The relationship of intimate partner violence on depression: the mediating role of perceived social support and the moderating role of the Big Five personality.

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the influence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) on depression, the mediating role of social support, and the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits in the relationship between social support and depression. Methods: Participants were recruited from Mainland China, using a stratified random sampling and quota sampling method. From June to August 2022, a diverse group of 21,916 participants (ranging from 12 to 100 years old) completed the Intimate Partner Violence Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Big Five Inventory-Short Version. Results: IPV was significantly positively correlated with depression and significantly negatively correlated with perceived social support. Perceived social support plays a mediating role in the link between IPV and depression. Discussion: Healthcare workers should assess social support and provide adequate care or recommendations for increasing social support when patients with IPV report depressive symptoms. Patients can be coached by professionals to improve their resiliency by developing or nurturing more optimistic personality traits.

Psychological predictors of risky driving: the role of age, gender, personality traits (Zuckerman's and Gray's models), and decision-making styles.

The present study was planned to study the relationships between age, personality (according to Zuckerman's and Gray's psychobiological models) and decision-making styles in relation to risky driving behaviors. The participants were habitual drivers, 538 (54.3%) men and 453 (45.7%) women, with a mean age around 45 years and mainly of middle socioeconomic status. The results indicate that the youngest men and women reported more Lapses, Ordinary violations, and Aggressive violations than the oldest men and women. Women reported more Lapses (d = -0.40), and men more Ordinary (d = 0.33) and Aggressive violations (d = 0.28) when driving. Linear and non-linear analysis clearly support the role of both personality traits and decision-making styles in risky driving behaviors. Aggressiveness, Sensitivity to Reward, Sensation Seeking played the main role from personality traits, and Spontaneous and Rational decision-making style also accounted for some variance regarding risky driving behaviors. This pattern was broadly replicated in both genders. The discussion section analyses congruencies with previous literature and makes recommendations on the grounds of observed results.

Depression, anxiety, stress levels and five-factor personality traits as predictors of clinical medical students' migration intention: A cross-sectional study of brain drain.

Physician migration has a profound impact on healthcare systems and can be caused by many reasons. One of the most important healthcare-related problems in Turkey recently is the increasing migration trends of physicians. Although many studies have investigated physician migration's social and political determinants, the psychological factors that may yield this trend have not been adequately studied. It is aimed to examine the relationship between clinical term medical students' intention to migrate and temporary factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, as well as persistent factors such as personality traits in this study. After questioning the migration intentions and possible related determinants of 575 students participating in our study, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Five-Factor Personality Inventory were applied. While 46.3% of the participants had the intention to migrate, 53.7% planned to live in Turkey in the long term. Higher depression and stress levels are significantly associated with migratory intention. Identifying oneself as man, having a partner, high-stress levels, high openness, and low agreeableness traits were found to be major predictors of migration intention. Our study shows that besides many sociological studies on this subject, the investigation of psychological factors has an important role to understand the recent physician migration.

Decision-Making and the Alternative Five Factor Personality Model: Exploring the Role of Personality Traits, Age, Sex and Social Position.

This study explores the relationship between decision-making style, as measured by the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, and personality based on alternative five-factor model along with effect of age, sex and social position on such styles. A large sample of community and undergraduate students (n = 1,562; Mage = 40.03, SD = 18.43) was analyzed. The results showed that Neuroticism and Extraversion were significantly related to the non-vigilant styles Hypervigilance, Buck-passing and Procrastination. Women scored significantly lower in Vigilance and higher in Hypervigilance, Buck-passing and Procrastinations than men. Age was significantly related to decision-making style in a U-shaped fashion. The Social Position Index was significantly related to all decision-making styles. The most predictive personality domains regarding decision-making scales were Aggressiveness (negatively) and Activity for Vigilance, and Neuroticism for Hypervigilance, Buck-passing and Procrastination. Age, sex and social position had a small/medium overall effect on the four dimensions of Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (p < 0.001) with a η2 of 0.038, 0.068, 0.050, and 0.031 for Vigilance, Hypervigilance, Buck-passing and Procrastination, respectively. Based on scores on a single factor dimension of the MDMQ, the profile of participants with higher scores was characterized by lower age, more likely to be females, lower social position, higher levels of Aggressiveness, less Activity, less Extraversion, and higher Neuroticism.

Multicultural Validation of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire Shortened Form (ZKA-PQ/SF) Across 18 Countries.

The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire shortened form (ZKA-PQ/SF) in 18 cultures and 13 languages of different African, American, Asian, and European cultures and languages. The results showed that the five-factor structure with 20 facets replicated well across cultures with a total congruence coefficient of .97. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) resulted in adequate fit indices for the five factors based on the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; >.90), and RMSEA (.031-.081). A series of CFA to assess measurement invariance across cultures resulted in adequate CFIs and TLIs for configural and metric invariance. However, factors did not show scalar invariance. Alpha internal consistencies of five factors ranged between .77 (Sensation Seeking) and .86 (Neuroticism). The average alpha of the 20 facets was .64 with a range from .43 (SS4) to .75 (AG1). Nevertheless, alpha reliabilities were lower in some facets and cultures, especially for Senegal and Togo. The average percentage of the variance explained based on the adjusted R2 was 2.9%, 1.7%, and 5.1% for age, sex, and, cultures, respectively. Finally, multidimensional scaling suggested that geographically or culturally close cultures share mean profile similarities.

Structural correlates of the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala and personality in female adolescents.

The five-factor model consists of cognitive-affective-behavioral trait dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) that are central to models of psychopathology. In adults, individual differences in three of the Big Five traits, neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness, have been linked to structural morphology and connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala, two brain regions critically involved in affective and regulatory processing. It is unclear whether these associations manifest in adolescence, a critical neurodevelopmental period during which many forms of psychiatric illness emerge. A total of 223 adolescent girls (ages 14-16 years) completed a multimodal neuroimaging study that utilized T1-weighted structural MRI (e.g., cortical thickness and volume) and tractography-based diffusion tensor imaging (64-direction). Cortical thickness and volume were extracted from the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and amygdala and tractography-based fractional anisotropy was computed in the uncinate fasciculus (UF; the white matter tract connecting the OFC to the temporal lobe). We found that high neuroticism was associated with less mOFC volume (bilateral), and low conscientiousness was associated with higher white matter integrity in the UF, more amygdala volume, and less mOFC thickness (right hemisphere). Extraversion was not observed to share associations with OFC markers. These OFC-amygdala structural correlations to personality do not match those reported in adult samples. Multimodal neuroimaging techniques can help to clarify the underpinnings of personality development between adolescence and adulthood.

Personality traits and health-related quality of life: the mediator role of coping strategies and psychological distress.

BACKGROUND: The study of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important topic in mental health around the globe. However, there is the need for more evidence about the cumulative influence of psychological variables on HRQOL. The main aim of the study was to evaluate how specific personality traits might explain scores in HRQOL and to explore how this relationship might be mediated by coping styles and psychological distress. METHODS: Young Colombian subjects (N = 274) were included (mean age: 21.3; SD = 3.8). The Short-Form Health Survey was used to measure HRQOL. For assessment of psychological variables, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and the short version of Big Five Inventory were used. RESULTS: The personality trait that was the best predictor of HRQOL was openness to experience, forming an explanatory model for HRQOL, along with emotional coping style and depressive and anxious symptoms. Emotional coping style and psychological distress were significant mediators of the relationship between openness and HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide additional data about the cumulative influence of specific psychological variables on HRQOL, in a mostly young female Latin American sample.

The High Five: Associations of the Five Positive Factors with the Big Five and Well-being.

The study of individual differences in positive characteristics has mainly focused on moral traits. The objectives of this research were to study individual differences in positive characteristics from the point of view of the layperson, including non-moral individual characteristics, and to generate a replicable model of positive factors. Three studies based on a lexical approach were conducted. The first study generated a corpus of words which resulted in a refined list of socially shared positive characteristics. The second study produced a five-factor model of positive characteristics: erudition, peace, cheerfulness, honesty, and tenacity. The third study confirmed the model with a different sample. The five-positive-factor model not only showed positive associations with emotional, psychological and social well-being, but it also accounted for the variance beyond that accounted for by the Big Five factors in predicting these well-being dimensions. In addition, the presence of convergent and divergent validity of the five positive factors is shown with relation to the Values-in-Action (VIA) classification of character strengths proposed by Peterson and Seligman (2004).

Gray and white matter correlates of the Big Five personality traits.

Personality neuroscience defines the scientific study of the neurobiological basis of personality. This field assumes that individual differences in personality traits are related with structural and functional variations of the human brain. Gray and white matters are structural properties considered separately in previous research. Available findings in this regard are largely disparate. Here we analyze the relationships between gray matter (cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (CSA), and cortical volume) and integrity scores obtained after several white matter tracts connecting different brain regions, with individual differences in the personality traits comprised by the Five-Factor Model (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience). These psychological and biological data were obtained from young healthy women. The main findings showed statistically significant associations between occipital CSA variations and extraversion, as well as between parietal CT variations and neuroticism. Regarding white matter integrity, openness showed positive correlations with tracts connecting posterior and anterior brain regions. Therefore, variations in discrete gray matter clusters were associated with temperamental traits (extraversion and neuroticism), whereas long-distance structural connections were related with the dimension of personality that has been associated with high-level cognitive processes (openness).

Comparison of the Big Five personality traits in fibromyalgia and other rheumatic diseases.

INTRODUCTION: The personality of patients with fibromyalgia is still under debate. Some studies found high neuroticism associated with low extraversion, while others found that these traits do not differ from the normal population. Personality factors intervene in the emotional regulation and modulation of pain. The aim of the study was to determine the personality traits of patients with fibromyalgia compared to other rheumatic diseases. METHODS: In a multicentric study, women with fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis or Sjögren's syndrome were asked to complete the Big Five Inventory, which encompasses five main personality dimensions, namely (1) extraversion vs. introversion, (2) agreeableness vs. antagonism, (3) conscientiousness vs. impulsivity, (4) neuroticism vs. emotional stability, and (5) openness vs. closed-mindedness. Variance analysis (Student's t-test and ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons or Bonferroni correction) was performed. We also conducted hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Participants were 163 women with fibromyalgia (n=48), rheumatoid arthritis (n=46), spondyloarthritis (n=46) and Sjögren's syndrome (n=23). The mean age was 47.18years (±10.81years, range 21 to 65). Patients with fibromyalgia had higher scores on agreeableness (F(3, 159)=3.39, P<0.05), neuroticism (F(3, 159)=3.79, P<0.05) and openness (F(3, 159)=4.32, P<0.01) than those with other rheumatic diseases. This study highlights the specificity of personality in fibromyalgia. It also underlines the protective role of personality traits: in the fibromyalgia group, high neuroticism and low conscientiousness (high impulsivity) were associated with a high level of chronic pain.

The influence of personality and ability on undergraduate teamwork and team performance.

UNLABELLED: The ability to work effectively on a team is highly valued by employers, and collaboration among students can lead to intrinsic motivation, increased persistence, and greater transferability of skills. Moreover, innovation often arises from multidisciplinary teamwork. The influence of personality and ability on undergraduate teamwork and performance is not comprehensively understood. An investigation was undertaken to explore correlations between team outcomes, personality measures and ability in an undergraduate population. Team outcomes included various self-, peer- and instructor ratings of skills, performance, and experience. Personality measures and ability involved the Five-Factor Model personality traits and GPA. Personality, GPA, and teamwork survey data, as well as instructor evaluations were collected from upper division team project courses in engineering, business, political science, and industrial design at a large public university. Characteristics of a multidisciplinary student team project were briefly examined. Personality, in terms of extraversion scores, was positively correlated with instructors' assessment of team performance in terms of oral and written presentation scores, which is consistent with prior research. Other correlations to instructor-, students' self- and peer-ratings were revealed and merit further study. The findings in this study can be used to understand important influences on successful teamwork, teamwork instruction and intervention and to understand the design of effective curricula in this area moving forward. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-16) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Assessing personality traits by questionnaire: psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire and correlations with psychopathology and hostility.

BACKGROUND: The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) was developed in an attempt to define the basic factors of personality or temperament. We aimed to assess the factor structure and the psychometric properties of its Greek version and to explore its relation to psychopathological symptoms and hostility features. METHODS: ZKPQ was translated into Greek using back-translation and was administered to 1,462 participants (475 healthy participants, 619 medical patients, 177 psychiatric patients and 191 opiate addicts). Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were performed. Symptoms Distress Check-List (SCL-90R) and Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) were administered to test criterion validity. RESULTS: Five factors were identified, largely corresponding to the original version's respective factors. Retest reliabilities were acceptable (rli's: 0.79-0.89) and internal consistency was adequate for Neuroticism-Anxiety (0.87), Impulsive Sensation Seeking (0.80), Aggression-Hostility (0.77) and Activity (0.72), and lower for Sociability (0.64). Most components were able to discriminate psychiatric patients and opiate addicts from healthy participants. Opiate addicts exhibited higher rates on Impulsive Sensation Seeking compared to healthy participants. Neuroticism-Anxiety (p<0.001) and Impulsive Sensation Seeking (p<0.001) were significantly associated with psychological distress and Aggression-Hostility was the most powerful correlate of Total Hostility (p<0.001), and Neuroticism-Anxiety was the stronger correlate of introverted hostility (p<0.001), further supporting the instrument's concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS: Present findings support the applicability of the Greek version of ZKPQ within the Greek population. Future studies could improve its psychometric properties by finding new items, especially for the Sociability scale.

Relações entre pensamento ruminativo e facetas do neuroticismo / The relationship between ruminative thought and facets of neuroticism

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as relações de ruminação com neuroticismo e suas facetas (vulnerabilidade, desajustamento psicossocial, ansiedade e depressão), no tocante à variavel sexo. Compuseram a amostra 361 estudantes universitários (48,5% do sexo feminino), com média de idade de 19,9 anos (DP=3,6). Os estudantes foram testados coletivamente em sala de aula. Os resultados evidenciaram correlações positivas de ruminação com neuroticismo e suas facetas, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos em relação a essas correlações. Ademais, homens apresentaram médias superiores de desajustamento psicossocial e depressão em relação a mulheres. Estas, por sua vez, apresentaram médias superiores de ansiedade. Os achados desse estudo são discutidos à luz da literatura da área e sugerem novas investigações.

The present study was developed to assess the relationship between rumination, neuroticism and its facets (vulnerability, psychosocial maladjustment, anxiety and depression) and gender. Three hubdred sixty-one undergraduate students (48.5% females) participated in the study and the mean age was 19.9 (SD=3.6). The students were tested collectively in their classrooms. The results showed positive correlations between rumination and neuroticism and its facets, and these correlations did not differ statistically between male and female students. Male students presented higher levels of psychosocial maladjustment and depression than female students. Anxiety levels were however higher in female students. These findings are subsequently discussed according to literature and further lines of research are suggested.

A estrutura fatorial do inventário de características da personalidade / The factor structure of the personal characteristics inventory

Este artigo discute a natureza valorativa dos traços do modelo big five e investiga a validade do Inventário de Características da Personalidade, analisando sua estrutura fatorial. Fizeram parte da amostra 716 estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio de uma escola particular de Belo Horizonte. Foi empregada a Análise Fatorial Exploratória, com extração pelo método da máxima verossimilhança e rotação Geomin. Foram empregados o alfa de Cronbach e o índice de determinação do fator. Foram estipulados critérios para a eliminação de itens. A solução escolhida entre as diversas obtidas foi aquela com oito fatores (χ²=345,39, gl=163, índice comparativo de ajuste=0,99, raiz quadrada média do erro de aproximação=0,04, raiz quadrática média residual estandartizada=0,02). Os oito traços identificados são: abertura a novas experiências, extroversão, mutabilidade, estabilidade, foco em relações humanas, introversão, foco no objeto e foco no objetivo. O alfa dos fatores variou de 0,59 a 0,80, e a determinação do fator variou de 0,80 a 0,92. Implicações são discutidas.

The present paper discusses the evaluative nature of the traits of the big-five model and investigates the validity of the Personal Characteristics Inventory by analysing its factor structure. The sample is provided by 716 primary- and secondary-school students from a private school in Belo Horizonte. An Exploratory Factor Analysis is undertaken with extraction by means of the maximum likelihood method and Geomin rotation. We also used Cronbach's alpha and the factor determination index and criteria were stipulated for the items' elimination. The factor selected from the various solutions obtained was the eight-factor structure (χ²=345.39, df=163, Comparative Fit Index=0.99, root mean square error of approximation=0.04, standardised root mean square residual=0.02). The eight traits identified are: openness to new experiences, extroversion, changeability, stability, focus on human relationships, introversion, focus on the object and focus on the goal. The factor alphas ranged from 0.59 to 0.80 and the factor determination index ranged from 0.80 to 0.92. The implications of these results are subsequently discussed.

A estrutura fatorial do inventário de características da personalidade / The factor structure of the personal characteristics inventory

Este artigo discute a natureza valorativa dos traços do modelo big five e investiga a validade do Inventário de Características da Personalidade, analisando sua estrutura fatorial. Fizeram parte da amostra 716 estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio de uma escola particular de Belo Horizonte. Foi empregada a Análise Fatorial Exploratória, com extração pelo método da máxima verossimilhança e rotação Geomin. Foram empregados o alfa de Cronbach e o índice de determinação do fator. Foram estipulados critérios para a eliminação de itens. A solução escolhida entre as diversas obtidas foi aquela com oito fatores (χ²=345,39, gl=163, índice comparativo de ajuste=0,99, raiz quadrada média do erro de aproximação=0,04, raiz quadrática média residual estandartizada=0,02). Os oito traços identificados são: abertura a novas experiências, extroversão, mutabilidade, estabilidade, foco em relações humanas, introversão, foco no objeto e foco no objetivo. O alfa dos fatores variou de 0,59 a 0,80, e a determinação do fator variou de 0,80 a 0,92. Implicações são discutidas.(AU)

The present paper discusses the evaluative nature of the traits of the big-five model and investigates the validity of the Personal Characteristics Inventory by analysing its factor structure. The sample is provided by 716 primary- and secondary-school students from a private school in Belo Horizonte. An Exploratory Factor Analysis is undertaken with extraction by means of the maximum likelihood method and Geomin rotation. We also used Cronbach's alpha and the factor determination index and criteria were stipulated for the items' elimination. The factor selected from the various solutions obtained was the eight-factor structure (χ²=345.39, df=163, Comparative Fit Index=0.99, root mean square error of approximation=0.04, standardised root mean square residual=0.02). The eight traits identified are: openness to new experiences, extroversion, changeability, stability, focus on human relationships, introversion, focus on the object and focus on the goal. The factor alphas ranged from 0.59 to 0.80 and the factor determination index ranged from 0.80 to 0.92. The implications of these results are subsequently discussed.(AU)

Relações entre pensamento ruminativo e facetas do neuroticismo / The relationship between ruminative thought and facets of neuroticism

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as relações de ruminação com neuroticismo e suas facetas (vulnerabilidade, desajustamento psicossocial, ansiedade e depressão), no tocante à variavel sexo. Compuseram a amostra 361 estudantes universitários (48,5% do sexo feminino), com média de idade de 19,9 anos (DP=3,6). Os estudantes foram testados coletivamente em sala de aula. Os resultados evidenciaram correlações positivas de ruminação com neuroticismo e suas facetas, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos em relação a essas correlações. Ademais, homens apresentaram médias superiores de desajustamento psicossocial e depressão em relação a mulheres. Estas, por sua vez, apresentaram médias superiores de ansiedade. Os achados desse estudo são discutidos à luz da literatura da área e sugerem novas investigações.(AU)

The present study was developed to assess the relationship between rumination, neuroticism and its facets (vulnerability, psychosocial maladjustment, anxiety and depression) and gender. Three hubdred sixty-one undergraduate students (48.5% females) participated in the study and the mean age was 19.9 (SD=3.6). The students were tested collectively in their classrooms. The results showed positive correlations between rumination and neuroticism and its facets, and these correlations did not differ statistically between male and female students. Male students presented higher levels of psychosocial maladjustment and depression than female students. Anxiety levels were however higher in female students. These findings are subsequently discussed according to literature and further lines of research are suggested.(AU)