Single shot of 17D vaccine may not confer life-long protection against yellow fever

The yellow fever (YF) vaccine has been used since the 1930s to prevent YF, which is a severe infectious disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), and mainly transmitted by Culicidae mosquitoes from the genera Aedes and Haemagogus . Until 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the administration of a vaccine dose every ten years. A new recommendation of a single vaccine dose to confer life-long protection against YFV infection has since been established. Recent evidence published elsewhere suggests that at least a second dose is needed to fully protect against YF disease. Here, we discuss the feasibility of administering multiple doses, the necessity for a new and modern vaccine, and recommend that the WHO conveys a meeting to discuss YFV vaccination strategies for people living in or travelling to endemic areas.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of repirinast tablets in healthy Chinese subjects

ABSTRACT Repirinast is a new, synthetic, disodium cromoglycate-like antiallergic agent for oral administration in humans. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of repirinast tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. This was a phase I, open-label, randomized, single- and multiple-dose study. Subjects were assigned to receive a single dose of repirinast tablet at either 150, 300, or 450 mg, or multiple doses of 150 mg twice daily for 5 days. Plasma samples were analyzed with LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters of active metabolite MY-1250 (deesterified repirinast) were calculated using non-compartmental analysis with WinNonlin software. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. All adverse events (AEs) were mild and of limited duration. No serious adverse event (SAE), death or withdrawal from the study was observed. In the single-dose study, Cmax was reached at about 0.75 hour, and the mean t1/2 was approximately 16.21 hours. Area under curve (AUC) and Cmax increased with dose escalation, but dose proportionality was not observed over the range of 150 to 450 mg. In the multiple-dose study, the steady-state was reached within 3 days with no accumulation. Repirinast tablet was well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects.

Contaminación extrínseca de soluciones parenterales y medicamentos en frascos multidosis / Extrinsic contamination of parenteral solutions and multiple-dose vials

Las infecciones nosocomiales ocurren durante las 48-72 horas después del ingreso a un centro de salud o luego de un periodo definido tras el alta, uno de los vehículos para este tipo de infección son las soluciones parenterales (SP) y los medicamentos en frascos multidosis (FMD). Se determinó la frecuencia de contaminación extrínseca de SP y FMD en algunos servicios de hospitalización del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario “Ruiz y Páez” en Ciudad Bolívar-Venezuela. Se analizaron 95 SP y 82 FMD para un total de 177 muestras, las cuales se cultivaron y los microorganismos aislados fueron identificados a través de pruebas bioquímicas convencionales. De las 177 muestras evaluadas, 42 (23,73%) presentaron crecimiento de microorganismos. El 27,36% de las SP y el 19,51% de los FMD resultaron contaminados. Los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados fueron Bacillus sp. (55,30%), Candida albicans (14,88%) y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos (8,52%). Se concluyó que durante el periodo estudiado en las soluciones parenterales predominó la contaminación por microorganismos ambientales, mientras que las levaduras predominaron en los frascos multidosis especialmente en los de sulfato de magnesio.

Nosocomial infections occur during the 48-72 hours after admission to a health centre or after a defined period after discharge, one of the vehicles for this type of infection are the parenterals solutions (PS) and parenteral drugs in multidose vials (MDV). We determinated the prevalence of extrinsic contamination of PS and MDV hospitalization in some services of the Hospital Universitario “Ruiz and Páez” in Ciudad Bolívar-Venezuela. We analyzed 95 PS and 82 MDV for a total of 177 samples, which were cultivated and isolated microorganisms were identified by conventional biochemical tests. Of the 177 samples tested, 42 (23.73%) had growth of microorganisms. The 27.36% of the PS and the 19.51% of MDV were contaminated. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Bacillus sp. (55.30%), Candida albicans (14.88%) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (8.52%). It was concluded that during the period studied in parenteral solutions prevailing contamination by environmental microorganisms, while yeast predominated in especially in multidose vials of magnesium sulfate.