Una visión clínica de los síntomas psicóticos inducidos por sustancias en una sala de venopunción supervisada: Una década de experiencia / A clinical view of substance-induced psychotic symptoms in a supervised venipuncture room: A decade of experience

Introducción. Las salas de venopunción supervisadas (MSIR) son centros extremadamente importantes para las personas que usan drogas intravenosas (PWID), ya que las MSIR brindan un lugar sanitariamente seguro para el consumo de sustancias psicoativas ilícitas, teniendo un impacto importante en las tasas de sobredosis y las infecciones virales transmitidas por vía sanguínea. Métodos. Descripción de los síntomas psicóticos inducidos observados en una MSIR y su relación con la sustancia utilizada. El análisis se realizó con datos recopilados entre el 01/01/2009 y el 31/08/2021. Resultados. Se registraron 3731 autoinyecciones (68,7% heroína, 29,1% cocaína, 2,1% speedball y 0,2% otra sustancia) durante el período estudiado. Los síntomas psicóticos solo se observaron en el 7,1% del total de autoinyecciones. Sin embargo, se detectaron grandes diferencias entre las sustancias: el 23,2% de los consumos de cocaína estuvieron relacionados con síntomas psicóticos, el 20,8% de las inyecciones de speedball presentaron síntomas psicóticos y solo el 0,3% de las venopunciones de heroína se relacionaron con síntomas psicóticos (X2 =604.99; p<0.001). Además, algunas variables señalan que los síntomas psicóticos inducidos por sustancias pueden estar asociados con una mayor gravedad clínica. Conclusiones. Los sujetos con consumo de cocaína o speedball que acuden a MSIR pueden presentar síntomas psicóticos inducidos por sustancias, siendo esto un criterio de mayor gravedad clínica. Por lo tanto, los protocolos de las MSIR deben analizarse y adaptarse en función de la sustancia utilizada y la inducción de síntomas psicóticos. Además, se necesita más investigación en esta área. (AU)

Introduction. Medically supervised injecting rooms (MSIRs) are extremely important facilities for people who inject drugs (PWID) as MSIRs provide a safe place for the consumption of street-sourced drugs, impacting overdose rates and viral transmitted infections. Methods. The current paper describes more than 10 years of our MSIR experience regarding psychotic symptoms and their relationship with the substance used. The analysis was performed using data collected between 01/01/2009 and 08/31/2021. Results. 3731 self-injections (68.7% heroin, 29.1% cocaine, 2.1% speedball, and 0.2% other substance) were recorded during the studied period. Psychotic symptoms were only observed in 7.1% of the total self-injections. However, large differences were detected among substances: 23.2% of cocaine consumptions were related to psychotic symptoms, 20.8% of speedball injections presented psychotic symptoms, and only 0.3% of heroin consumptions had psychotic symptoms (X2=604.99; p<0.001). Also, some other variables highlight that psychotic symptoms induced by substances may be associated with higher clinical severity. Conclusions. subjects with cocaine or speedballuse who attend MSIRs may present substance-induced psychotic symptoms, having higher clinical severity. Thus, MSIRs’ protocols should be analyzed and adapted in terms of the substance used and the induction of psychotic symptoms. Moreover, further research is necessary on this critical issue. (AU)

Supervised injection services: what has been demonstrated? A systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: Supervised injection services (SISs) have been developed to promote safer drug injection practices, enhance health-related behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID), and connect PWID with external health and social services. Nevertheless, SISs have also been accused of fostering drug use and drug trafficking. AIMS: To systematically collect and synthesize the currently available evidence regarding SIS-induced benefits and harm. METHODS: A systematic review was performed via the PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases using the keyword algorithm [("supervised" or "safer") and ("injection" or "injecting" or "shooting" or "consumption") and ("facility" or "facilities" or "room" or "gallery" or "centre" or "site")]. RESULTS: Seventy-five relevant articles were found. All studies converged to find that SISs were efficacious in attracting the most marginalized PWID, promoting safer injection conditions, enhancing access to primary health care, and reducing the overdose frequency. SISs were not found to increase drug injecting, drug trafficking or crime in the surrounding environments. SISs were found to be associated with reduced levels of public drug injections and dropped syringes. Of the articles, 85% originated from Vancouver or Sydney. CONCLUSION: SISs have largely fulfilled their initial objectives without enhancing drug use or drug trafficking. Almost all of the studies found in this review were performed in Canada or Australia, whereas the majority of SISs are located in Europe. The implementation of new SISs in places with high rates of injection drug use and associated harms appears to be supported by evidence.