Reporting of confidence intervals, achievement of intended sample size, and adjustment for multiple primary outcomes in randomised trials of physical therapy interventions: an analysis of 100 representatively sampled trials.

BACKGROUND: The physical therapy profession has made efforts to increase the use of confidence intervals due to the valuable information they provide for clinical decision-making. Confidence intervals indicate the precision of the results and describe the strength and direction of a treatment effect measure. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of reporting of confidence intervals, achievement of intended sample size, and adjustment for multiple primary outcomes in randomised trials of physical therapy interventions. METHODS: We randomly selected 100 trials published in 2021 and indexed on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Two independent reviewers extracted the number of participants, any sample size calculation, and any adjustments for multiple primary outcomes. We extracted whether at least one between-group comparison was reported with a 95 % confidence interval and whether any confidence intervals were interpreted. RESULTS: The prevalence of use of confidence intervals was 47 % (95 % CI 38, 57). Only 6 % of trials (95 % CI: 3, 12) both reported and interpreted a confidence interval. Among the 100 trials, 59 (95 % CI: 49, 68) calculated and achieved the required sample size. Among the 100 trials, 19 % (95 % CI: 13, 28) had a problem with unadjusted multiplicity on the primary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Around half of trials of physical therapy interventions published in 2021 reported confidence intervals around between-group differences. This represents an increase of 5 % from five years earlier. Very few trials interpreted the confidence intervals. Most trials reported a sample size calculation, and among these most achieved that sample size. There is still a need to increase the use of adjustment for multiple comparisons.

Bergson e a clínica psicanalítica / Bergson and the psychoanalytical clinic / Bergson e la clínica psicanalítica

O presente artigo procura conjugar aspectos da filosofia bergsoniana com determinantes fundamentais do pensamento analítico, avaliando assim o benefício clínico e ético de suas interações. Para tanto, fará a investigação incidir, especialmente, sobre as noções de "impulso vital" e de "pulsão". O retorno a si, a multiplicidade virtual, os atos livres, a decifração pragmática da força, são temas que se interpenetram de tal modo nas duas experiências do pensamento, que suas intersecções geram - assim o pretendemos - abordagens mais nuançadas dos problemas analíticos, compreendendo uma retomada essencial da perspectiva ética, não mais situada a propósito do inconsciente, mas constituindo o seu plano

This paper combines aspects of Bergsonian philosophy with fundamental determinants of analytical thinking, thus evaluating the clinical and ethical benefits of their interactions. To do so, the investigation will focus, especially, on the notions of "vital impulse" and "drive". The return to oneself, the virtual multiplicity, the free acts, the pragmatic deciphering of force, are themes that interpenetrate themselves in such a way in the two experiences of thought, that their intersections generate - as intended - more nuanced approaches to analytical problems, involving an essential resumption of the ethical perspective, no longer situated in relation to the unconscious, but constituting its plan

Este artículo busca combinar aspectos de la filosofía bergsoniana con determinantes fundamentales del pensamiento analítico, evaluando así los beneficios clínicos y éticos de sus interacciones. Por tanto, la investigación se centrará en las nociones de "impulso vital" y "pulsión". El retorno a uno mismo, la multiplicidad virtual, los actos libres, el desciframiento pragmático de la fuerza, son temas que se interpenetran de tal manera en las dos experiencias de pensamiento, que sus intersecciones generan - como pretendo - aproximaciones más matizadas a problemas analíticos, involucrando una reanudación esencial de la perspectiva ética, que ya no se sitúa en relación con el inconsciente, sino que constituye su plan.

FERENCZI AND GENDER TROUBLE.

The paper analyzes Ferenczi's contributions to contemporary debates on gender. It does not strictly adhere to what he wrote about masculinity and femininity, where he reveals himself as a man of his time, with the some of the prejudices of his time. Instead, the paper highlights the utraquistic method and the pluralist monism of Ferenczi, whereby he appears as an analyst who remains in synch with current problems. Against the purity of dualisms, Ferenczi embraced multiplicity, mixtures, and the transit between different spaces, beyond divisive frontiers. In terms of method, it resonates with Judith Butler's proposals, with the ideas defended by Paul Preciado and by Queer theory.

Texto descrente: em defesa das multiplicidades na Educação Física / Unbelievable text: in defense of multilicities in Physical Education / Texto increíble: en defensa de las multilicidades en la Educación Física

O presente artigo, de tipo ensaístico, lança mão daquilo que chama de descrença associada à Educação e, mais especificamente, à Educação Física, para defender as multiplicidades, inspirados pelos escritos de Deleuze e Guattari (2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b). A descrença torna-se uma espécie de primeira fase para a aposta na multiplicidade, visto que ao desacreditar a representação, aquilo que está além dos(as) docentes, dos (as) alunos (as) e da escola, passa-se a crer naquilo que se vive aqui e agora, no território em que se habita. Visando lançar o olhar para os problemas educacionais a fim de rechaçar a representação que assola o pensamento escolar e que faz reverberar os velhos cacoetes necessários ao mercado de trabalho ­ habilidades, competências ­, este texto objetiva instigar uma docência que assuma uma postura cartográfica, mais exploratória e menos decalcadora.

This essay, of an essay type, makes use of what it calls disbelief associated with Education and, more specifically, with Physical Education, to defend multiplicities, inspired by the writings of Deleuze and Guattari (2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b). Disbelief becomes a kind of first phase for the bet on multiplicity, since by discrediting representation, what is beyond the teachers, the students and the school, one starts to believe in what is lives here and now, in the territory in which one inhabits. Aiming to cast a look at educational problems in order to reject the representation that plagues school thinking and that makes the old taunts necessary for the job market ­ skills, competences ­ reverberate, the text aims to instigate a teaching that assumes a cartographic posture, more exploratory and less tracing.

Este ensayo, de tipo ensayístico, se sirve de lo que denomina descreimiento asociado a la Educación y, más concretamente, a la Educación Física, para defender las multiplicidades, inspirándose en los escritos de Deleuze y Guattari (2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b). El descreimiento se convierte en una especie de primera fase para la apuesta por la multiplicidad, ya que al desprestigiar la representación, lo que está más allá de los docentes, los alumnos y la escuela, se pasa a creer en lo que se vive aquí y ahora, en el territorio que se habita. Con el objetivo de lanzar una mirada a los problemas educativos para rechazar la representación que plaga el pensamiento escolar y que hace resonar las viejas burlas necesarias para el mercado de trabajo ­ habilidades, competencias ­, el texto pretende instigar una enseñanza que asume una postura cartográfica, más exploratorio y menos rastreador.

Familywise type I error of ANOVA and ANOVA on ranks in factorial experiments / Erro tipo I familiar da ANOVA e da ANOVA on ranks em experimentos fatoriais

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the importance of a preliminary general analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the interpretation of data from factorial experiments under total nullity. For this, we evaluated the familywise type I error rate (accumulated FWER) of the F test for the unfolding of factorial ANOVA and factorial ANOVA on ranks, which were compared with the FWER for the global effect of treatments. In addition, we evaluated the FWER of the Tukey's test under total nullity for factorial experiments in the presence or absence of preliminary ANOVA protection (omnibus F test). The study was conducted by simulating data from 2,000 experiments, which were separated into four representative agricultural research scenarios. For both the parametric factorial ANOVA and the non-parametric factorial ANOVA, the FWER significantly exceeded the nominal level of 5%, even under total nullity. While the tests that control the total FWER in the factorials are not being used, the factorial ANOVA should not be performed without the preliminary ANOVA F test showing a significant effect. This, of course, does not apply to tests that are not multiple comparisons, such as Bonferroni, Dunn-Sidak and others, which do not need ANOVA protection. The same recommendation applies to the factorial ANOVA on ranks.

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a importância da análise de variância (ANOVA) geral preliminar na interpretação dos dados de experimentos fatoriais sob nulidade total. Para isso, avaliou-se as taxas de erro tipo I familiar (FWER acumulada) do teste F para os componentes do desdobramento da ANOVA fatorial e da ANOVA fatorial on ranks, em comparação à FWER para o efeito global de tratamentos. Além disso, avaliou-se a FWER do teste de Tukey sob nulidade total para experimentos fatoriais na presença ou ausência da proteção da ANOVA preliminar (teste F global). O estudo foi conduzido a partir da simulação de dados de 2000 experimentos, separados em quatro cenários representativos da pesquisa agrícola. Tanto para a ANOVA fatorial paramétrica, quanto para a ANOVA fatorial não-paramétrica, as FWER ultrapassaram significativamente o nível nominal de 5%, mesmo sob nulidade total. Enquanto os testes que controlam a FWER total nos fatoriais não estiverem sendo utilizados, a ANOVA fatorial não deve ser realizada sem que o teste F da ANOVA preliminar acuse um efeito significativo. O mesmo, evidentemente, não se aplica aos testes que não são de comparações múltiplas, como Bonferroni, Dunn-Sidak e outros, que não precisam proteção da ANOVA. A mesma recomendação se aplica à ANOVA fatorial on ranks.

El amor en Badiou: ontologia del vacío, la no relación sexual y la verdad / Love in Badiou: ontology of void, non-sexual relationship and truth / O amor em Badiou: ontologia do vazio, da não-sexualidade e da verdade

RESUMEN El objetivo del siguiente artículo de reflexion es ofrecer una lectura del concepto de amor en el pensamiento de Alain Badiou que medie y armonice el trasfondo abstracto y formal de su metaontología con sus conocidas intervenciones sobre este concepto dirigidas al gran público. Se llena con ello un vacío en la literatura que analiza esta region de su pensamiento. El artículo acomete esta tarea en tres momentos: primero se explica la conexión, que se asume que hay entre la teorïa del ser como multiplicidad y la teona lacaniana de la sexuación a fin de senalar la continuidad y limite entre las mismas. Tras ello, situamos el amor en las coordenadas de la teoría del acontecimiento, el sujeto y la verdad. Finalmente, interpretamos la propuesta de Badiou a la luz de algunos elementos que proceden de la teoría del amor de Platon y de lo que llamamos un comunismo de la diferencia o mínimo.

AВSTRAСT The aim of the current reflection article is to offer a reading of the concept of love in Alain Badiou's thought that mediates and harmonizes the abstract and formal background of his metaontology with his well-known interventions on this concept aimed at the general public. This fills a gap in the literature that analyzes this region of his thinking. The article undertakes this task in three moments: First the connection, which is assumed to exist, between the theory of being as multiplicity and the Lacanian theory of sexuation is explained in order to indicate the continuity and limit between them. After that, we place love in the coordinates of the theory of the event, the subject and the truth. Finally we interpret Badiou's proposal in the light of some elements that come from Plato's theory of love and what we call a communism of difference or minimum.

RESUMО O objetivo do artigo de reflexão a seguir é oferecer uma leitura do conceito de amor no pensamento de Alain Badiou que medeia e harmoniza o fundo abstrato e formal de sua metaontologia com suas conhecidas intervenções sobre este conceito dirigidas ao público em geral. Isto preenche uma lacuna na literatura que analisa esta região de seu pensamento. O artigo empreende esta tarefa em três etapas: primeiro, a suposta conexão entre a teoria do eu como multiplicidade e a teoria lacaniana da sexuação é explicada a fim de apontar a continuidade e os limites entre elas. Em seguida, situamos o amor nas coordenadas da teoria do evento, do assunto e da verdade. Finalmente, interpretamos a proposta de Badiou á luz de alguns elementos que provêm da teoria do amor de Platão e do que chamamos um comunismo de diferença ou minimalismo.

Safety and Intraoperative Results in Live Kidney Donors with Vascular Multiplicity After Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy Living Donor Nephrectomy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vascular multiplicity is the most frequent anatomic variation in kidney donors. Despite concerns about risks, these allografts are increasingly used to overcome the shortage of kidney donors. The safety and clinical outcomes in living kidney donors were evaluated with vascular multiplicity after hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (HALDN). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from all living kidney donors who underwent HALDN from 2008 to 2021 was retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups as single (SRV) and multiple renal vessels (MRV), and a comparative analysis was done. The primary outcomes include operating room time (ORT), days of hospital stay, estimated blood loss, complications, conversion, and re-operations. RESULTS: MRV were present in 166 out of 612 donors (27.1%). Among those, 10 (1.6%) donors had simultaneous multiple arteries and veins. Additionally, the prevalence of artery and vein multiplicity was 21.8% (n = 134) and 3.5% (n = 22), respectively. Warm ischemia time was significantly different among the two groups but not clinically important. The number of conversions to open technique, the mean ORT, the median blood loss, and days of hospital stay were similar between the SRV and MRV groups, without significant differences. According to the modified Clavien-classification system, no differences were found in the complication rates between the two groups (p = 0.29). Complication rates were 3.3% and 3.6% for the SRV and MRV groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: HALDN is a procedure with safe intraoperative results, even with vascular multiplicity. The presence of multiple renal arteries or veins has no negative impact on the outcome of the donor after living donor nephrectomy.

Detailed 1 H and 13 C NMR structural assignment of ent-polyalthic acid, a biologically active labdane diterpene.

In this paper, a complete 1 H and 13 C NMR data assignment of ent-polyalthic acid, a biologically active labdane-type diterpene, is presented. The assignments were carried on the basis of spectroscopic data from 1 H NMR, 13 C{1 H} NMR, gCOSY, gHMQC, and gHMBC experiments. Furthermore, a software-assisted methodology, using FOMSC3_rm_NB and NMR_MultSim programs, supported the detailed and unequivocal assignment of 1 H and 13 C signals, allowing all hydrogen coupling constants to be determined and thus clarifying all hydrogen signal multiplicities.

Distribution of clones among hosts for the lizard malaria parasite Plasmodium mexicanum.

BACKGROUND: Malaria parasites reproduce asexually, leading to the production of large numbers of genetically identical parasites, here termed a clonal line or clone. Infected hosts may harbor one or more clones, and the number of clones in a host is termed multiplicity of infection (MOI). Understanding the distribution of parasite clones among hosts can shed light on the processes shaping this distribution and is important for modeling MOI. Here, I determine whether the distribution of clones of the lizard malaria parasite Plasmodium mexicanum differ significantly from statistical distributions commonly used to model MOI and logical extensions of these models. METHODS: The number of clones per infection was assessed using four microsatellite loci with the maximum number of alleles at any one locus used as a simple estimate of MOI for each infection. I fit statistical models (Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated models) to data from four individual sites to determine a best fit model. I also simulated the number of alleles per locus using an unbiased estimate of MOI to determine whether the simple (but potentially biased) method I used to estimate MOI influenced model fit. RESULTS: The distribution of clones among hosts at individual sites differed significantly from traditional Poisson and negative binomial distributions, but not from zero-inflated modifications of these distributions. A consistent excess of two-clone infections and shortage of one-clone infections relative to all fit distributions was also observed. Any bias introduced by the simple method for estimating of MOI did not appear to qualitatively alter the results. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical distributions used to model MOI are typically zero-truncated; truncating the Poisson or zero-inflated Poisson yield the same distribution, so the reasonable fit of the zero-inflated Poisson to the data suggests that the use of the zero-truncated Poisson in modeling is adequate. The improved fit of zero-inflated distributions relative to standard distributions may suggest that only a portion of the host population is located in areas suitable for transmission even at small sites (<1 ha). Collective transmission of clones and premunition may also contribute to deviations from standard distributions.

Understanding of [RuL(ONO)]n+ acting as nitric oxide precursor, a theoretical study of ruthenium complexes of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclo- tetradecane having different substituents: How spin multiplicity influences bond angle and bond lengths (Ru-O-NO) in releasing of NO.

Generation of nitric oxide has been a great interest in cell biology as it involves a wide range of physiological functions including the blood pressure control; thus the exploitation of ruthenium chemistry has been motivated in biochemical and clinical points of view. Herein, the structural and electronic properties of ruthenium(II) complexes of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane containing pyridyl, imidazole and benzimidazole (L1, L2, L3) were analyzed theoretically in the context of how spin multiplicity plays a crucial role influencing the NO release from the LRu-ONO moiety. The results show that ß-cleavage of nitrito in the complex motivates the release of NO as it depends highly on total spin multiplicity of metal ion altering significantly the geometrical parameters; particularly, a decrease of bond length of Ru-ONO is highly associated with an increase of RuO-NO bond distance that correlates with the decrease of the Ru-O-NO bond angle ultimately leading to the release of NO; apparently, the bending nature of Ru-O-NO defines its release from the complex. This is consistent with orbital energy (dx2-y2) where the stabilization of axial Ru-O bond in the complex was observed, and proved by molecular orbital studies. In the excitation of the complex (singlet to triplet or singlet to quintet), the NO release has been facilitated, agreeing with the Gibbs free energy data where a lower energy for NO release was obtained compared to other types of excitations. In the calculated electronic spectra, a visible broad band with relatively high intensity for [RuL1ONO]+ was observed, agreeing approximately with reported experimental results.

Malaria in Venezuela: changes in the complexity of infection reflects the increment in transmission intensity.

BACKGROUND: Malaria incidence has reached staggering numbers in Venezuela. Commonly, Bolívar State accounted for approximately 70% of the country cases every year. Most cases cluster in the Sifontes municipality, a region characterized by an extractive economy, including gold mining. An increase in migration to Sifontes, driven by gold mining, fueled a malaria spillover to the rest of the country and the region. Here samples collected in 2018 were compared with a previous study of 2003/2004 to describe changes in the parasites population structures and the frequency of point mutations linked to anti-malarial drugs. METHODS: A total of 88 Plasmodium falciparum and 94 Plasmodium vivax isolates were collected in 2018 and compared with samples from 2003/2004 (106 P. falciparum and 104 P. vivax). For P. falciparum, mutations linked to drug resistance (Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfcrt) and the Pfk13 gene associated with artemisinin delayed parasite clearance, were analysed. To estimate the multiplicity of infection (MOI), and perform P. falciparum and P. vivax population genetic analyses, the parasites were genotyped by using eight standardized microsatellite loci. RESULTS: The P. falciparum parasites are still harbouring drug-resistant mutations in Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfcrt. However, there was a decrease in the frequency of highly resistant Pfdhps alleles. Mutations associated with artemisinin delayed parasite clearance in the Pfk13 gene were not found. Consistent with the increase in transmission, polyclonal infections raised from 1.9% in 2003/2004 to 39% in 2018 in P. falciparum and from 16.3 to 68% in P. vivax. There is also a decrease in linkage disequilibrium. Bayesian clustering yields two populations linked to the time of sampling, showing that the parasite populations temporarily changed. However, the samples from 2003/2004 and 2018 have several alleles per locus in common without sharing multi-locus genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of mutations linked with drug resistance in P. falciparum shows only changes in Pfdhps. Observations presented here are consistent with an increase in transmission from the previously circulating parasites. Following populations longitudinally, using molecular surveillance, provides valuable information in cases such as Venezuela with a fluid malaria situation that is affecting the regional goals toward elimination.

Control de falsos descubrimientos en mapeo asociativo con poblaciones estructuradas / False discovery rate control in association mapping with genetically structured populations

Las pruebas de asociación entre marcadores moleculares y variables fenotípicas son cruciales para la identificación de QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci). Los avances biotecnológicos incrementaron la disponibilidad de marcadores genéticos y consecuentemente el número de pruebas de la asociación fenotipo-genotipo. El incremento de pruebas de significancia estadística a realizar en simultaneo (multiplicidad) demanda correcciones de los valores-p obtenidos para cada prueba de hipótesis de manera de mantener acotada las tasas de error para la familia de pruebas de asociación. Las correcciones estadísticas clásicas para el problema de multiplicidad, como Bonferroni, el método de control de la tasa de falsos descubrimientos (FDR) y el número efectivo de pruebas (Meff), son ampliamente usadas, pero fueron desarrolladas para datos independientes. Sin embargo, cuando las poblaciones de mapeo están genéticamente estructuradas los datos dejan de ser independientes. En este trabajo, proponemos un método de corrección por multiplicidad basado en estimación del número efectivo de pruebas desde un modelo que ajusta por la estructura de correlación subyacente. Se evalúa el desempeño del procedimiento propuesto a través del análisis de los valores-p obtenidos para un conjunto de QTL simulados. Los resultados sugieren que el método propuesto provee control de la tasa de falsos positivos y presenta mayor potencia que otros métodos de corrección por multiplicidad usados en mapeo asociativo.

The association tests between molecular markers and phenotypic traits are crucial for the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) identification. Biotechnological advances increased the molecular marker information; consequently, the number of genotype-phenotype association tests required incremented too. The multiple statistical inferences (multiplicity) demand corrections of the p-values obtained for each comparison in order to keep limited the error rates for the family of association tests. However, classic statistical correction methods such as Bonferroni, False Discovery Rate (FDR) and the Effective Number of Independent Test (Meff) were developed in the context of independent data. Wherever, when the population genetic structure is present, the data are no longer independent. In this paper, we propose a method of correction for multiplicity based on estimation of the effective number of tests from a model that adjust for the underlying correlation structure. We evaluate the performance of the proposed procedure in the estimation of p-values for a set of simulated QTL. The results suggest that the proposed method provides control of FDR and has more power than other methods for multiplicity correction used in association mapping.

Study of light-particle multiplicities in p + non-fissionable nuclei events in the 0.5 - 2 GeV energy range / Estudio de la multiplicidad de partículas ligeras en proto-reacciones con núcleos no fisionables en el rango energético 0.5 - 2 GeV

Abstract In recent years, the investigation of spallation reactions have caught the attention of scientific community due to their application in the transmutation of nuclear waste by using the Accelerator Driven System (ADS) reactors. Due to the experimental difficulties that nuclear reactions researches face; the study of spallation reaction by using simulation codes is more suitable for generating more complete database for different energy ranges. This work aims to study spallation reactions induced by protons at intermediate energies 0.5 - 2 GeV on non-fissionable nuclei by using the Monte Carlo code: CRISP (Collaboration Rio-Ilhéus-São Paulo). The target nuclei studied were: 184 W, 197 Au and 208 Pb, focusing on the last one. Multiplicity of light particles obtained with CRISP was compared with the available experimental data and other Monte Carlo codes involved in the study of spallation reactions, resulting on a quite satisfactory agreement.

Resumen En años recientes la investigación de las reacciones nucleares de "espalación" han causado atención en la comunidad científica debido a su aplicación en la transmutación de los residuos nucleares usando reactores ADS (AcceleratorDriven System). Debido a las dificultades experimentales en el estudio de las reacciones nucleares, su estudio vía simulación es adecuado para generar una base de datos más completa en un amplio rango de energía. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el estudio de reacciones nucleares inducidas por protones a energías intermedias, 0.5 - 2 GeV, en núcleos no fisionables, utilizando el código de Monte Carlo: CRISP (Collaboration Rio-Ilhéus-São Paulo). Los núcleos estudiados fueron: 184W, 197Au y 208Pb, con un enfoque en el último. La multiplicidad de partículas ligeras obtenida con el CRISPfue comparada con los datos experimentales disponibles y con otros códigos de Monte Carlo y se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios.

Multiplicidades em formação continuada: o que pode uma escola pública na modalidade de jovens adultos? / Multiplicities in continuous formation: what can a public school in youth and adults modality? / Multiplicidades en formación continua: ¿Qué puede una escuela pública en la modalidad de jóvenes y adultos?

O artigo aborda a dimensão da formação continuada de uma escola pública na modalidade de jovens e adultos: "EMEF EJA Admardo Serafim de Oliveira". Tal formação se expressa por meio de uma prática ética-estética-política em produzir educação pública, cujos desafios escolares cotidianos são problematizados semanalmente com professores, equipe gestora, pesquisadores e convidados. Nesse modo, a micropolítica formativa se faz intensiva em meio a modos de vidas arborescentes e rizomáticos no processo de formar, desformar em meio a múltiplas forças; provocando análises e implicações dos próprios atos; propondo maneiras outras de potencializar a vida e, criando um campo de ação analítico e ativo com a educação pública.(AU)

The article discusses the extent of the continuous formation of a public school in youth and adults: "EMEF EJA Admardo Serafim de Oliveira." Such training is expressed through an ethical-aesthetic-political practice in producing public education, whose school everyday challenges are problematized weekly with teachers, management team, researchers and guests. In this mode, the micropolitics of the formation is done through intensive modes of arborescent and rhizomatic lives in the process of forming, deform amid multiple forces; provoking analysis and implications of their own actions; proposing other ways to enhance life and creating an analytical and active field of action with public education.(AU)

El artículo aborda la dimensión de la formación continuada de una escuela pública en la modalidad de jóvenes y adultos: "EMEF EJA Admardo Serafim de Oliveira". Tal formación se expresa por medio de una práctica ética-estética-política en producir educación pública, cuyos desafíos escolares cotidianos son problematizados semanalmente con profesores, equipo gestor, investigadores e invitados. De este modo, la micropolítica formativa se hace intensiva mediante modos de vidas arborescentes y rizomáticos en el proceso de formar, desformar en medio de múltiples fuerzas; provocando análisis e implicaciones de los propios actos; proponiendo otras maneras de potencializar la vida y, creando un campo de acción analítico y activo con la educación pública.(AU)

Establishment of a HEK293T cell line able to site-specifically integrate and stably express GDNF by rAAV-2 vector

Background: Using recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (rAAV-2), we attempted to establish a HEK293T cell line that is able to site-specifically integrate and stably express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Results:Recombinant vector with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and GDNF (pTR-P5-EGFP-IRES-GDNF), as well as that carrying Rep genes and SV40 promoters (pSVAV2) were constructed and packed. HEK293T cells were co-infected with rAAV-2/EGFP-GDNF and rAAV-2/SVAV2 virus separately at 1 x 10(4),1 x 10(5),and 1x10(6) of multiplicity of infection (MOI). The efficiency of transduction was detected using flow cytometry. Additionally, the infected HEK293T cells were separately validated by touchdown polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western-blot. After 72 h of transduction, the rate of EGFP positive cell was 22%, 45% and 49% at the MOIs of 1 x 10(4),1 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6), respectively. On the 3rd, 6th and 9th day of cell passage, there was no significant difference in the cell viability and proliferation rate between transduction and control groups. Importantly, touchdown PCR showed that there was a specific PCR amplified product band in the lane of infected cells. Furthermore, GDNF expression was detected in the infected cells after 15 and 180 d of cultivation. Conclusions: A HEK293T cell line able to site-specifically integrate and stably express GDNF was established.

New approaches for the standardization and validation of a real-time qPCR assay using TaqMan probes for quantification of yellow fever virus on clinical samples with high quality parameters.

The development and production of viral vaccines, in general, involve several steps that need the monitoring of viral load throughout the entire process. Applying a 2-step quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR assay (RT-qPCR), viral load can be measured and monitored in a few hours. In this context, the development, standardization and validation of a RT-qPCR test to quickly and efficiently quantify yellow fever virus (YFV) in all stages of vaccine production are extremely important. To serve this purpose we used a plasmid construction containing the NS5 region from 17DD YFV to generate the standard curve and to evaluate parameters such as linearity, precision and specificity against other flavivirus. Furthermore, we defined the limits of detection as 25 copies/reaction, and quantification as 100 copies/reaction for the test. To ensure the quality of the method, reference controls were established in order to avoid false negative results. The qRT-PCR technique based on the use of TaqMan probes herein standardized proved to be effective for determining yellow fever viral load both in vivo and in vitro, thus becoming a very important tool to assure the quality control for vaccine production and evaluation of viremia after vaccination or YF disease.

La multiplicación dramática en la enseñanza universitaria de lo grupal / The use of dramatic multiplication in university group education / A multiplicação dramática no ensino universitário no âmbito grupal

Este artículo presenta un modo de trabajo característico de la Cátedra de Teoría y Técnica de Grupos de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, denominado Jornada de Producciones Grupales. Dicho dispositivo pedagógico fue diseñado para el aprendizaje grupal a través de una experiencia colectiva prolongada de 8 horas, organizada alrededor de un recurso psicodramático: la Multiplicación Dramática. El dispositivo diseñado, en tanto crea condiciones para poner de relevancia la diversidad, hace necesarias algunas consideraciones metodológicas, filosóficas y políticas sobre las nociones de multiplicidad y diferencia. Estas nociones habilitan no sólo categorías, sino prácticas y procedimientos que abran visibilidad y por ende enunciabilidad a la diversidad de diversidades de un colectivo acción.

This article presents a work model applied by the Group Theory and Method, in Faculty of Psychology of the University of Buenos Aires: the Group Productions Session, pedagogical device designed for group learning through extended collective experience of 8 hours which is organized around a psychodramatic resource: the dramatic multiplication. The designed device, as long as it creates conditions to put relevant diversity, needs some methodological, philosophical and political considerations on the concepts of multiplicity, difference, diversity that enable not only categories, but practices, procedures that open visibility and hence enunciability the diversity of diversities of a collective action.

Este artigo apresenta um modelo de trabalho característico da disciplina Teoria e Técnica de Grupo, da Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Buenos Aires: a Jornada de Produções Grupais, dispositivo pedagógico concebido para a aprendizagem em grupo por meio de uma experiência coletiva de oito horas, organizada em torno de um recurso psicodramático: Multiplicação Dramática. Esse dispositivo cria condições para apresentar a relevância da diversidade, com algumas considerações metodológicas, filosóficas e políticas sobre os conceitos de multiplicidade, diferença, diversidade que permitem não só categorias, mas as práticas e os procedimentos que deem visibilidade e, portanto, enunciabilidade à diversidade das diversidades de uma ação coletiva.

Assessment of bivalent and tetravalent dengue vaccine formulations in flavivirus-naïve adults in Mexico.

UNLABELLED: Several ChimeriVax-Dengue (CYD)-based vaccination strategies were investigated as potential alternatives to vaccination with tetravalent CYD vaccine (CYD-TDV) in this phase IIa trial conducted in 2008-9 in 150 healthy adults. Participants were randomized and vaccinated on D0 and D105 (± 15 days). One group received bivalent CYD vaccine against serotypes 1 and 3 (CYD-1;3) on day 0 and CYD-2;4 on day 105 (± 15 days). Two groups received an injection at each timepoint of a tetravalent blend of CYD-1;3;4 and a VERO cell derived, live attenuated vaccine against serotype 2 (VDV-2), or the reference CYD-TDV. A fourth group received Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine on days -14, -7 and 0, followed by CYD-TDV on day 105. Viraemia was infrequent in all groups. CYD-4 viraemia was most frequent after tetravalent vaccination, while CYD-3 viraemia was most frequent after the first bivalent vaccination. Immunogenicity as assessed by 50% plaque reduction neutralisation test on D28 was comparable after the first injection of either tetravalent vaccine, and increased after the second injection, particularly with the blended CYD-1;3;4/ VDV-2 vaccine. In the bivalent vaccine group, immune response against serotype 3 was highest and the second injection elicited a low immune response against CYD 2 and 4. Immune responses after the first injection of CYD-TDV in the JE-primed group were in general higher than after the first injection in the other groups. All tested regimens were well tolerated without marked differences between groups. Bivalent vaccination showed no advantage in terms of immunogenicity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00740155.

Sem centro, no meio / With no center, in the middle / Sin centro, en el medio

O trabalho propõe uma diferença entre pensar nos vínculos e a partir dos vínculos. Nessa segunda opção, é necessário incluir a lógica da multiplicidade, um pensamento rizomático, ou seja, que não coloque o centro nem no sujeito, nem na história, nem no inconsciente, mas sim que transite pelo Entre, a partir do meio. Entre como produção vincular. Essas ideias são trabalhadas a partir do relato de uma consulta familiar.

The paper proposes that there is a difference between thinking of the links and thinking with the links as a starting point. In the latter, it is necessary to include the logic of multiplicity, a rhizomatic thought; in other words, one which doesn't place the center in the subject, in the story, nor in the unconscious, but instead which travels through the Between, from the middle. Between being link production. These ideas are developed from the report of a session of family therapy.

El trabajo propone una diferencia entre pensar en los vínculos y a partir de los vínculos. En esta segunda opción es necesario incluir la lógica de la multiplicidad, un pensamiento rizomático, es decir, que no coloque el centro ni en el sujeto, ni en la historia, ni en el inconsciente, sino que transite por el Entre, desde el medio. Entre como producción vincular. Se trabajan estas ideas a partir del relato de una consulta familiar.

Effects of polysaccharide isolated from Streptococcus thermophilus CRL1190 on human gastric epithelial cells.

EPS1190 was isolated from skim milk fermented with Stretococcus thermophilus CRL1190. The polysaccharide consisted of 33% glucose and 66% galactose with 1,4- and 1,4,6-galactose residues as main building blocks beside a high amount of 1,4-linked glucose. The polymer was characterized additionally concerning viscosity and zeta potential. EPS1190 stimulated cellular vitality and proliferation of human stomach AGS cells and human buccal KB cells significantly. EPS1190 stimulated phagocytosis rate of murine macrophages RAW264.7 significantly. NO-release or anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of LPS-induced NO release were not observed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that EPS1190 is partially internalized into AGS cells via endosomes. The bioadhesive absorption of FITC-labeled EPS1190 into the mucus layer on the apical side of the epithelium using histological tissue sections from human stomach was observed. Specific interaction of EPS1190 with mucin can be excluded as shown by microviscosimetry studies. EPS1190 increased the adhesion of H. pylori to AGS cells, which resulted in increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNFa, IL-6 and IL-8. Summarizing, EPS1190 seems to stimulate epithelial cell regeneration and immunological innate defense mechanisms, which again can rationalized the use of this polysaccharide as cytoprotective compound in probiotioc preparations.