Humanizing Different Archetypal Expressions of Gender Expansiveness.

This article explores the concept of gender expansiveness. This term refers to a person's self-identifying as gender fluid, genderqueer, transgender, non-binary, gender diverse, or gender nonconforming. Young people, including older children and adolescents, increasingly are experimenting with crossing gender lines. This trend can be understood as a sociocultural process for humanizing more terrifying archetypal forms of gender diversity. Using Henderson's (1988) concept of the cultural unconscious, the author posits that current social developments among youth are attempting to bring gender expansiveness more into collective consciousness. This issue has occasioned a strong counterreaction with panicked appeals to upholding traditional gender norms and needing restrictions on gender-affirming care. Examples from myth, literature and clinical practice help to contextualize the intense emotions aroused by gender diversity. A case example shows how gender fantasies are worked through within an empathic analytic relationship. The author makes an appeal for updating and humanizing older psychological theories that have relied heavily on splits, polarities, and oppositions, all of which are more characteristic of a 20th century way of thinking about the psyche. A potential approach to incorporate gender expansiveness is through a model of the psyche as a mosaic.

Cet article explore le concept d'expansivité du genre. Ce terme fait référence à l'auto­identification d'une personne comme étant de genre fluide, genderqueer, transgenre, non binaire, de genre divers ou ne se conformant pas au genre. Les jeunes, y compris les grands enfants et les adolescents, expérimentent de plus en plus le franchissement des frontières entre les genres. Cette tendance peut être comprise comme un processus socioculturel visant à humaniser des formes archétypales plus terrifiantes de diversité de genre. En utilisant le concept de l'inconscient culturel de Henderson, l'auteur postule que les développements sociaux actuels chez les jeunes tentent d'amener l'expansivité du genre dans la conscience collective. Cette question a provoqué une forte contre­réaction; des exhortations paniquées au respect des normes de genre traditionnelles et à la nécessité de restrictions concernant les soins d'affirmation de genre. Des exemples tirés des mythes, de la littérature et de la pratique clinique aident à contextualiser les émotions intenses suscitées par la diversité des genres. Un exemple de cas montre comment les fantasmes de genre sont travaillés dans le cadre d'une relation analytique empathique. L'auteur lance un appel à la mise à jour et à l'humanisation des anciennes théories psychologiques qui se sont fortement appuyées sur des divisions, des polarités et des oppositions, et qui sont toutes caractéristiques d'une façon de penser la psyché au XXe siècle. Une approche potentielle pour intégrer l'expansivité du genre consiste à utiliser un modèle de la psyché en tant que mosaïque.

Este artículo explora el concepto de expansividad de género. Este término se refiere a la identificación de una persona como género fluido, género queer, transgénero, no­binario, género diverso o inconformidad de género. Los jóvenes, incluyendo niños mayores y adolescentes, están experimentando de manera creciente el cruzar las fronteras de género. Esta tendencia puede entenderse como un proceso sociocultural de humanización de las formas arquetípicas más aterradoras de la diversidad de género. Utilizando el concepto de Henderson del inconsciente cultural, el autor postula que los actuales desarrollos sociales entre los jóvenes intentan traer más a la consciencia colectiva, la expansividad de género. Esta cuestión ha provocado una fuerte reacción en contra, apelando al mantenimiento de las normas de género tradicionales junto a la necesidad de restringir las prácticas de cuidado dirigidas a la afirmación de género. Ejemplos de mitos, literatura y práctica clínica ayudan a contextualizar las intensas emociones que despierta la diversidad de género. Un caso clínico muestra cómo las fantasías de género pueden ser trabajadas en una relación analítica empática. El autor invita a actualizar y humanizar las antiguas teorías psicológicas que se han basado en gran medida en escisiones, polaridades y oposiciones, todas ellas más características de una forma de pensar la psique propia del siglo XX. Un enfoque potencial para incorporar la expansividad de género es a través de un modelo de la psique a modo de un mosaico.

The use of peritoneum in female genital gender-affirming surgery: A systematic review.

Genital gender-affirming surgery (GAS) plays a crucial role in alleviating psychological discomfort and assisting transgender patients in achieving their transition goals. One of the most common procedures for primary genital reconstruction in transwomen is penile inversion vaginoplasty. But it presents a risk of vaginal stenosis and limited depth, particularly in cases with inadequate penile and scrotal tissue. This limitation becomes more relevant as transgender individuals increasingly seek early hormone therapy and puberty blockade. We conducted a literature review focusing on studies published between 2000 and 2022 to explore the application of peritoneal vaginoplasty, a technique primarily used in cisgender women with congenital vaginal agenesis, to address these challenges in transwomen. Data were extracted from 13 selected articles reporting 313 patients who underwent peritoneal vaginoplasty. Peritoneal vaginoplasty was found to offer advantages in terms of neovaginal depth and width, with an average depth of 13.8cm and width of 3.5cm. Patient reporting satisfaction rates for sexual intercourse and dilatation achievement were high, with 96.2% and 94.4% respectively. The technique did not result in an increased rate of complications compared to traditional penile inversion vaginoplasty. This review suggests that peritoneal vaginoplasty could be consider first for transwomen genital GAS, especially in cases with limited penile tissue. The well-vascularized peritoneum provides tissue with regenerative capacities and reduces the risk of stenosis. Moreover, peritoneum remains unaffected by hormonal treatments and allows deep enough neovaginal canals. This method is safe and does not lead to increased complications compared to traditional techniques.

The impact of different music genres on pain tolerance: emphasizing the significance of individual music genre preferences.

Music is a promising (adjunctive) treatment for both acute and chronic pain, reducing the need for pharmacological analgesics and their side effects. Yet, little is known about the effect of different types of music. Hence, we investigated the efficacy of five music genres (Urban, Electronic, Classical, Rock and Pop) on pain tolerance. In this parallel randomized experimental study, we conducted a cold pressor test in healthy volunteers (n = 548). The primary outcome was pain tolerance, measured in seconds. No objective (tolerance time) or subjective (pain intensity and unpleasantness) differences were found among the five genres. Multinomial logistic regression showed that overall genre preference positively influenced pain tolerance. In contrast, the music genres that participants thought would help for pain relief did not. Our study was the first to investigate pain tolerance at genre level and in the context of genre preference without self-selecting music. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that listening to a favored music genre has a significant positive influence on pain tolerance, irrespective of the kind of genre. Our results emphasize the importance of individual music (genre) preference when looking at the analgesic benefits of music. This should be considered when implementing music in the clinical setting.

Psychoanalysis in Extension: Can the Conference as a Genre Be Properly Psychoanalytic?

This reflection problematizes the notion and practice of the psychoanalytic conference, a genre that, while useful, also embodies deadness. By first reminding what is at stake in conferences as usually staged-readings of texts-the reflection is focused on what is at stake in the prospect of psychoanalytic conferences that function psychoanalytically. Using an event he helped imagine and execute as both a matrix of thinking and a source of examples, the author examines the challenges and potentials of new forms of participation, co-existence, and exchange in the psychoanalytic field.

Rigdelet neural network and improved partial reinforcement effect optimizer for music genre classification from sound spectrum images.

In this paper, a new approach has been introduced for classifying the music genres. The proposed approach involves transforming an audio signal into a unified representation known as a sound spectrum, from which texture features have been extracted using an enhanced Rigdelet Neural Network (RNN). Additionally, the RNN has been optimized using an improved version of the partial reinforcement effect optimizer (IPREO) that effectively avoids local optima and enhances the RNN's generalization capability. The GTZAN dataset has been utilized in experiments to assess the effectiveness of the proposed RNN/IPREO model for music genre classification. The results show an impressive accuracy of 92 % by incorporating a combination of spectral centroid, Mel-spectrogram, and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) as features. This performance significantly outperformed K-Means (58 %) and Support Vector Machines (up to 68 %). Furthermore, the RNN/IPREO model outshined various deep learning architectures such as Neural Networks (65 %), RNNs (84 %), CNNs (88 %), DNNs (86 %), VGG-16 (91 %), and ResNet-50 (90 %). It is worth noting that the RNN/IPREO model was able to achieve comparable results to well-known deep models like VGG-16, ResNet-50, and RNN-LSTM, sometimes even surpassing their scores. This highlights the strength of its hybrid CNN-Bi-directional RNN design in conjunction with the IPREO parameter optimization algorithm for extracting intricate and sequential auditory data.

French validation of the oMtFSFI Questionnaire for assessing the sexual function of Transgender women after vulvo-vaginoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: The Operated Male-to-Female Sexual Function Index (oMtFSFI) questionnaire is the first scoring system developed to assess sexual function after gender-affirming vulvo-vaginoplasty, and was initially developed and validated in Italian. The aim of this study was to provide linguistic validation of the questionnaire in French through several steps including use of the questionnaires across a series of patients who had undergone gender-affirming vulvo-vaginoplasty between 2020 and 2022 at two French academic centers. METHOD: The French version of the oMtFSFI questionnaire was obtained through a double translation (Italian to French) and a back-translation (French to Italian), validated by a scientific committee, and cognitively assessed by a panel of expert patients. The questionnaire was then distributed to transgender male to female patients who had undergone genital gender affirming surgery at two French academic centers. RESULTS: The oMtFSFI score consists of 18 questions exploring 7 domains (genital self-image, desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, sexual pain). Among the sixty-four patients who responded to the questionnaire, 16 patients (25%) reported abstaining from sexual activity involving vaginal penetration at the time of the study were excluded. The mean total score was 37, corresponding to mild to moderate sexual dysfunction and 60.4% of the patients reported normal overall sexual function. The level of sexual satisfaction was normal for 68.8% of the patients and the genital self-image was normal for 52.1%. Most of the patients (79.2%) reported at least mild dyspareunia and 10.4% had critical sexual dysfunction. Surgery improved gender dysphoria in 96.7% of patients. There was a strong correlation between the overall oMtFSFI score and the happiness Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (P<0.001) as well as with the quality of life VAS (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The French version of the oMtFSFI questionnaire is the only scoring system specifically developed to assess sexual function after vulvo-vaginoplasty in transgender women linguistically validated in French. Its validation in French language makes it an interesting tool for research and clinical practice.

[Advanced Surgical Techniques in Forehead Feminization and Hairline Redefinition]. / Techniques chirurgicales avancées dans la féminisation du front et la redéfinition de la ligne des cheveux chez les patientes transgenres.

Facial Gender-Affirming Surgery (FGAS) has emerged as a transformative option for individuals who wish to align their external appearance with their asserted gender identity. This article delves into the surgical techniques employed in forehead feminization and hairline redefinition, highlighting the nuanced approaches used to modify specific facial characteristics to achieve the desired feminizing outcomes. Our extensive experience, encompassing over 2300 forehead feminization surgeries conducted over the past 16 years, provides a robust foundation for understanding the complexities and intricacies of these procedures. This knowledge is crucial for maxillofacial and plastic surgeons, as well as other healthcare professionals involved in comprehensive gender-affirming care, ensuring they are well-equipped to deliver optimal results for their patients.

[Effects of gender on pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes in patients with COPD]. / Impact du genre sur les effets de la réadaptation respiratoire chez les patients atteints de BPCO.

INTRODUCTION: COPD has become more prevalent among women, revealing a specific feminine phenotype. Women experience greater dyspnea and a more impaired quality of life. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of gender on dyspnea during a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP). METHODS: Retrospective study including COPD patients having participated in PRPs. The following data were analyzed according to gender before and after a PRP: dyspnea, quality of life, anxiety and depression, exercise capacity, muscle function (quadriceps and inspiratory muscles). RESULTS: More than 500 patients (252 men and 252 women) were included. We did not find a significant effect of gender on the evolution of dyspnea, anxiety or depressive disorders, exercise capacity, inspiratory muscle strength, or overall quality of life score. That said, we found a possible effect on the sub-scores of the quality of life questionnaire, and regarding quadriceps strength. All criteria improved during the program in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: During a PRP, gender does not impact the evolution of dyspnea. While women may nonetheless benefit to a greater extent in terms of quality of life sub-scores (impact, activities, symptoms) and quadriceps strength, these results still require confirmation.

Barriers for pregnancy and perceptions of gender discrimination of urologists in training in France: Results of a national survey.

INTRODUCTION: Gender discrimination seems more prevalent in surgery than other medical specialties. In addition, female urologists are more likely to have obstetric complications and to be discouraged from starting a family during training. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of perceived gender discrimination and barriers for pregnancy during fellowship, among French urology residents and fellows. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The French Association of Urologists in Training performed a national online survey between August and September 2022. Participants were assured that their participation was anonymous. Respondents were questioned on demographics, gender discrimination and on pregnancy barriers during fellowship. RESULTS: In total, 153 members answered the questionnaire out of the 427 members of the association (36%), among which 75 women (49%). Thirty nine percent of the female respondents found that their gender was a barrier in their career advancement, versus 1% of the male (P<0.0001). Forty female respondents (53%) perceived that female urologists earned less respect than their male counterparts versus 22% of the male (P<0.0001). Among the female respondents, 19 (25%) have felt that it would not be possible to become pregnant at the time they would have wanted it and 7 (9%) reported having already been threatened to lose a fellowship position in case of a pregnancy. CONCLUSION: This survey found a high prevalence of gender discrimination among French urologists in training, perceived in majority by women. Female urologists perceived obstacles and received threats when wanting to become pregnant during their training.

A hidden population: A rhetorical genre analysis of the posts in the Baidu depression community.

Since its beginning in the 1980s, the mental health rhetoric research (MHRR) has explored the rhetorical construction of mental illness from a genre perspective. Despite a growing body of research on the rhetorical study of mental health in the West, the discourse of depression has been rarely explored in the Chinese context. This study investigates a corpus of 3217 posts in the Baidu depression community in China with an attempt to identify typical rhetorical features of the posts in the depression community as a genre. We intend, through an exploration of the exigences, social actions, and consequences of the posts, to facilitate a better understanding of the depressed population in China. We argue that the social exigences for the posts in online depression communities can be regarded as a failure of the rhetorical environment in real life and that expressing emotions, exchanging information, establishing interpersonal relationships, and communicating across spatiotemporal boundaries are the typified social actions performed by the posts in the Baidu depression community. Moreover, as a genre, the posts have successfully created an ambience of collective intimacy. Taken together, the findings shed light on the rhetorical study of depression in China.

[The place and function of the gender of child psychiatric carers]. / Place et fonction du genre des soignants en pédopsychiatrie.

In a child psychiatry unit, where it is said that men are reassuring and women are mothering, the group experience of carers on the function of their gender in child care was explored. Gender is relevant to institutional care, but creates a divide. Representations focus on fear, sexuality, violence and fragility. Caregivers, ambivalent about neutralising gender, suffer from representations of what it does to children and to the institution.

The impact of genre-based instruction on Saudi university students' English writing performance and motivation: a mixed-method study.

Despite the important role motivation plays in students' writing learning and development, not much attention has been given to experimenting particular instructional techniques for developing students' writing motivation. One of the least researched teaching techniques in writing motivation studies is genre-based instruction. In this study, we examined the impact of genre-based instruction on 21 Saudi university students' English argumentative and classification essay writing performance and their writing motivation dimensions (writing apprehension, anxiety, self-efficacy and self-concept). Drawing upon the quasi-experimental research design and non-random sampling technique, we used genre-based instruction with a representative intact class of English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) writing students at a Saudi university. To examine the potential impact of the treatment, we collected pre- and post-instruction data, along with data gathered through an open-ended questionnaire. The results showed that genre-based instruction has contributed significantly to improving the students' writing performance and also their writing motivation dimensions. These positive gains varied from one writing quality aspect and motivational variable to another. The students' answers to the open-ended questionnaire also showed the positive writing learning and motivation improvements they experienced. It is generally concluded that developing students' language and rhetorical awareness and text composition performance seems to be a prerequisite for improving their writing motivation levels. The paper ends with discussing the implications of the results.

Suicidal thoughts and behavior of adolescents with depression in Reunion Island - evolution before and after the initial Covid-19 lockdown.

BACKGROUND: The number of patients consulting with suicidal thoughts and behavior in the health care centers have increased since the Covid-19 pandemic. This increase has been particularly important among adolescents. Most often these patients are diagnosed with anxiety or depressive symptoms. We only have a limited amount of information on depression and STB in adolescents since epidemiological monitoring in health care institutions is based on computerized coding derived from ICD-10. This coding system is very specific for the different forms of depression yet fails to provide accurate coding for suicidal thoughts and behavior. The objectives of this study were to compare the numbers of adolescents with depression who were admitted with suicidal thoughts and behavior before and after the initial Covid-19 lockdown and to highlight possible gender disparities. METHODS: Patients' medical charts for this retrospective research were obtained from the Department of Adolescent Psychiatry at the University Hospital Centre of Reunion Island, manually screened, and then analyzed. We included all adolescents diagnosed with depression who had had their first consultation between January 1, 2019 and July 31, 2021. The number of patients presenting suicidal thoughts, self-harm and suicide attempts were compared before and after the initial Covid-19 lockdown. RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty-one adolescents diagnosed with depression participated in the study (33.5% males, 66.5% females). Their average age was 16 (SD=1.7). The number of admitted patients increased from 9 to 16 new adolescents with depression and STB each month between the period before and after the first lockdown, with a large proportion of female patients (increase of 74.1%). CONCLUSION: This study showed an increase in the number of adolescents consulting for suicidal thoughts or behavior in an adolescent psychiatry department in Reunion Island after the initial Covid-19 lockdown. They were mainly female. This increase has strained an already overburdened mental health system by doubling the number of adolescents that each health care provider has had to help which increases the risk of inadequate care by rapidly increasing the workload but with constant resources.

Pandemic Forms.

Narrative structures, though invisible to the naked eye, guide our understanding of pandemics. Like curves and graphs, we can plot them, identify their patterns and organizing principles. These structures act upon our understanding of social and biological events just as much as the rhythms of viral replication and mutation. They order not only themselves but also social and health outcomes. This essay uses narrative precision to expand beyond Charles Rosenberg's influential dramaturgic model and develops new pandemic forms, scaled from the level of an individual line break to the multi-part series: Arc, a form of sequence. Cycle, a form of repetition. Sequel, a form of elongation. Caesura, a form of break. It investigates the potentialities and limitations of these forms, how they intersect, collide, and contradict, and how analysis of these interactions contributes to a deeper understanding of pandemics, their effects, and the diverse perspectives defining their structures. In doing so, it prototypes how literary methods offer conceptual frameworks for pandemic historiography and how a transdisciplinary, medical humanities analysis produces novel understandings at the intersection of health, culture, and society.

De devenires subjetivantes y capturas identitarias en las adolescencias. Sobre la construcción de las diversidades sexuales y de género / Of subjectivating becomings and identity captures in adolescence. On the construction of sexual and gender / Sur les évolutions subjectives et les captures identitaires à l'adolescence. Sur la construction des diversités sexuelles et de genre / Sobre desenvolvimentos subjetivos e capturas de identidade na adolescência. Sobre a construção das diversidades sexuais e de género

La posibilidad de la articulación conceptual de las preguntas que nos atraviesan, proviene y se sostiene de las prácticas que ejercemos, es desde mi propia clínica que voy a plantear algunas ideas que vengo pensando en relación a ¿cómo se despliegan actualmente, en el análisis de algunos adolescentes, la construcción de las diversidades sexuales y de género? A veces e presentan como oportunidades subjetivantes y otras como capturas identitarias que quedan en ocasiones adheridas a etiquetas diagnósticas. Hace tiempo que insisto en una designación que considero pertinente y que permite ubicarse en la clínica de nuestros tiempos: la de Adolescencias Complejas. No porque haya algunas que lo son y otras que no, sino como una puesta en valor de la noción de complejidad, imprescindible para comprender la clínica actual AU

The possibility of conceptual articulation of the questions that cross us comes from and is sustained by the practices that we exercise. From my own clinic, I am going to raise some ideas that I have been thinking about in relation to how they are currently deployed, in the analysis ofsome adolescents, the construction of sexual and gender diversities? Sometimes they present themselves as subjectivizing opportunities, and other times as identity captures that sometimes remain attached to diagnostic labels.For some time now I have insisted on a designation that I consider pertinent and that allows us to place ourselves in the clinic of our times: Complex Adolescence. Not because there are some that are and others that are not, but as an enhancement of the notion of complexity, essential to understand current clinical practice AU

La possibilité d'une articulation conceptuelle des questions qui nous traversent vient et est soutenue par les pratiques que nous exerçons depuis ma propre clinique, je vais évoquer quelques idées auxquelles j'ai réfléchi par rapport à la manière dont elles se déploient actuellement, dans l'analyse de certains adolescents, la construction des diversités sexuelles et de genre? Parfois, ils se présentent comme des opportunités de subjectivation, et d'autres fois comme des captures d'identité qui restent parfois attachées à des étiquettes diagnostiques.Depuis quelques temps j'insiste sur une appellation que je considère pertinente et qui permet de se situer dans la clinique de notre époque:l'Adolescence Complexe. Non pas parce qu'il y en a qui le sont et d'autres qui ne le sont pas, mais comme une valorisation de la notion de complexité, essentielle pour comprendre la pratique clinique actuelle AU

A possibilidade de articulação conceitual das questões que nos atravessam advém e é sustentada pelas práticas que exercemos. Da minha própria clínica, vou levantar algumas ideias que tenho pensado em relação à forma como são implementadas atualmente, na análise de alguns adolescentes, a construção dasdiversidades sexuais e de gênero? Às vezes apresentam-se como oportunidades subjetivantes e outras vezes como capturas de identidade que por vezes permanecem ligadas a rótulos diagnósticos.Há já algum tempo que insisto numa designação que considero pertinente e que nos permite situar-nos na clínica do nosso tempo: Adolescência Complexa. Não porque há uns que o são e outros que não o são, mas como um reforço da noção de complexidade, essencial para a compreensão da prática clínica atual AU

Playing for keeps or just playing with emotion? Studying tilt and emotion regulation in video games.

Introduction: In video gaming, tilt is thought to relate to poor emotional control and game performance. Despite widespread recognition of tilt in video gaming, there is a lack of research examining tilt empirically. Methods: One thousand and seven gamers took part in our online study examining gamers experience of tilt, the factors which contribute to and protect against tilt, and the emotion regulation strategies gamers employ to deal with tilt. Results: Gamers who reported playing for more competitive reasons, were at higher risk of experiencing tilt. Additional factors associated with an increased risk of experiencing tilt were increased anger and more hours spent playing. Protective factors against experiencing tilt were also identified, inclusive of a greater number of years gaming experience and engagement in adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Discussion: This study provides an important starting point for creating a better understanding of tilt in gaming, equipping us with new knowledge to better support gamers to improve their emotion regulation during game play performance.

The Association between Residential Environment and Self-Rated Mental Health among Older Canadians: The Moderating Effects of Education and Gender.

This study examined the associations between residential environment and self-rated mental health (SRMH) among Canadians aged 65 or older (n = 16,304) and whether education and gender moderated the associations. Data came from the 2018 Canadian Housing Survey. Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to test the associations. Analyses revealed that increased dwelling size was associated with better SRMH among older women with high school education. Older adults with higher satisfaction with their dwelling design were more likely to report better SRMH, except for women with some college education. Feeling safer in the community was uniquely associated with better SRMH for men with high school education and women with a university degree. Results confirmed significant associations between specific home and residential environment features and SRMH for each gender-by-education group. Environmental programs designed to improve SRMH for older adult populations should consider within- and between-group diversity.

Housing Instability and Policy Considerations for Equitable Aging in Place in Canada.

BACKGROUND: In this article, we apply a gender-based analysis plus framework to research the housing experiences of older, low-income adults living and aging in Hamilton. Low-income older adults with intersectional identities are at risk of not aging in place due to marginalization and housing instability. OBJECTIVE: Policy currently homogenizes the experience of aging by sidelining intersectional factors that have a bearing on aging well in place. The research aims to develop policy recommendations to address this gap. METHODS: Several methods captured the housing experiences of low-income older adults, including interviews, participant observation, and arts-based techniques. FINDINGS: Findings illustrate how gender and intersectional factors shape both housing trajectories and agentive practices low-income adults utilize to try to age well and in place. These strategies encompass practicing cultural citizenship, which is a claim for inclusion when excluded from mainstream ideals of aging in place. DISCUSSION: We provide policy recommendations informed by participants' lived experiences aimed at promoting equitable aging in place as fundamental to full citizenship.

Computational kinematics of dance: distinguishing hip hop genres.

Dance plays a vital role in human societies across time and culture, with different communities having invented different systems for artistic expression through movement (genres). Differences between genres can be described by experts in words and movements, but these descriptions can only be appreciated by people with certain background abilities. Existing dance notation schemes could be applied to describe genre-differences, however they fall substantially short of being able to capture the important details of movement across a wide spectrum of genres. Our knowledge and practice around dance would benefit from a general, quantitative and human-understandable method of characterizing meaningful differences between aspects of any dance style; a computational kinematics of dance. Here we introduce and apply a novel system for encoding bodily movement as 17 macroscopic, interpretable features, such as expandedness of the body or the frequency of sharp movements. We use this encoding to analyze Hip Hop Dance genres, in part by building a low-cost machine-learning classifier that distinguishes genre with high accuracy. Our study relies on an open dataset (AIST++) of pose-sequences from dancers instructed to perform one of ten Hip Hop genres, such as Breakdance, Popping, or Krump. For comparison we evaluate moderately experienced human observers at discerning these sequence's genres from movements alone (38% where chance = 10%). The performance of a baseline, Ridge classifier model was fair (48%) and that of the model resulting from our automated machine learning pipeline was strong (76%). This indicates that the selected features represent important dimensions of movement for the expression of the attitudes, stories, and aesthetic values manifested in these dance forms. Our study offers a new window into significant relations of similarity and difference between the genres studied. Given the rich, complex, and culturally shaped nature of these genres, the interpretability of our features, and the lightweight techniques used, our approach has significant potential for generalization to other movement domains and movement-related applications.

The relationship between game genre, monetization strategy and symptoms of gaming disorder in a clinical sample of adolescents.

Background: Gaming disorder (GD) has been introduced as a new diagnosis in the International Classification of Disease 11 (ICD-11). Currently, there's limited understanding of how various video games may differentially contribute to the risk of developing GD. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between individuals' game genre preferences, their preferred games' monetization strategies, and GD Symptoms. Methods: A total of 85 patients undergoing treatment for GD at a child and youth psychiatric clinic were included in the study. Their preferred games were classified into five novel genres based on gameplay similarities and objectives, and further categorized based on their monetization strategy. Results: Symptom burden of GD, measured with Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA), was highest for those playing Free-to-Play (F2P) games and lowest for Pay-to-Play (P2P) players. Players of Competitive Games endorsed higher GD symptom burden, whereas players of Story-driven games reported lower GD symptom burden. Symptoms of GD were associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in males. Conclusions: This study reveals that game genre preference is influenced by sex, age, and certain psychiatric diagnoses. The categorizing of games into genres is increasingly complex and our research introduces a novel categorization in a developing research field. The result of this study suggests that the monetization model is important to consider while trying to understand the relationship between game characteristics and GD symptoms.