Association between gamma glutamyl transpeptidase to HDL-Cholesterol (GGT/HDL-C) ratio and metabolic syndrome resolution after sleeve gastrectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between GGT/HDL-C ratio and resolution of MetS in adults after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from a Peruvian bariatric center. The study population consisted of adults aged 18 and above who underwent laparoscopic SG and were diagnosed with MetS prior to the surgery. The main outcome measured was MetS resolution 6 months post-surgery and the exposure variable was the GGT/HDL-C ratio. RESULTS: We analyzed 137 patients with a mean age of 38.9 ± 10.9 years; 64.2% were females. The median GGT/HDL-C ratio was 1.1 [0.7 - 1.5], and 83.9% of patients experienced resolution of MetS. Furthermore, both the middle tertile of GGT/HDL-C (aRR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.58; p = .019) and the lowest tertile (aRR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.60; p = .038) showed a significant association with the resolution of MetS. CONCLUSION: Eight out of 10 patients undergoing SG experience resolution of MetS within 6 months after surgery. Patients in the middle and lower tertiles of the GGT/HDL-C were more likely to achieve this outcome. Therefore, the GGT/HDL-C ratio should be considered a valuable and efficient biomarker for preoperative assessment of bariatric surgery candidates.

Hematological and biochemical changes in a cow with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma

We describe here hematological and biochemical findings in a cow with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. On physical examination, apathy with congested mucous membranes, tachycardia and enlarged abdomen; hypoperistalsis in rumen, abomasum and intestines. In hematological examination, icteric plasma with leukocytosis by neutrophilia with regenerative left shift and inversion of the proportion between lymphocytes and segmented neutrophils, and hypofibrinemia. In serum biochemistry: hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, low albumin/globulin ratio and high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase. The cow died and in necropsy was observed a severe and diffuse increase in volume predominantly on the hepatic right lobe and moderate increase of volume in mesenteric lymph nodes. Which was diagnosed microscopically as a cholangiocarcinoma, characterized by arrangements in irregular and coalescent ducts. In conclusion, cholangiocarcinoma may cause important hematological and biochemical changes in cattle.(AU)

Ácido úrico y gamma-glutamiltransferasa como biomarcadores de enfermedad cardiovascular a través del estrés oxidativo / Uric acid and gamma-glutamyltransferase as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease via oxidative stress

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad y morbilidad a nivel mundial. Reconocidas como problemas de salud de impacto social, han motivado a muchos científicos a tratar de explicar su patogénesis. Actualmente se plantea de la existencia de otros factores de riesgo, independientemente de los clásicos. Entre estos factores se describen el papel de las altas concentraciones de ácido úrico y la actividad de la enzima gamma-glutamiltransferasa en sangre, biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo. Estos elementos que de manera individual pudieran contribuir a las enfermedades cardiovasculares, parecen tener un efecto sinérgico. Objetivo: Revisar las evidencias que sostienen que altas concentraciones de ácido úrico y la actividad de la enzima gamma-glutamiltransferasa en sangre pueden constituir factores de riesgo que desde el estrés oxidativo contribuyan a las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Métodos: Se recopiló la información a partir de las bases de datos de diferentes buscadores (Medline-Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus y SciELO) entre el 1 de marzo del 2019 y el 23 de mayo 2020. Conclusiones: Se encontró que, tanto el ácido úrico como la gamma-glutamiltransferasa son productos horméticos que a bajas concentraciones tienen efecto antioxidante en el organismo, pero al elevarse involucran la ocurrencia de procesos oxidativos que conducen a la disfunción endotelial y las enfermedades cardiovasculares(AU)

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recognized as a health problem of social impact; they have prompted many scientists to try to explain their pathogenesis. New risk factors are currently acknowledged alongside the classic ones. These factors include the role of high uric acid concentrations and the activity of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase in blood, both of which are biomarkers of oxidative stress. These elements may individually contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases, and seem to have a synergistic effect. Objective: Review the evidence supporting the idea that high uric acid concentrations and the activity of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase in blood may be risk factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases via oxidative stress. Methods: Data were collected from the databases of various search engines (Medline-Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus and SciELO) from 1 March 2019 to 23 May 2020. Conclusions: It was found that uric acid and gamma-glutamyltransferase are hormetic products causing an antioxidant effect on the organism at low concentrations. However, when concentrations rise, they are involved in the occurrence of oxidative processes leading to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases(AU)

Reference limits of the urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase in a healthy population and effects of short-term storage on the enzyme activity.

BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is present mainly in proximal renal tubule, and urinary GGT is an indicator of tubular damage since it may show renal changes before they are identified by using conventional measurements. Therefore, it is of interest to establish the reference limits of urinary GGT for a healthy population, as well as to investigate the stability of GGT in urine samples stored at 4 °C and -20 °C. METHODS: GGT was assessed in urine samples from 127 healthy patients by use of a reference method based on the 5-Amino-2-Nitrobenzoate formation. Stability of GGT was evaluated in 10 urine samples stored at temperatures of 4 °C and -20 °C for a period up to 4 weeks. RESULTS: Urinary GGT values for healthy volunteers were 14 U/g creatinine for the lower reference limit and 79 U/g creatinine for the upper reference limit. Urinary GGT values were approximately 56% lower in samples stored at -20 °C than fresh samples, while samples stored at 4 °C presented a decrease of 11% in GGT values compared to fresh samples. CONCLUSIONS: Reference limits for urinary GGT in healthy subjects were 14 to 79 U/g creatinine, and it is recommended to measure urinary GGT in fresh specimens.

Elevated gamma glutamyl transferase levels are associated with the location of acute pulmonary embolism. Cross-sectional evaluation in hospital setting / Níveis elevados de gama glutamil transferase estão associados com a localização de embolia pulmonar aguda. Estudo transversal em ambiente hospitalar

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The location of embolism is associated with clinical findings and disease severity in cases of acute pulmonary embolism. The level of gamma-glutamyl transferase increases under oxidative stress-related conditions. In this study, we investigated whether gamma-glutamyl transferase levels could predict the location of pulmonary embolism. DESIGN AND SETTING: Hospital-based cross-sectional study at Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. METHODS : 120 patients who were diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism through computed tomography-assisted pulmonary angiography were evaluated. They were divided into two main groups (proximally and distally located), and subsequently into subgroups according to thrombus localization as follows: first group (thrombus in main pulmonary artery; n = 9); second group (thrombus in main pulmonary artery branches; n = 71); third group (thrombus in pulmonary artery segmental branches; n = 34); and fourth group (thrombus in pulmonary artery subsegmental branches; n = 8). RESULTS : Gamma-glutamyl transferase levels on admission, heart rate, oxygen saturation, right ventricular dilatation/hypokinesia, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and cardiopulmonary resuscitation requirement showed prognostic significance in univariate analysis. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that gamma-glutamyl transferase level on admission (odds ratio, OR = 1.044; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.011-1.079; P = 0.009) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (OR = 1.063; 95% CI: 1.005-1.124; P = 0.033) remained independently associated with proximally localized thrombus in pulmonary artery. CONCLUSIONS : The findings revealed a significant association between increased existing embolism load in the pulmonary artery and increased serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO : A localização da embolia está associada com os resultados clínicos e a gravidade da doença do embolismo pulmonar agudo (EPA). O nível de gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) aumenta em condições relacionadas com estresse oxidativo. Investigou-se se os níveis de GGT podem prever a localização do EPA. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL : Estudo observacional transversal na Universidade Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turquia. MÉTODOS : Avaliamos 120 pacientes diagnosticados com EPA após a realização de angiografia pulmonar assistida por tomografia computadorizada. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos principais (localização proximal e distal) e depois em subgrupos de acordo com a localização do trombo da seguinte forma: primeiro grupo (trombo na artéria pulmonar [AP] principal, n = 9); segundo (trombo no ramo da AP principal; n = 71); terceiro grupo (trombo na segmentar da AP; n = 34); quarto grupo (trombo na subsegmentar da AP; n = 8). RESULTADOS : Na análise univariada, os níveis de GGT tiveram significado prognóstico em relação à admissão, pulsação arterial, saturação de oxigênio, dilatação do ventrículo direito/hipocinesia, pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar (PSAP) e necessidade de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. O modelo de regressão logística multivariada demonstrou que o nível de GGT na admissão (razão de possibilidades, OR: 1,044; 95% intervalo de confiança, CI: 1,011-1,079; P = 0,009) e PSAP (OR: 1,063, 95% CI: 1,005-1,124; P = 0,033) permaneceram independentemente associados com trombo localizado proximalmente na AP. CONCLUSÕES : Os resultados demonstraram associação significativa entre aumento da carga existente de embolia da AP e aumento dos níveis séricos da GGT.

GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE IMPACT IN THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: a systematic review of the literature / Impacto da gama glutamiltransferase na resposta terapêutica da hepatite C crônica: revisão sistemática da literatura

BackgroundThe standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C is the administration of pegylated interferon α2a or α2b in combination with ribavirin, but adverse effects can be observed, as well as the high cost of this therapy. Therefore, there is interest in understanding the predictors of sustained virologic response, as the gamma glutamyltransferase.ObjectiveTo evaluate the serum levels of gamma glutamyltransferase as a predictor of response to treatment with pegylated interferon α and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C.MethodsThis is a systematic review of literature, conducted by consulting PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane electronic databases, and active search of articles selected between January 2000 and April 2013.ResultsA total of 4,785 titles were iden tified. Out of those material, following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 273 abstracts were selected, by two independent researchers. After reading those texts, the reviewers consensually included ten studies for systematization and classification, according to the criteria of the Oxford Scale. 1B studies are predominant (prospective cohort study - six studies). Rapid virologic response and early virological response were considered as estimates for the sustained virological response. The frequency of virologic response was identified in three studies and early virological response in two, with a total of 392 and 413 patients, respectively; sustained virologic response was reported in nine articles corresponding to 3,787 patients (76.5 %).ConclusionGamma glutamyltransferase is a predictor of sustained virologic response in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon α2a or α2b associated with ribavirin.

ContextoO tratamento padrão da hepatite C crônica consiste na administração de interferon peguilado α2a ou α2b associado à ribavirina. Contudo, podem ser observados efeitos adversos além do alto custo desta terapêutica. Por isso há interesse no conhecimento dos fatores preditivos de resposta virológica sustentada como a gama glutamiltransferase.ObjetivoAvaliar os níveis séricos da gama glutamiltransferase como fator preditivo de resposta terapêutica com interferon peguilado α e ribavirina na hepatite C crônica.MétodosTrata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, conduzida através de consulta às bases eletrônicas de dados PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, SCOPUS e COCHRANE, e busca ativa das referências dos artigos selecionados, no período de janeiro de 2000 a abril de 2013.ResultadosForam identificados 4.785 títulos. Destes, seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 273 resumos para a leitura por dois pesquisadores independentes. Após a leitura dos artigos, na íntegra e em consenso, os revisores incluíram dez estudos, para sistematização e qualificação, segundo os critérios da Escala de Oxford. Predominaram os estudos 1B A (Coorte prospectivo - seis estudos), publicações da Alemanha. A frequência de resposta virológica rápida foi identificada em três estudos e resposta virológica precoce em dois estudos, com um total de 392 e 413 pacientes respectivamente; a resposta virológica sustentada foi registrada em nove artigos correspondendo a 3.787 pacientes (76,5%).ConclusãoO nível sérico da gama glutamiltransferase é um fator preditivo de resposta virológica sustentada no tratamento da hepatite C crônica com interferon peguilado α2a ou α2b associado à ribavirina.

¿Cómo evaluar la elevación de las enzimas hepáticas en personas aparentemente sanas?: Su importancia para el médico general / How to approach the rise of liver enzimes in healthy people?: The importance for the general practitioner

En este artículo hacemos una revisión de las causas más frecuentes de elevación de los niveles de las aminotransferasas, fosfatasa alcalina y gamma glutamil transpeptidasa en personas aparentemente sanas, al mismo tiempo ofrecemos una orientación sencilla que facilite al médico general una orientación escueta que permita el diagnóstico y manejo adecuado de estos casos.

In this study we make a review of the most common causes of the rise of the levels of aminotransferases, alkaline fosphatase and gamma glutamil transpeptidase en healthy people, also we offer a view of the diagnosis and management of these patients as simple as possible.

Período de absorção intestinal de macromoléculas em cabritos recém-nascidos após a ingestão de colostro bovino / Macromolecules intestinal absorption period of goat kids after bovine colostrum intake

Após o nascimento, os cabritos são dependentes das imunoglobulinas colostrais devido às características placentárias que não permitem a passagem de macromoléculas da circulação materna. De acordo com a literatura, os cabritos possuem capacidade absortiva por até quatro dias. Muitos aspectos fisiológicos de outras espécies são aceitos e utilizados para caprinos, mas aqueles relacionados à transferência de imunidade passiva precisam de investigação. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram determinar o período de passagem de macromoléculas da mucosa intestinal para a circulação e a duração da proteção humoral transferida passivamente pela ingestão de colostro bovino e caprino. Sessenta cabritos recém-nascidos foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos: T 0 (n=25), ingestão natural de colostro caprino à vontade; T 1 (n=7), colostro bovino entre o nascimento e duas horas pós-parto; T 2 (n=7), ingestão de colostro bovino entre quatro e seis horas pós-nascimento; T 3 (n=7), leite nas primeiras oito horas e colostro bovino entre 10 e 12 horas pós-parto; T 4 (n=7), ingestão de leite até 18 horas e colostro bovino entre 22 e 24 horas pós-nascimento; T 5 (n=7), leite até 30 horas e ingestão de colostro bovino entre 34 e 36 horas pós-parto. Determinaram-se as concentrações séricas de proteína total (PT), gamaglobulina, imunoglobulina G (IgG) e a atividade sérica de gama glutamiltransferase (GGT). Ao nascimento, todos os neonatos tiveram valores mais baixos das variáveis, com aumento significativo da PT e gamaglobulina, após dois dias, nos grupos T 0, T 1 e T 2; a IgG e GGT aumentaram em todos os grupos. Os tratamentos T 3, T 4 e T 5 foram considerados como indutores de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva. A absorção de macromoléculas pelo trato intestinal dos cabritos ocorreu até 36 horas pós-parto, sendo mais efetiva até 12 horas. Os níveis de anticorpos persistiram até 75 dias após a ingestão de colostro bovino, porém, com concentrações inadequadas.

After birth goat kids are dependent of colostrum immunoglobulins due to placental characteristics that don't allow macromolecules passage from dam's circulation. According to literature goat kids have colostrum immunoglobulin absorption capability for up to four days. Many physiological aspects of other species have been accepted and used for goats, but those related to passive immunity transference needs more investigation. The goals of the present study was to determine the period of macromolecules passage through gut wall to circulation until 36 hours postpartum and verify the duration of protective humoral immunity transferred by the ingestion of bovine and caprine colostrum. Sixty newborn goat kids were allocated into six treatment groups: T 0 (n=25), non-restricted natural ingestion of goat colostrum; T 1 (n=7), bovine colostrum from birth to two hours postpartum; T 2 (n=7), bovine colostrum ingestion between four to six hours after birth; T 3 (n=7), milk intake until the first eight hours and bovine colostrum administration between 10 to 12 hours postpartum; T 4 (n=7), milk ingestion for the first 18 hours and bovine colostrum ingestion between 22 and 24 hours after birth; T 5 (n=7), milk administration until 30 hours and bovine colostrum intake between 34 to 36 hours postpartum. The total protein (TP), gammaglobulin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) serum concentrations were determined. At birth all neonates presented lower values of the variables, with significant increase of TP and gammaglobulin at two days in groups T 0, T 1 and T 2, IgG and GGT increased in all groups. The treatments T 3, T 4 and T 5 were considered to induce failure of immunity passive transfer. The absorption of macromolecules by kid's intestinal tract occurred until 36 hours postpartum, with better effectiveness until 12 hours. Antibody levels persist up to 75 days after bovine colostrum intake, but at this time their low concentrations doesn't provide adequate protection.

Período de absorção intestinal de macromoléculas em cabritos recém-nascidos após a ingestão de colostro bovino / Macromolecules intestinal absorption period of goat kids after bovine colostrum intake

Após o nascimento, os cabritos são dependentes das imunoglobulinas colostrais devido às características placentárias que não permitem a passagem de macromoléculas da circulação materna. De acordo com a literatura, os cabritos possuem capacidade absortiva por até quatro dias. Muitos aspectos fisiológicos de outras espécies são aceitos e utilizados para caprinos, mas aqueles relacionados à transferência de imunidade passiva precisam de investigação. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram determinar o período de passagem de macromoléculas da mucosa intestinal para a circulação e a duração da proteção humoral transferida passivamente pela ingestão de colostro bovino e caprino. Sessenta cabritos recém-nascidos foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos: T 0 (n=25), ingestão natural de colostro caprino à vontade; T 1 (n=7), colostro bovino entre o nascimento e duas horas pós-parto; T 2 (n=7), ingestão de colostro bovino entre quatro e seis horas pós-nascimento; T 3 (n=7), leite nas primeiras oito horas e colostro bovino entre 10 e 12 horas pós-parto; T 4 (n=7), ingestão de leite até 18 horas e colostro bovino entre 22 e 24 horas pós-nascimento; T 5 (n=7), leite até 30 horas e ingestão de colostro bovino entre 34 e 36 horas pós-parto.(AU)

After birth goat kids are dependent of colostrum immunoglobulins due to placental characteristics that don't allow macromolecules passage from dam's circulation. According to literature goat kids have colostrum immunoglobulin absorption capability for up to four days. Many physiological aspects of other species have been accepted and used for goats, but those related to passive immunity transference needs more investigation. The goals of the present study was to determine the period of macromolecules passage through gut wall to circulation until 36 hours postpartum and verify the duration of protective humoral immunity transferred by the ingestion of bovine and caprine colostrum. Sixty newborn goat kids were allocated into six treatment groups: T 0 (n=25), non-restricted natural ingestion of goat colostrum; T 1 (n=7), bovine colostrum from birth to two hours postpartum; T 2 (n=7), bovine colostrum ingestion between four to six hours after birth; T 3 (n=7), milk intake until the first eight hours and bovine colostrum administration between 10 to 12 hours postpartum; T 4 (n=7), milk ingestion for the first 18 hours and bovine colostrum ingestion between 22 and 24 hours after birth; T 5 (n=7), milk administration until 30 hours and bovine colostrum intake between 34 to 36 hours postpartum. (AU)

High admission levels of γ-glutamyltransferase predict poor myocardial perfusion after primary percutaneous intervention

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between admission levels of serum y-glutamyltransferase and poor myocardial perfusion after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction. INTRODUCTION: Reperfusion injury caused by free radical release and increased oxidative stress is responsible for the pathophysiology of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Serum ϒ-glutamyltransferase is an established marker of increased oxidative stress. METHODS: The study population consisted of 80 patients (64 men and 16 women, mean age = 67.5 + 6.6 years) with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 0/1 flow pre-procedurally. The patients were divided into two groups according to thrombolysis in myocardial perfusion grades that were assessed immediately following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The two groups (group 1 and group 2) each consisted of 40 patients with thrombolysis in myocardial perfusion grades 0-1 and thrombolysis in myocardial perfusion grades 2-3, respectively. RESULTS: Admission pain to balloon time, ϒ-glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels of group 1 patients were significantly higher than those of group 2 patients. Pain to balloon time, ϒ-glutamyltransferase, peak creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, low left ventricular ejection fraction and poor pre-procedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade were significantly associated with poor myocardial perfusion by univariate analysis. However, only pain to balloon time and ϒ-glutamyltransferase levels showed a significant independent association with poor myocardial perfusion by backward logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated as 4.92 for pain to balloon time and 1.13 for ϒ-glutamyltransferase. CONCLUSION: High admission ϒ-glutamyltransferase levels are associated with poor myocardial perfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, particularly in patients with prolonged pain to balloon time.

Comportamento de componentes bioquímicos do sangue em equinos submetidos à ozonioterapia / Profile of blood biochemistry components in horses treated with ozone therapy

O comportamento de constituintes bioquímicos sanguíneos (glicose, fibrinogênio, creatina fosfoquinase e gama-glutamiltransferase) foi monitorado, in vivo, em 12 equinos mestiços (seis machos e seis fêmeas), com idade entre 4 e 20 anos, submetidos à ozonioterapia. O tratamento foi realizado mediante administração de 500 ou 1000mL da mistura de oxigênio-ozônio (O2-O3) por via intravenosa, a cada três dias, durante 24 dias. Os equinos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: MT500 constituído por três machos tratados com 500mL; MT1000 por três machos tratados com 1000mL; FT500, por três fêmeas tratadas com 500mL e FT1000, por três fêmeas tratadas com 1000mL. A ozonioterapia por via intravenosa não ocasionou alterações clínicas nos equinos. Os valores médios mínimos e máximos de glicose, fibrinogênio, creatina fosfoquinase e gama-glutamiltransferase mantiveram-se dentro dos limites de referência para a espécie equina. Houve diminuição nas concentrações da glicose e gama-glutamiltransferase ao longo dos períodos de aplicação e aumento nos valores do fibrinogênio. A creatina fosfoquinase não sofreu efeito do tratamento.

The profile of blood biochemistry variables (glucose, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, and gamma glutamyltransferase) was in vivo monitored in 12 crossbred horses (six males and six females), aging from four to 20-years-old treated with ozone therapy. Treatments were carried out by applying 500 or 1000mL of the mixture oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) via intravenous route, every three days, during 24 days. Horses were assigned to four groups: MT500 (three males given 500mL), MT1000 (three males given 1000mL), FT500 (three females given 500mL) and FT1000 (three females given 1000mL). Ozone therapy by intravenous route caused no clinical changes in the horses. Minimum and maximum mean values of glucose, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, and gamma glutamyltransferase were within the range considered as normal reference for the equine species. There was decrease in glucose and gamma glutamyltransferase concentrations over the period of application, whereas fibrinogen increased and creatine phosphokinase was not affected by the treatment.

Comportamento de componentes bioquímicos do sangue em equinos submetidos à ozonioterapia / Profile of blood biochemistry components in horses treated with ozone therapy

O comportamento de constituintes bioquímicos sanguíneos (glicose, fibrinogênio, creatina fosfoquinase e gama-glutamiltransferase) foi monitorado, in vivo, em 12 equinos mestiços (seis machos e seis fêmeas), com idade entre 4 e 20 anos, submetidos à ozonioterapia. O tratamento foi realizado mediante administração de 500 ou 1000mL da mistura de oxigênio-ozônio (O2-O3) por via intravenosa, a cada três dias, durante 24 dias. Os equinos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: MT500 constituído por três machos tratados com 500mL; MT1000 por três machos tratados com 1000mL; FT500, por três fêmeas tratadas com 500mL e FT1000, por três fêmeas tratadas com 1000mL. A ozonioterapia por via intravenosa não ocasionou alterações clínicas nos equinos. Os valores médios mínimos e máximos de glicose, fibrinogênio, creatina fosfoquinase e gama-glutamiltransferase mantiveram-se dentro dos limites de referência para a espécie equina. Houve diminuição nas concentrações da glicose e gama-glutamiltransferase ao longo dos períodos de aplicação e aumento nos valores do fibrinogênio. A creatina fosfoquinase não sofreu efeito do tratamento.(AU)

The profile of blood biochemistry variables (glucose, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, and gamma glutamyltransferase) was in vivo monitored in 12 crossbred horses (six males and six females), aging from four to 20-years-old treated with ozone therapy. Treatments were carried out by applying 500 or 1000mL of the mixture oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) via intravenous route, every three days, during 24 days. Horses were assigned to four groups: MT500 (three males given 500mL), MT1000 (three males given 1000mL), FT500 (three females given 500mL) and FT1000 (three females given 1000mL). Ozone therapy by intravenous route caused no clinical changes in the horses. Minimum and maximum mean values of glucose, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, and gamma glutamyltransferase were within the range considered as normal reference for the equine species. There was decrease in glucose and gamma glutamyltransferase concentrations over the period of application, whereas fibrinogen increased and creatine phosphokinase was not affected by the treatment.(AU)

Acompanhamento laboratorial da função renal de cães sadios tratados experimentalmente com doses terapêuticas de anfotericina B

The objective of this experiment was to assess the renal function of ten healthy male adult dogs submitted to therapeutic doses of amphotericin B, whose use has been limited due to its high nephrotoxic potential, as well as to evaluate the more sensitive and early method to diagnose kidney lesions. The renal function was evaluated through daily urinalysis, fractioned excretion of sodium and potassium, serum concentration of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). It was concluded that amphotericin b provokes lesions in both proximal and distal tubules, inducing type I renal tubular acidosis and nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus in dogs. Renal function evaluation, preferably by serum creatinine, BUN and potassium dosage is recommended before each drug application. Urinalysis proved to diagnose kidney lesions in its earliest stage through a modification of the density parameters. Urinary GGT was not effective as an earliest diagnose kidney lesions caused by amphotericin B.

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a função renal de dez cães adultos saudáveis submetidos à administração de doses terapêuticas do antifúngico anfotericina B, cuja utilização tem sido limitada pelo seu elevado potencial nefrotóxico, e avaliar o método laboratorial mais sensível e precoce de diagnóstico de lesão renal. Foram realizadas, diariamente, urinálise, excreção fracionada de sódio e potássio, dosagem sérica de creatinina e uréia e atividade urinária de gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT). Concluiu-se que a anfotericina B provoca lesões nos túbulos proximal e distal, induzindo acidose tubular renal do tipo I e Diabetes insipidus nefrogênico em cães. Avaliação da função renal, preferencialmente por dosagens de creatinina, uréia e potássio séricos, é recomendada antes de cada aplicação do fármaco. A densidade urinária foi o parâmetro mais precocemente alterado pela lesão renal. A GGT urinária não foi eficaz para o diagnóstico precoce de lesão induzida por anfotericina B.

Acompanhamento laboratorial da função renal de cães sadios tratados experimentalmente com doses terapêuticas de anfotericina B

The objective of this experiment was to assess the renal function of ten healthy male adult dogs submitted to therapeutic doses of amphotericin B, whose use has been limited due to its high nephrotoxic potential, as well as to evaluate the more sensitive and early method to diagnose kidney lesions. The renal function was evaluated through daily urinalysis, fractioned excretion of sodium and potassium, serum concentration of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). It was concluded that amphotericin b provokes lesions in both proximal and distal tubules, inducing type I renal tubular acidosis and nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus in dogs. Renal function evaluation, preferably by serum creatinine, BUN and potassium dosage is recommended before each drug application. Urinalysis proved to diagnose kidney lesions in its earliest stage through a modification of the density parameters. Urinary GGT was not effective as an earliest diagnose kidney lesions caused by amphotericin B.

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a função renal de dez cães adultos saudáveis submetidos à administração de doses terapêuticas do antifúngico anfotericina B, cuja utilização tem sido limitada pelo seu elevado potencial nefrotóxico, e avaliar o método laboratorial mais sensível e precoce de diagnóstico de lesão renal. Foram realizadas, diariamente, urinálise, excreção fracionada de sódio e potássio, dosagem sérica de creatinina e uréia e atividade urinária de gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT). Concluiu-se que a anfotericina B provoca lesões nos túbulos proximal e distal, induzindo acidose tubular renal do tipo I e Diabetes insipidus nefrogênico em cães. Avaliação da função renal, preferencialmente por dosagens de creatinina, uréia e potássio séricos, é recomendada antes de cada aplicação do fármaco. A densidade urinária foi o parâmetro mais precocemente alterado pela lesão renal. A GGT urinária não foi eficaz para o diagnóstico precoce de lesão induzida por anfotericina B.

Alterações hepáticas em trabalhadores de uma refinaria de petróleo e em uma população de referência no Estado da Bahia, Brasil / Liver changes in workers at an oil refinery and in a reference population in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Objetivo. Determinar a prevalência de alterações nas enzimas hepáticas de trabalhadores de uma refinaria de petróleo localizada no Estado da Bahia em comparação a uma população de referência não ocupacionalmente exposta a produtos químicos, e descrever os fatores associados à variação nessa prevalência. Método. Foram avaliados os trabalhadores da refinaria e os funcionários do escritório da gerência administrativa da empresa, situada em Salvador, capital do Estado da Bahia. Estudaram-se amostras de sangue de 692 trabalhadores da refinaria e de 377 trabalhadores da população de referência. Classificaram-se como casos de alterações hepáticas indivíduos que apresentaram valo res acima dos padrões de referência simultaneamente para gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT) (> 50 U/L para o sexo masculino e > 32 U/L para o sexo feminino) e alanina aminotrans ferase (ALT) (> 50 U/L). Foram coletadas informações sobre idade, sexo, peso, altura, tempo de serviço, uso de álcool, hábito de fumar, exercício físico, exposição ocupacional a produtos químicos, uso de equipamento de proteção individual e antecedentes médicos de hepatite, icterícia e obesidade. Resultados. A prevalência de alterações hepáticas na refinaria foi de 15,3% (IC95%: 12,5 a 18,1), contra 3,8% (IC95%: 1,8 a 5,8) na população de referência. A análise de regressão logística múltipla estimou que os trabalhadores da refinaria apresentavam uma prevalência de alterações hepáticas 3,56 vezes maior (IC95%: 1,99 a 6,38) do que a prevalência observada na população de referência, independentemente de outras covariáveis relevantes, como obesidade, prática de exercícios físicos, fumo e bebida alcoólica. Conclusões. Os resultados sugerem que a exposição ocupacional desempenha um papel importante na determinação das alterações hepáticas nos trabalhadores dessa refinaria de petróleo

Objective. To determine the prevalence of liver changes in workers at an oil refinery located in the state of Bahia, Brazil, as compared to a reference population with no occupational exposure to chemical products, and to describe the factors associated with the observed differences in prevalence. Methods. We studied workers at the refinery and at the company's central management office located in the city of Salvador, which is the state capital. Blood samples of 692 refinery workers and 377 workers from the reference population were analyzed. Cases were defined as individuals presenting high serum levels of both gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (GGT > 50 U/L for males and > 32 U/L for females; ALT > 50 U/L). Data were collected on age, sex, weight, height, years working for the company, use of alcohol, smoking habits, physical exercise, occupational exposure to chemical products, use of personal safety equipment, and medical history of hepatitis, jaundice, and obesity. Results. The prevalence of liver changes among refinery workers was 15.3% (95% CI: 12.5 to 18.1), vs. 3.8% (95% CI: 1,8 to 5,8) in the reference population. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of liver changes among refinery workers was 3.56 times greater (95% CI: 1,99 to 6,38) than in the reference population, regardless of the presence of other relevant co-variables, such as obesity, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Conclusions. These results suggest that occupational exposure may play a major role in the development of liver changes among workers at the oil refinery where the study was carried out

Variação da concentração de imunoglobulinas G e M, de proteína total e suas frações eletroforéticas e da atividade da gamaglutamiltransferase no soro sangüíneo de vacas holandesas, antes e após o parto

In an attempt to determine proteinogram and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) dynamics from cows before and after parturition, 26 Holstein cows were studied from prepartum to 180 days postpartum. At parturition cows showed lower seric protein concentration, albumin and beta globulin, and G and M immunoglobulin than during gestation period and after parturition. From nine to 180 days after parturition it was observed an incerase of these constituents. The gestation and pre and postpartum did not influence the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase.

Com o objetivo de determinar a dinâmica do proteinograma sangüíneo e da atividade enzimática da gamaglutamiltransferase sérica de vacas antes e após o parto, foram utilizadas 26 vacas do período pré-parto até 180 dias após o parto, todas da raça Holandesa. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as vacas, no momento do parto, apresentam menores concentrações séricas de proteína total, das frações albumina e betaglobulina, bem como de imunoglobulinas G e M, do que nos períodos ante e pós-parto, apresentando, a partir dos nove dias pós-parto, elevação gradativa desses constituintes até os 180 dias após o parto. Não houve diferença na atividade da enzima gamaglutamiltransferase nos momentos estudados.