saúde. Os professores e preceptores considerados pelos estudantes como bons modelos, surpreendentemente, desconhecem que exercem essa influência, mas têm visão semelhante aos dos estudantes sobre os atributos positivos de um bom modelo. Dada a importância dos modelos na formação pessoal e profissional na área da saúde, é imperioso que as escolas tomem medidas para dispor em seu corpo docente de predomínio de modelos positivos e para evitar que seus professores e preceptores emitam comportamentos que expressem qualidades negativas. Estas medidas envolvem atividades de desenvolvimento docente e valorização dos docentes por sua atuação no ensino. No entanto, essas medidas somente farão sentido se as escolas oferecerem aos seus docentes boas condições de trabalho e de remuneração e, sobretudo, tiverem cultura institucional que privilegie relações humanizadas entre os seus membros.

Student education and training in the health professions involve acquisition of general and specific skills and competencies which happens throughout practical experiences under the supervision of teachers or clinical tutors. Supervisor characteristics may influence students and guide them in building their professional identity. In this context, a role model is defined as the professional whose positive qualities are likely to be imitated by the students, as they demonstrated skills and personal characteristics that impress and inspire them. Positive role models exhibit professional expertise, good communication and relationships with patients and students, good teaching skills and, most importantly, personal characteristics such as integrity, compassion and enthusiasm. On the other hand, students seem to be able to recognize undesirable negative attributes as opposed to the positive ones. Our studies suggest that the perception of Brazilian students on models attributes does not differ from what is described in the international literature and that there may not be substantial differences between students from the various health professions on their views. Teachers and preceptors who students consider to be good role models, surprisingly, are unaware that they have such influence, but have similar views as students about the positive attributes of a role model. Given the importance of role models in student personal and professional development, schools must take steps to have positive models prevailing in their faculty and to prevent clinical tutors from expressing behaviours that convey negative qualities. These measures involve teacher training and faculty development activities and appreciation of faculty members for their performance in teaching. However, these measures will only make sense if schools offer their teachers good working conditions and, above all, possess an institutional culture that favours humanized relationships within the academic community.

Impact of Faculty Development Workshops in Student-Centered Teaching Methodologies on Faculty Members' Teaching and Their Students' Perceptions.

The aim of this study was to assess, after one year, the impact of faculty development in teaching and learning skills focused on a learner-centered approach on faculty members' perceptions of and approaches to teaching and on their students' learning experiences and approaches. Before training (2014), all 176 faculty members at a dental school in Chile were invited to complete the Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI) to assess their teaching approaches (student- vs. teacher-focused). In 2015, all 496 students were invited to complete the Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) to assess their learning approaches (deep or surface) and the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) to measure their teaching quality perceptions. Subsequently, faculty development workshops on student-centered teaching methodologies were delivered, followed by peer observation. In March 2016, all 176 faculty members and 491 students were invited to complete a second ATI (faculty) and R-SPQ-2 and CEQ (students). Before (2014) and after (2016) the training, 114 (65%) and 116 (66%) faculty members completed the ATI, respectively, and 89 (49%) of the then-181 faculty members completed the perceptions of skills development questionnaire in September 2016. In 2015, 373 students (75%) completed the R-SPQ-2F and CEQ; 412 (83%) completed both questionnaires in 2016. In 2014, the faculty results showed that student-focused teaching was significantly higher in preclinical and clinical courses than in the basic sciences. In 2016, teacher-focused teaching fell significantly; basic science teaching improved the most. Students in both the 2015 and 2016 cohorts had lower mean scores for deep learning approaches from year 1 on, while they increased their scores for surface learning. The students' perceptions of faculty members' good teaching, appropriate assessment, clear goals, and e-learning improved significantly, but perception of appropriate workload did not. Teaching and learning skills development produced significant gains in student-centered teaching for these faculty members and in some students' perceptions of teaching quality. However, student workload needs to be considered to support deep learning.

Aula centrada no aluno versus aula centrada no professor: desafios para mudança / Student- versus teacher-centered educational practices: challenges for changing

INTRODUÇÃO: As diretrizes curriculares nacionais recomendam estratégias de ensino centradas nos estudantes. Este estudo avaliou a aceitação, o comportamento e a aprendizagem dos alunos do quarto ano de Ginecologia em relação a aulas centradas no professor (ACP) e aulas centradas nos alunos (ACA). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo para 110 alunos ao longo do ano. Três professores participaram do estudo, cada um com dois temas (um em cada formato de aula). O interesse e o comportamento dos alunos foram registrados. Os alunos responderam a questionário semiestruturado, a duas perguntas abertas e foram avaliados ao final. RESULTADOS: A frequência dos alunos (76,4 x 53,9% p = 0,002), o número de cochilos (40 x 10 p < 0,001) e a percentagem de acertos na avaliação foram maiores nas ACP (69,9 x 59,3% p = 0,016). A duração da atividade foi maior na ACA (89,5 versus 68,4 minutos (p = 0,014), e o número de interações aluno-professor foi maior nas ACA (500 x 310). Os alunos sugeriram manter ACP (79,7 x 31,4% p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Os estudantes preferiram ACP. Este artigo discute possíveis razões destes achados e estratégias de mudança nas práticas de ensino.

INTRODUCTION: The national curriculum guidelines recommend teaching strategies focused on students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance, behavior and learning of fourth-year gynecology students regarding two teaching strategies: teacher-centered classroom (TCC) and student-centered classroom (SCC). METHODS: Prospective study for 110 students throughout the year. Three teachers participated in the study, each with two themes (one in each format). Student interest and behavior were recorded. The students answered a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of two open-ended questions, and subjected to final assessment. RESULTS: Student attendance (76.4 x 53.9% p = 0.002); the number of naps (40 x 10 p < 0.001); and the percentage of correct answers (69.9 x 59.3% p = 0.016) in the assessment were higher in TCC. The duration of the activity (89.5 versus 68.4 minutes (p = 0.014) and the number of student-teacher interactions (500 x 310) were higher in SCC. Students suggested maintaining TCC (79.7 x 31.4% p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Students preferred TCC. This article discusses possible reasons for these findings and strategies for changing teaching practices.

The Quality and Safety Educators Academy: fulfilling an unmet need for faculty development.

Educating physician trainees in the principles of quality improvement (QI) and patient safety (PS) is a national imperative. Few faculty are trained in these disciplines, and few teaching institutions have the resources and infrastructure to develop faculty as instructors of these skills. The authors designed a 3-day, in-person academy to provide medical educators with the knowledge and tools to integrate QI and PS concepts into their training programs. The curriculum provided instruction in quality and safety, curriculum development and assessment, change management, and professional development while fostering peer networking, mentorship, and professional development. This article describes the characteristics, experiences, and needs of a cross-sectional group of faculty interested in acquiring skills to help them succeed as quality and safety educators. It also describes the guiding principles, curriculum blueprint, program evaluation, and lessons learned from this experience which could be applied to future faculty development programs in quality and safety education.

Formação e seleção de docentes para currículos inovadores na graduação em saúde / Faculty recruitment and development for innovative curricula in undergraduate health courses

A expansão do número de vagas no ensino superior, especialmente na área da saúde, deu-se principalmente às custas do setor privado e sob as recomendações das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. A formação de profissionais de saúde demanda um novo perfil de competências para a docência no ensino superior. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os Projetos Político-Pedagógicos (PPPs) dos novos cursos de graduação na área da saúde que incorporam metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem e observar a coerência entre a proposta pedagógica e a forma de recrutamento, contratação e capacitação do corpo docente. O estudo é descritivo. Foram analisados os processos de recrutamento e capacitação de professores em novos cursos da área da saúde que expressam uma concepção inovadora no período de 2000 a 2008. Foram observadas sete instituições públicas e sete particulares. Apenas dois cursos entre os 19 analisados organizam os currículos por disciplinas e não por módulos integrados. As instituições privadas realizaram o mesmo processo de recrutamento e capacitação de docentes, com a seleção ocorrendo em meio à capacitação. As públicas realizaram capacitação após a definição do concurso público, com os docentes já contratados. Este estudo propõe a necessidade de redimensionar a formação docente na universidade, resgatando o papel da competência pedagógica como construção contínua de saberes.

The expansion in university enrollment in Brazil, especially in the health fields, has occurred mainly in the private sector and in compliance with the National Curriculum Guidelines. Training Brazilian health professionals requires a new set of teaching skills in higher education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the teaching policy plans in new undergraduate courses in health that incorporate active teaching-learning processes, and to observe the consistency between the pedagogical approach and the policies for faculty recruiting, hiring, and training. This descriptive study analyzed the recruitment and training of professors in recently inaugurated courses (2000 to 2008) in the health field that express an innovative design. The study sample included seven public (government) and seven private institutions of higher learning, with a total of 19 courses. Only two of the 19 courses organize the curriculum by disciplines and not within integrated modules. The private institutions used the same faculty recruiting and training approach, with selection occurring during the training process. Public institutions provided their training after the public admissions and hiring process. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to reevaluate faculty training by reclaiming the role of teaching skills for knowledge-building.

Group mentoring for junior medical students: perceptions of mentees and mentors / Percepções de estudantes de medicina e de mentores sobre um programa de tutoria (mentoring) desenvolvido em grupos

Entering medical school can be associated with a number of difficulties that can hinder students' performance. Mentoring programs are designed to help students circumvent difficulties and improve their learning and personal development. The current study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of both students and mentors regarding a recently introduced, group-based mentoring program designed to support first-year students. After one year of regular meetings, students and mentors' perceptions of the program were assessed by means of structured questionnaires. Response content categories were identified through multiple readings. Both regular attendees and non-participating students had positive opinions about the program. Mentors were highly satisfied at having participated and acknowledged that the program has been useful not only for assisting students, but also for fostering their own personal and professional development. In conclusion, the group-based mentoring program is feasible and can elicit positive views from both mentors and students. In addition, faculty members' participation as mentors can also be beneficial, since the program appears to contribute to their own personal and professional development.

O ingressante na escola médica pode encontrar dificuldades variadas, que afetam seu desempenho. Programas de apoio com mentores podem servir para auxiliar os estudantes e favorecer seu desenvolvimento pessoal e acadêmico. Neste trabalho avaliamos as percepções de estudantes e de mentores sobre um programa de apoio baseado em grupos e planejado para apoiar estudantes ingressantes. Após um ano de funcionamento regular do programa, as percepções dos estudantes e dos mentores sobre o programa foram avaliadas utilizando questionários estruturados, cuja análise permitiu estabelecer categorias de conteúdo das respostas. Tanto os estudantes que participaram regularmente do programa, como os que não haviam participado expressaram opiniões positivas sobre o programa. Os mentores expressaram alto grau de satisfação em participar do programa e opinaram que o programa vem sendo útil também para auxiliar na formação docente. Concluímos que o programa de apoio ao estudante ingressante, baseado em grupos que operam ao redor de mentores, é viável e efetivo no auxílio ao estudante e pode também contribuir para a formação e o desenvolvimento dos docentes e médicos que participam como mentores.