Diagnostic accuracy and cut-off points for vaginal manometry to differentiate between weak and strong pelvic floor muscle contraction in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Identifying a weak/strong pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction in pregnant women may help prevent and treat dysfunctions during late pregnancy and postpartum. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Peritron™ manometer can accurately differentiate a weak from a strong PFM contraction and the respective cut-offs for its variables in pregnant women. METHODS: This is a diagnostic accuracy study. Forty-four women in the third trimester of pregnancy participated (mean±SD age: 29±5 years). The reference test was vaginal palpation, and the index test was vaginal manometry (Peritron™ manometer). Variables assessed by vaginal manometry were rest, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), MVC average, duration, gradient, area under the curve (AUCm), and contraction speed. The Receiver Operating Curve (AUC/ROC) was used to analyze the data and obtain cut-off points for these variables. RESULTS: Perfect discrimination (AUC=1.00) to differentiate between a weak/strong PFM contraction in pregnant women was observed for peak MCV (cut-off: 40.56 cmH2O). The MVC average showed excellent discriminative ability (AUC=0.96; cut-off: 30.66 cmH2O). The gradient variable (AUC=0.85; cut-off: 27.83 cmH2O/s) and AUCm (AUC=0.86; cut-off: 1315.6 cm²*s) showed a good discriminative ability. CONCLUSION: The best variables to discriminate between weak/strong PFM contraction in pregnant women using vaginal manometry were peak MVC, MVC average, gradient, and AUCm.

Clinical pharmacy key performance indicators for hospital inpatient setting: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Key performance indicators (KPIs) are quantifiable measures used to monitor the quality of health services. Implementation guidelines for clinical pharmacy services (CPS) do not specify KPIs. AIM: To assess the quality of the studies that have developed KPIs for CPS in inpatient hospital settings. METHOD: A systematic review was conducted by searching in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, supplemented with citation analyses and grey literature searches, to retrieve studies addressing the development of KPIs in CPS for hospital inpatients. Exclusions comprised drug- or disease-specific studies and those not written in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish. The Appraisal of Indicators through Research and Evaluation (AIRE) instrument assessed methodological quality. Domain scores and an overall score were calculated using an equal-weight principle. KPIs were classified into structure, process, and outcome categories. The protocol is available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KS2G3 . RESULTS: We included thirteen studies that collectively developed 225 KPIs. Merely five studies scored over 50% on the AIRE instrument, with domains #3 (scientific evidence) and #4 (formulation and usage) displaying low scores. Among the KPIs, 8.4% were classified as structure, 85.8% as process, and 5.8% as outcome indicators. The overall methodological quality did not exhibit a clear association with a major focus on outcomes. None of the studies provided benchmarking reference values. CONCLUSION: The KPIs formulated for evaluating CPS in hospital settings primarily comprised process measures, predominantly suggested by pharmacists, with inadequate evidence support, lacked piloting or validation, and consequently, were devoid of benchmarking reference values.

Presupuesto por resultados y calidad del gasto del programa de cáncer en un hospital público / Budgeting for results and quality of cancer program spending in a public hospital / Orçamento para resultados e qualidade dos gastos com o programa de câncer em um hospital público

La implementación del Presupuesto por Resultados (PpR) requiere elementos como información oportuna, sistemas de monitoreo, incentivos y procedimientos normados. En el caso de Perú, su enfoque de PpR ha generado cambios significativos en resultados de salud, especialmente en programas como desnutrición y salud materna y neonatal, al priorizar actividades demostradas como más costo-eficaces a nivel mundial. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el presupuesto por resultados (PpR) y la Calidad del gasto del programa de cáncer en un hospital público del Ministerio de Salud, 2021. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico, diseño no experimental, descriptivo y nivel correlacional. La población fue de 131 trabajadores vinculados al ciclo del presupuesto, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra de 32 trabajadores responsables directos del PpR. Se utilizó la técnica de encuesta y dos cuestionarios como instrumentos, sometidos a los coeficientes KR-20 y Alpha de Cronbach para evaluar la confiabilidad. Resultados. El coeficiente de Spearman fue de 0.387, indicando una relación positiva y media entre las variables. La significancia fue de 0.029 (< 0.05). Conclusiones. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el PpR y la Calidad del gasto del programa de Cáncer en el hospital del Ministerio de Salud, confirmando que un mejor manejo del PpR está asociado a una mejor calidad de gasto.

The implementation of results-based budgeting (RBB) requires elements such as timely information, monitoring systems, incentives and standardized procedures. In the case of Peru, its PfR approach has generated significant changes in health outcomes, especially in programs such as malnutrition and maternal and neonatal health, by prioritizing activities proven to be more cost-effective worldwide. Objective. To determine the relationship between the budget for results (BfR) and the Quality of cancer program spending in a public hospital of the Ministry of Health, 2021. Materials and Methods. A quantitative approach, basic type, non-experimental, descriptive and correlational study was carried out. The population was 131 workers linked to the budget cycle, from which a sample of 32 workers directly responsible for the PpR was selected. The survey technique and two questionnaires were used as instruments, subjected to Cronbach's KR-20 and Alpha coefficients to assess reliability. Results. Spearman's coefficient was 0.387, indicating a positive and average relationship between the variables. Significance was 0.029 (< 0.05). Conclusions. A significant relationship was found between PpR and Quality of expenditure of the Cancer program in the Ministry of Health hospital, confirming that better management of PpR is associated with better quality of expenditure.

A implementação do orçamento por desempenho (PfR) requer elementos como informações oportunas, sistemas de monitoramento, incentivos e procedimentos padronizados. No caso do Peru, sua abordagem de PfR gerou mudanças significativas nos resultados de saúde, especialmente em programas como desnutrição e saúde materna e neonatal, priorizando atividades comprovadamente mais econômicas em todo o mundo. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre o orçamento por resultados (BfR) e a qualidade dos gastos com o programa de câncer em um hospital público do Ministério da Saúde, 2021. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizado um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo básico, não experimental, descritivo e correlacional. A população foi de 131 trabalhadores ligados ao ciclo orçamentário, dos quais foi selecionada uma amostra de 32 trabalhadores diretamente responsáveis pelo BfR. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados a técnica de survey e dois questionários, submetidos aos coeficientes KR-20 e Alfa de Cronbach para avaliar a confiabilidade. Resultados. O coeficiente de Spearman foi de 0,387, indicando uma relação positiva e média entre as variáveis. A significância foi de 0,029 (< 0,05). Conclusões. Foi encontrada uma relação significativa entre o PfR e a qualidade das despesas do programa de câncer no hospital do Ministério da Saúde, confirmando que uma melhor gestão do PfR está associada a uma melhor qualidade das despesas.

Preventive and therapeutic assessment program for mucositis in patients with cancer: promising advances in stomatological care / Programa de avaliação preventiva e terapêutica de mucosite em pacientes com câncer: avanços promissores na assistência estomatológica

OBJECTIVES: We propose a preventive and therapeutic assessment program for mucositis in patients with cancer based on a comprehensive review of scientific evidence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This methodological study, designed as a non-systematic review, entails a thorough review of the scientific evidence on the management of mucositis in patients with cancer. The PICO method was used, allowing for a structured approach to explore and synthesize relevant evidence. RESULTS: Effective mucositis management requires regular assessments, dental exams, preventive strategies, and consideration of modifiable risk factors. Pharmacological therapies may be considered for severe cases, while oral antimicrobials, prophylactic antiviral and antifungal therapy can prevent infections. Topical anesthetics o?er pain relief but require careful administration. A gradual management plan, from gentle rinses to analgesics, is recommended. CONCLUSION: The suggested program may improve the identification, prevention, and management of this complication to achieve optimal management outcomes.

OBJETIVOS: Propomos um programa de avaliação preventiva e terapêutica de mucosite em pacientes com câncer com base em uma revisão abrangente de evidências científicas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Este estudo metodológico, concebido como uma revisão não sistemática, envolve uma revisão aprofundada da evidência científica sobre o manejo de mucosite em pacientes com câncer. Foi utilizado o método PICO, permitindo uma abordagem estruturada para explorar e sintetizar evidências relevantes. RESULTADOS: O manejo eficaz da mucosite requer avaliações regulares, exames odontológicos, estratégias preventivas e consideração de fatores de risco modificáveis. As terapias farmacológicas podem ser consideradas para casos graves, enquanto os antimicrobianos orais e a terapia antiviral e antifúngica profilática podem prevenir infecções. Os anestésicos tópicos oferecem alívio da dor, mas requerem administração cuidadosa. Recomenda-se uma administração gradual, desde enxágues suaves até analgésicos. CONCLUSÃO: O programa sugerido pode melhorar a identificação, prevenção e manejo desta complicação para alcançar resultados de conduta ideais.

Avaliação estrutural das unidades de atenção integral às doenças inflamatórias intestinais no Brasil / Structural evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease comprehensive care units in brazil

ABSTRACT Background: The most efficient way to prevent complications from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is to provide patients with optimized care. Nonetheless, in Brazil, there is no validated methodology for evaluating health services recognized as comprehensive care units (CCU), making it difficult to assess the quality of care provided. Objective: To understand the current scenario, map the distribution of centers and identify strengths and weaknesses, considering local and regional characteristics. Methods: The study was carried out in three phases. Initially, the Brazilian Organization for Crohn's disease and colitis (GEDIIB) developed 22 questions to characterize CCU in Brazil. In the second phase, all GEDIIB members were invited to respond to the survey with the 11 questions considered most relevant. In the last phase, an interim analysis of the results was performed, using the IBM SPSS Statistics v 29.0.1.0 software. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the center's profile. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Results: There were 53 responses from public centers (11 excluded). Most centers were concentrated in the Southeastern (n=22/52.4%) and only 1 (2.4%) in the Northern region of Brazil. Thirty-nine centers (92.9%) perform endoscopic procedures, but only 9 (21.4%) have access to enteroscopy and/or small bowel capsule endoscopy. Thirty-three centers (78.6%) offer infusion therapy locally, 26 (61.9%) maintain IBD patient records, 13 (31.0%) reported having an IBD nurse, 34 (81.0%) have specific evidence-based protocols and only 7 (16.7%) have a patient satisfaction methodology. In the private scenario there were 56 responses (10 excluded). There is also a concentration in the Southeastern and Southern regions. Thirty-nine centers (84.8%) have access to endoscopic procedures and 19 perform enteroscopy and/or small bowel capsule endoscopy, more than what is observed in the public environment. Infusion therapy is available in 24 centers (52.2%). Thirty-nine centers (84.8%) maintain a specific IBD patient database, 17 (37%) have an IBD nurse, 36 (78.3%) have specific evidence-based protocols, and 22 (47. 8%) apply a patient satisfaction methodology. Conclusion: IBD CCU in Brazil were mainly located in the Southeastern and Southern regions of the country. Most centers have dedicated multidisciplinary teams and IBD specialists. There is still a current need to improve the proportion of IBD nurses in IBD care in Brazil.

RESUMO Contexto: A forma mais eficiente de prevenir complicações da doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) é proporcionar aos pacientes cuidados otimizados. Contudo, no Brasil não existe uma metodologia validada para avaliação de serviços de saúde reconhecidos como unidades de atenção integral (UAI), dificultando a avaliação da qualidade da assistência prestada. Objetivo: Compreender o cenário atual, mapear a distribuição dos polos e identificar pontos fortes e fracos, considerando as características locais e regionais. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em três fases. Inicialmente, a Organização Brasileira para Doença de Crohn e Colite (GEDIIB) desenvolveu 22 questões para caracterizar as UAI no Brasil. Na segunda fase, todos os membros do GEDIIB foram convidados a responder ao inquérito com as 11 questões consideradas mais relevantes. Na última fase foi realizada uma análise dos resultados, utilizando o software IBM SPSS Statistics v 29.0.1.0. Estatísticas descritivas foram utilizadas para caracterizar o perfil do centro. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparar variáveis categóricas. Resultados: Houve 53 respostas de centros públicos (11 excluídas). A maioria das UAI concentrou-se na região sudeste (n=22/52,4%) e apenas 1 (2,4%) na região norte do Brasil. Trinta e nove centros (92,9%) realizam procedimentos endoscópicos, mas apenas 9 (21,4%) têm acesso à enteroscopia e/ou cápsula endoscópica. Trinta e três centros (78,6%) oferecem terapia de infusão localmente, 26 (61,9%) mantêm registros de pacientes com DII, 13 (31,0%) relataram ter uma enfermeira para DII, 34 (81,0%) têm protocolos específicos baseados em evidências e apenas 7 (16,7%) %) possuem uma metodologia de satisfação do paciente. No cenário privado houve 56 respostas (10 excluídas). Há também concentração nas regiões sudeste e sul. Trinta e nove centros (84,8%) têm acesso a procedimentos endoscópicos e 19 realizam enteroscopia e/ou cápsula endoscópica, mais do que o observado no ambiente público. A terapia infusional está disponível em 24 centros (52,2%). Trinta e nove centros (84,8%) mantêm um banco de dados específico de pacientes com DII, 17 (37%) têm uma enfermeira para DII, 36 (78,3%) têm protocolos específicos baseados em evidências e 22 (47,8%) aplicam uma metodologia de satisfação do paciente. Conclusão: As UAI do DII no Brasil estavam localizadas principalmente nas regiões sudeste e sul do país. A maioria dos centros possui equipes multidisciplinares dedicadas e médicos com experiencia em DII. Ainda há uma necessidade atual de melhorar a proporção de enfermeiros no tratamento de DII no Brasil.

Big Data-Planetary Health approach for evaluating the Brazilian Dengue Control Program / Abordagem Big Data-Saúde Planetária para avaliação do Programa de Combate à Dengue

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to integrate the concepts of planetary health and big data into the Donabedian model to evaluate the Brazilian dengue control program in the state of São Paulo. METHODS Data science methods were used to integrate and analyze dengue-related data, adding context to the structure and outcome components of the Donabedian model. This data, considering the period from 2010 to 2019, was collected from sources such as Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), WorldClim, and MapBiomas. These data were integrated into a Data Warehouse. K-means algorithm was used to identify groups with similar contexts. Then, statistical analyses and spatial visualizations of the groups were performed, considering socioeconomic and demographic variables, soil, health structure, and dengue cases. OUTCOMES Using climate variables, the K-means algorithm identified four groups of municipalities with similar characteristics. The comparison of their indicators revealed certain patterns in the municipalities with the worst performance in terms of dengue case outcomes. Although presenting better economic conditions, these municipalities held a lower average number of community healthcare agents and basic health units per inhabitant. Thus, economic conditions did not reflect better health structure among the three studied indicators. Another characteristic of these municipalities is urbanization. The worst performing municipalities presented a higher rate of urban population and human activity related to urbanization. CONCLUSIONS This methodology identified important deficiencies in the implementation of the dengue control program in the state of São Paulo. The integration of several databases and the use of Data Science methods allowed the evaluation of the program on a large scale, considering the context in which activities are conducted. These data can be used by the public administration to plan actions and invest according to the deficiencies of each location.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Integrar os conceitos de Saúde Planetária e Big Data ao modelo de Donabedian, para avaliar o Programa de Combate à Dengue no estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS Foram adotados métodos de Ciência de Dados para integração e análise de dados relacionados à dengue, agregando o contexto aos componentes de estrutura e de resultado do modelo de Donabedian. Esses dados, considerando o período de 2010 a 2019, foram coletados de fontes como Datasus, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), WorldClim e MapBiomas, e integrados em um Data Warehouse. Para a identificação de grupos com contextos similares, foi utilizado o algoritmo K-means. Em seguida, foram realizadas análises estatísticas e visualizações espaciais dos grupos, considerando variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, solo, estrutura de saúde e casos de dengue. RESULTADOS Com o uso das variáveis climáticas, o algoritmo K-means identificou quatro grupos de municípios com características similares. A comparação dos seus indicadores revelou certos padrões nos municípios com pior desempenho quanto aos resultados de casos de dengue. Embora tivessem melhores condições econômicas, eles tinham menor número médio de agentes comunitários e de unidades básicas de saúde por habitante. Dessa forma, as condições econômicas não refletiram em melhor estrutura de saúde nos três indicadores avaliados. Outra característica desses municípios é a urbanização. Os municípios de pior desempenho tinham maior taxa de população urbana e de modificações antrópicas relacionadas à urbanização. CONCLUSÕES Por meio desta metodologia, foi possível identificar importantes deficiências nas condições para a execução do programa de combate à dengue no estado de São Paulo. A integração de diversas bases de dados e a utilização de métodos de Ciência de Dados permitiram a avaliação do programa em larga escala, considerando o contexto em que as ações são executadas. Dessa forma, a gestão pública pode utilizar as informações coletadas para planejar ações e investir de acordo com as deficiências de cada local.

What are the cut-off points for vaginal manometry to differentiate women with a weak from those with a strong pelvic floor muscle contraction?: Vaginal manometry to classify a pelvic floor muscle contraction.

BACKGROUND: Vaginal manometry is regarded as an objective method to assess pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function and can measure several variables during contraction. OBJECTIVE: To determine which variables could differentiate women with/without a weak/strong PFM contraction and determine their cut-off points. METHODS: This is a diagnostic accuracy study performed on 156 women with a mean age of 40.4 (SD, 15.9) years. The reference test was vaginal palpation and the index test was vaginal manometry (Peritron™ manometer). Variables were pressure at rest, pressure achieved with maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), MVC average, duration, gradient, and area under the curve (AUCm). The Receiver Operating Curve (AUC/ROC) and logistic regression were used to analyze the data and obtain cut-off points. RESULTS: Excellent ability to discriminate women with a weak/strong PFM contraction was found for MVC average (cut-off: 28.93 cmH2O), MVC (cut-off: 38.61 cmH2O), and the AUCm (cut-off: 1011.93 cm²*s). The gradient variable had good discrimination ability (AUC/ROC=0.81; cut-off: 28.68 cmH2O/s). The MVC average assessed by manometry, menopausal status, and the presence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were associated with a weak/strong PFM contraction in the multivariate analysis; however, the most parsimonious model to discriminate weak/strong PFM contraction included only the MVC average (AUC/ROC = 0.95; sensitivity: 0.87; specificity: 0.91). CONCLUSION: These results suggest which manometry variables are appropriate to assess and classify PFM function in females. These could be used to help physical therapists to make clinic decisions about the management of female PFM.

Cirugía en horario extendido: una visión de los actores involucrados / Extended hours surgery: a vision of the actors involved

Introducción. Las listas de espera para cirugía de alta prevalencia son producto de una limitada oferta ante una elevada demanda de jornadas quirúrgicas. Tienen un impacto sobre las condiciones médicas de los pacientes y la consulta por urgencias. Como respuesta, se han incorporado los espacios quirúrgicos adicionales en horarios no convencionales. Su creciente implementación, aunque controversial, se reconoce cada vez más como una nueva normalidad en cirugía. Hay una limitada documentación de la efectividad de la medida, debido a la complejidad e intereses de los participantes. Métodos. Se analizó desde una posición crítica y reflexiva la perspectiva de los actores involucrados en un programa de cirugía en horario extendido, estableciendo las posibles barreras y los elementos facilitadores de una política enfocada a procedimientos en horario no convencional. Asimismo, se describen posibles oportunidades de investigación en el tema. Discusión. Los programas quirúrgicos en horarios no convencionales implican un análisis de los determinantes de su factibilidad y éxito para establecer la pertinencia de su implementación. La disponibilidad de las salas de cirugía, una estandarización de los procedimientos y una cultura de seguridad institucional implementada por la normativa vigente, favorecen estas acciones operacionales. Los aspectos económicos del prestador y del asegurador inciden en la planeación y ejecución de esta modalidad de trabajo. Conclusión. La realización segura y el éxito de un programa de cirugía en horario no convencional dependen de la posibilidad de alinear los intereses de los actores participantes en el proceso

Introduction. Waiting lists for high-prevalence surgeries are the product of limited supply due to a high demand for surgical days. They have an impact on patients' medical conditions and emergency consultation. In response, additional surgical spaces have been incorporated at unconventional times. Its growing implementation, although controversial, is increasingly recognized as a new normal in surgery. There is limited documentation of the effectiveness of the measure due to the complexity and interests of the participants. Methods. The perspective of the actors involved in an extended hours surgery program was analyzed from a critical and reflective position, establishing the possible barriers, and facilitating elements of a policy focused on procedures during unconventional hours. Possible research opportunities on the topic are also described. Discussion. Surgical programs at unconventional times involve an analysis of the determinants of their feasibility and success to establish the relevance of implementation. The availability of operating rooms, a standardization of procedures and a culture of institutional security implemented by current regulations, favor these operational actions. The economic aspects of the provider and the insurer affect the planning and execution of this type of work. Conclusion. The safe realization and success of a surgical program in unconventional hours depend on the possibility of aligning the interests of the actors involved in the process

Do it fast! Early access to specialized care improved long-term outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: data from the REAL multicenter observational study.

BACKGROUND: Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) offers an opportunity for better treatment outcomes. In real-life settings, grasping this opportunity might depend on access to specialized care. We evaluated the effects of early versus late assessment by the rheumatologist on the diagnosis, treatment initiation and long-term outcomes of RA under real-life conditions. METHODS: Adults meeting the ACR/EULAR (2010) or ARA (1987) criteria for RA were included. Structured interviews were conducted. The specialized assessment was deemed "early" when the rheumatologist was the first or second physician consulted after symptoms onset, and "late" when performed afterwards. Delays in RA diagnosis and treatment were inquired. Disease activity (DAS28-CRP) and physical function (HAQ-DI) were evaluated. Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared and correlation tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. For sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched subsample of early- vs. late-assessed participants was derived based on logistic regression. The study received ethical approval; all participants signed informed consent. RESULTS: We included 1057 participants (89.4% female, 56.5% white); mean (SD) age: 56.9 (11.5) years; disease duration: 173.1 (114.5) months. Median (IQR) delays from symptoms onset to both RA diagnosis and initial treatment coincided: 12 (6-36) months, with no significant delay between diagnosis and treatment. Most participants (64.6%) first sought a general practitioner. Notwithstanding, 80.7% had the diagnosis established only by the rheumatologist. Only a minority (28.7%) attained early RA treatment (≤ 6 months of symptoms). Diagnostic and treatment delays were strongly correlated (rho 0.816; p < 0.001). The chances of missing early treatment more than doubled when the assessment by the rheumatologist was belated (OR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.93, 3.97). After long disease duration, late-assessed participants still presented lower chances of remission/low disease activity (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99), while the early-assessed ones showed better DAS28-CRP and HAQ-DI scores (difference in means [95% CI]: -0.25 [-0.46, -0.04] and - 0.196 [-0.306, -0.087] respectively). The results in the propensity-score matched subsample confirmed those observed in the original (whole) sample. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and treatment initiation in patients with RA was critically dependent on early access to the rheumatologist; late specialized assessment was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes.

Building an antimicrobial stewardship program: A narrative of six years under the Donabedian perspective.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing and represents one of the world's major challenges. AMR increase morbimortality, length of hospital stay and costs. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) are one of the key strategies to promote the rational use of antimicrobials since AMR is mostly driven by antimicrobial consumption. Objective: To describe the ASP implementation in a teaching hospital from the perspective of Donabedian quality assessment and the Brazilian regulatory requirements. Method: This was a descriptive study with secondary data collection, including document review of the ASP. The study setting was a general public 392-bed hospital. The ASP activities were performed by the hospital infection control committee (HICC), hospital pharmacy (HP) and diagnostic support laboratory (DSL). The description of the three services mainly involved in the ASP was based on a quality assessment model involving the dimensions of "structure", "process" and "result" proposed by Donabedian. The distribution among dimensions was guided by the checklist of essential elements of the ASP that compose the Brazilian regulatory requirements. The checklist was applied in July, 2022, and the ASP results described from 2016 to 2021. Results: ASP actions have been gradually implemented since 2008 with the implementation of HICC and improved over the years. Regarding structure, the investments in technology were mapped, quantifying 26 computers and three software programs employed to computerize the ASP processes performed in specific physical areas by HICC, HP and DSL. Institutional guidelines used by HICC, HP and DSL guided clinical practices to operationalize ASP. The evaluation metrics improved for 10 indicators and worsened for four indicators. From the 60 items composing the checklist, the hospital met the requirements in 73.3% of the items (n = 44). Conclusion: This study described the implementation of ASP in a teaching hospital, applying the Donabedian perspective. Although the hospital still does not have a classic ASP model, there were investments to improve structure, processes and results, aiming to comply with international guidelines. A high proportion of key elements of ASP in the hospital were followed according to the Brazilian regulatory requirements. Aspects related to antimicrobial consumption and the emergence of microbial resistance deserve further investigations.

Análise do fluxo de valor no processo de alta de uma unidade de terapia intensiva / Analysis of the value stream of the intensive care unit discharge process / Análisis de flujo de valor en el proceso de alta de una unidad de cuidados intensivos

Objetivo: Realizar o mapeamento do fluxo de valor, propondo melhorias no processo de alta da unidade de terapia intensiva para unidade de internação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, prospectivo e exploratório que comparou o mesmo processo pré e pósintervenção. Utilizou-se a ferramenta de mapeamento de fluxo de valor em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital de grande porte localizado na cidade de São Paulo com a proposta de identificar pontos críticos e propor ações melhoria. Resultados: A equipe assistencial da unidade realizou o mapeamento do fluxo de valor inicial, identificando oportunidades de melhoria como a implantação de ações de mudanças de fluxos, treinamento e revisão de tarefas. Com a elaboração do mapa de fluxo de valor atual, pode destacar uma redução no tempo da alta da unidade de terapia intensiva em 97 minutos, o que representou aproximadamente 26,7% do tempo total. Conclusão: A utilização da ferramenta Mapa de Fluxo de Valor teve implicações positivas para a gestão por processos pela possibilidade da visão sistêmica de todas as etapas, identificação de oportunidades e melhoria prática assistencial. (AU)

Objective: To realize the value stream mapping proposing improvements of the intensive care unit discharge process. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and exploratory study that compared two moments of a process. The value stream mapping tool was used in an intensive care unit of a hospital located in the city of São Paulo with the purpose of identifying critical points and proposing improvement actions. Results: The unit's care team carried out the mapping of the initial value flow, identifying opportunities for improvement such as the implementation of actions to change flows, training and task review. With the elaboration of the current value flow map, a reduction in the time of discharge from the intensive care unit of 97 minutes can be highlighted, which represented approximately 26.7% of the total time. Conclusion: The use of the Value Stream Map tool had positive implications for process management due to the possibility of a systemic view of all stages, identification of opportunities and improvement in care practice. (AU)

Objetivo: Realizar el mapeo de la cadena de proponiendo mejoras en el proceso de alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos a la unidad de hospitalización. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y exploratorio que comparó el mismo proceso pre y posintervención. La herramienta de mapeo de la cadena de valor se utilizó en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un gran hospital ubicado en la ciudad de São Paulo con el propósito de identificar puntos críticos y proponer acciones de mejora. Resultados: El equipo de atención de la unidad realizó el mapeo del flujo de valor inicial, identificando oportunidades de mejora como la implementación de acciones de cambio de flujos, capacitación y revisión de tareas. Con la elaboración del mapa de flujo de valor actual, se puede resaltar una reducción en el tiempo de alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos de 97 minutos, lo que representó aproximadamente el 26,7% del tiempo total. Conclusión: El uso de la herramienta para mapear el flujo tiene implicaciones positivas para la gestión de procesos debido a la posibilidad de una visión sistémica de todas las etapas, identificación de oportunidades y mejora en la práctica asistencial. (AU)

Decreasing delays in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Brazil: a nationwide multicenter observational study.

BACKGROUND: Management delays imply worse outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, therefore, should be minimized. We evaluated changes in diagnostic and treatment delays regarding RA in the last decades in Brazil. METHODS: Adults fulfilling the ACR/EULAR (2010) criteria for RA were assessed. Delays in diagnosis and treatment, and the frequencies of early management initiation within thresholds (windows of opportunity) of 3, 6, and 12 months from symptoms onset were evaluated. The Mann-Kendall trend test, chi-squared tests with Cramer's V effect sizes and analysis of variance were conducted. RESULTS: We included 1116 patients: 89.4% female, 56.8% white, mean (SD) age 57.1 (11.5) years. A downward trend was found in diagnostic (tau = - 0.677, p < 0.001) and treatment (tau = - 0.695, p < 0.001) delays from 1990 to 2015. The frequency of early management increased throughout the period, with ascending effect sizes across the 3-, 6-, and 12-month windows (V = 0.120, 0.200 and 0.261, respectively). Despite all improvements, even in recent years (2011-2015) the diagnostic and treatment delays still remained unacceptably high [median (IQR): 8 (4-12) and 11 (5-17) months, respectively], with only 17.2% of the patients treated within the shortest, 3-month window. CONCLUSION: The delays in diagnosis and treatment of RA decreased during the last decades in Brazil. Improvements (effect sizes) were greater at eliminating extreme delays (≥ 12 months) than in attaining really short management windows (≤ 3 months). Very early treatment was still an unrealistic goal for most patients with RA.

Construction of a logical model of the line of care for people with chronic kidney disease / Construção de modelo lógico da linha de cuidado da pessoa com doença renal crônica

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To build and validate a logical model of the line of care for people with chronic kidney disease. METHODS This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with documentary research and analysis of primary data collected in interviews with key informants, carried out from May to September 2019, in the Guarani Aquifer Health Region, belonging to the Regional Health Department 13. Based on the theoretical framework proposed by McLaughlin and Jordan, five stages were followed: collection of relevant information; description of the problem and context; defining the elements of the logical model; construction and validation. RESULTS The logical model was organized into three care dimensions - primary health care, specialized care and high complexity care - composed of structure, process and result components. CONCLUSION The constructed logical model has the potential to contribute to the assessment of the line of care for people with chronic kidney disease, in order to achieve better results in the management of this disease, something that favors both the patient and the health system.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Construir e validar um modelo lógico da linha de cuidado da pessoa com doença renal crônica. MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo e com abordagem qualitativa, sendo feitas pesquisa documental e análise de dados primários coletados em entrevistas com informantes-chave, realizadas de maio a setembro de 2019, na Região de Saúde do Aquífero Guarani, pertencente ao Departamento Regional de Saúde 13. A partir do referencial teórico proposto por McLaughlin e Jordan, foram seguidas cinco etapas: a coleta de informações relevantes; a descrição do problema e do contexto; a definição dos elementos do modelo lógico; e a construção e validação. RESULTADOS O modelo lógico foi organizado em três dimensões assistenciais - atenção primária à saúde, atenção especializada e atenção de alta complexidade - compostas pelos componentes de estrutura, processo e resultado. CONCLUSÃO O modelo lógico construído tem potencial para contribuir com a avaliação da linha de cuidado da pessoa com doença renal crônica, ao visar o alcance de melhores resultados no manejo dessa doença, o que favorece tanto o seu portador quanto o sistema de saúde.

Abordaje médico, recuperación funcional y cambios en las imágenes en tres niños con síndrome de fosa posterior en un centro de neurorrehabilitación. Serie de casos / Medical approach, functional recovery, and imaging changes in three children with posterior fossa syndrome in a neurorehabilitation center. A case series

RESUMEN Introducción: El tratamiento del tumor de fosa posterior implica la resección quirúrgica, sola o en combinación con tratamientos coadyuvantes, como la radioterapia y quimioterapia. Luego de la resección quirúrgica, el 20-30% de los niños presentan síndrome de fosa posterior. En esta serie de casos, describimos el abordaje médico y la recuperación funcional de tres niños con síndrome de fosa posterior en una clínica de rehabilitación de Buenos Aires. Presentación de los casos: Se analizaron tres niños (dos de sexo masculino y uno femenino), de entre 5 y 15 años de edad, con síndrome de fosa posterior dentro de los 30 días postquirúrgicos e internados para neurorrehabilitación entre el 2016 y 2021. Se realizaron evaluaciones, previo y posterior a la rehabilitación, de los hallazgos en los estudios de imágenes, de las manifestaciones neurológicas mediante la escala para la evaluación y calificación de la ataxia (SARA) y de la movilidad funcional mediante la escala de movilidad funcional (FMS). Conclusión: Al alta del centro de rehabilitación, los tres niños evidenciaron mejoría en las manifestaciones neurológicas, la movilidad funcional y los hallazgos en las imágenes. Sugerimos la realización de estudios prospectivos con mayor tamaño mue stral y utilizando escalas validadas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The treatment of posterior fossa tumors involves surgical resection, either alone or in combination with adjuvant treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After surgical resection, 20-30% of children experience posterior fossa syndrome. In this case series, we describe the medical approach and functional recovery of three children with posterior fossa syndrome in a rehabilitation center in Buenos Aires. Case presentation: Three children (two male and one female), between 5 and 15 years of age, with posterior fossa syndrome within 30 days after surgery, and hospitalized for neurorehabilitation between 2016 and 2021 were analyzed. We evaluated imaging findings, neurological manifestations with the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), and functional mobility with the functional mobility scale (FMS) before and after rehabilitation. Conclusion: Upon discharge from the rehabilitation center, all three children showed improvement in neurological manifestations, functional mobility, and imaging findings. We suggest conducting prospective studies on a larger sample size and with validated scales.

Do it fast! Early access to specialized care improved long-term outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: data from the REAL multicenter observational study

Abstract Background Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) offers an opportunity for better treatment outcomes. In real-life settings, grasping this opportunity might depend on access to specialized care. We evaluated the effects of early versus late assessment by the rheumatologist on the diagnosis, treatment initiation and long-term outcomes of RA under real-life conditions. Methods Adults meeting the ACR/EULAR (2010) or ARA (1987) criteria for RA were included. Structured interviews were conducted. The specialized assessment was deemed "early" when the rheumatologist was the first or second physician consulted after symptoms onset, and "late" when performed afterwards. Delays in RA diagnosis and treatment were inquired. Disease activity (DAS28-CRP) and physical function (HAQ-DI) were evaluated. Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared and correlation tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. For sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched subsample of early- vs. late-assessed participants was derived based on logistic regression. The study received ethical approval; all participants signed informed consent. Results We included 1057 participants (89.4% female, 56.5% white); mean (SD) age: 56.9 (11.5) years; disease duration: 173.1 (114.5) months. Median (IQR) delays from symptoms onset to both RA diagnosis and initial treatment coincided: 12 (6-36) months, with no significant delay between diagnosis and treatment. Most participants (64.6%) first sought a general practitioner. Notwithstanding, 80.7% had the diagnosis established only by the rheumatologist. Only a minority (28.7%) attained early RA treatment (≤ 6 months of symptoms). Diagnostic and treatment delays were strongly correlated (rho 0.816; p < 0.001). The chances of missing early treatment more than doubled when the assessment by the rheumatologist was belated (OR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.93, 3.97). After long disease duration, late-assessed participants still presented lower chances of remission/low disease activity (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99), while the early-assessed ones showed better DAS28-CRP and HAQ-DI scores (difference in means [95% CI]: −0.25 [−0.46, −0.04] and − 0.196 [−0.306, −0.087] respectively). The results in the propensity-score matched subsample confirmed those observed in the original (whole) sample. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment initiation in patients with RA was critically dependent on early access to the rheumatologist; late specialized assessment was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes.

Decreasing delays in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Brazil: a nationwide multicenter observational study

Abstract Background Management delays imply worse outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, therefore, should be minimized. We evaluated changes in diagnostic and treatment delays regarding RA in the last decades in Brazil. Methods Adults fulfilling the ACR/EULAR (2010) criteria for RA were assessed. Delays in diagnosis and treatment, and the frequencies of early management initiation within thresholds (windows of opportunity) of 3, 6, and 12 months from symptoms onset were evaluated. The Mann-Kendall trend test, chi-squared tests with Cramer's V effect sizes and analysis of variance were conducted. Results We included 1116 patients: 89.4% female, 56.8% white, mean (SD) age 57.1 (11.5) years. A downward trend was found in diagnostic (tau = - 0.677, p < 0.001) and treatment (tau = - 0.695, p < 0.001) delays from 1990 to 2015. The frequency of early management increased throughout the period, with ascending effect sizes across the 3-, 6-, and 12-month windows (V = 0.120, 0.200 and 0.261, respectively). Despite all improvements, even in recent years (2011-2015) the diagnostic and treatment delays still remained unacceptably high [median (IQR): 8 (4-12) and 11 (5-17) months, respectively], with only 17.2% of the patients treated within the shortest, 3-month window. Conclusion The delays in diagnosis and treatment of RA decreased during the last decades in Brazil. Improvements (effect sizes) were greater at eliminating extreme delays (≥ 12 months) than in attaining really short management windows (≤ 3 months). Very early treatment was still an unrealistic goal for most patients with RA.

Quality assessment of prenatal and puerperium care

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate prenatal and puerperium care levels received and identify their association with sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2020 and included women who gave birth at the Municipal Hospital of Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews and review of portfolios and medical records. The variables extracted from the prenatal protocols of Paraná and the Ministry of Health were grouped into five compliance indices: CI1 - clinical examination; CI2 - health education; CI3 - queries; CI4 - examinations and vaccines; and CI5 - postpartum appointments. Prenatal care was considered adequate when 80% or more adequacy was obtained. Results A total of 307 women participated in this study. Prenatal compliance was 16.6% considering the entire set of variables. The best performance was for CI4 (54.7%) and the worst for CI5 (13.3%). The lowest adequacy occurred among single women (10.9%) compared to those who lived with a partner (19.9%) (p=0.043) and among women with black/brown skin color (9.5%) compared to those with white/yellow skin color (20.3%) (p=0.016). Conclusion Most women did not receive adequate care, with those in situations of greater social vulnerability received worse quality care.

Avaliação dos efeitos da implementação de checklists cirúrgicos em pacientes submetidos a artroplastias de quadril/joelho: um estudo pré e pós-intervenções / Evaluation of the effects of implementing surgical checklists in patients undergoing hip/knee arthroplasty: a pre- and post-intervention study

Resumo: Este estudo analisou o efeito da implementação de checklists cirúrgicos em pacientes submetidos a artroplastias de quadril/joelho em hospital público e de ensino brasileiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa, do tipo análise dos efeitos, documental de abordagem quantitativa, com consulta retrospectiva em amostra aleatória simples de 291 prontuários, distribuídos entre os períodos pré-intervenção, intervenção I e intervenção II (2010/2013/2016), respectivos ao período anterior e posterior à implementação de duas modalidades de checklists. A revisão dos registros foi sistematizada em duas fases. A fase I (revisão primária) consistiu no rastreamento e registro de potenciais eventos adversos, utilizando-se formulários preconizados pelo protocolo do Canadian Adverse Events Study e do módulo cirúrgico do Global Trigger Tool do Institute of Healthcare Improvement. A fase II (revisão secundária) objetivou confirmar os eventos adversos, o grau de dano e o potencial de evitabilidade por comitê de especialistas, formados de modo intencional por dois enfermeiros e um médico. As variáveis quantitativas foram descritas por estatística descritiva univariada e as categóricas foram descritas por frequências absoluta e relativa. Para comparar os períodos pré e pós-intervenções, aplicou-se o modelo de análise da variância (ANOVA) com um fator ou o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. As comparações múltiplas foram realizadas pelo teste post-hoc de Dunn e valores de p-valor corrigidos por Bonferroni. O teste exato de Fisher e o teste de Qui-quadrado foram usados para comparar as variáveis categóricas. Para as comparações do tempo dos processos operatórios entre os pacientes (com ou sem checklist) utilizou-se o teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Para análise de fatores associados à probabilidade de ocorrência de evento (sim ou não) foram ajustados modelos de regressão logística, com aplicação do teste de Wald para avaliar a significância das variáveis e medida de associação estimada pela odds ratio, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. A condição de normalidade das variáveis quantitativas foi avaliada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Valores de p < ou igual 0,05 indicaram significância estatística. Os resultados indicam redução, significativa, da prevalência de evento adverso de 63,9%, 50,5% e 36,1% (p<0,001), para os períodos pré e pós-intervenções I e II, respectivamente, com destaque na prevalência de pacientes acometidos por retenção urinária (33%; 14,4%; 3,1%, p<0,001) e por hemorragia (9,3%; 7,2%; 0%, p=0,012). O inverso ocorreu para casos de lesões de pele (lesão por posicionamento cirúrgico/lesão por dispositivo/adesivo médico) que passou de 2,1% - pré-intervenções, para 10,3% - pós-intervenções (p=0,043). Quanto ao número de evento por paciente, nota-se que houve diminuição de pacientes acometidos por dois ou mais eventos, com variação de 27,8% (antes das intervenções) para 11,3% (p=0,002) após a intervenção II. Reduziu-se significativamente o tempo (horas) de entrada-saída da sala cirúrgica (p=0,002), do tempo de cirurgia (p<0,001) e entre o início-anestesia e início-incisão (p=0,021). O tempo (dias) de permanência hospitalar aumentou no período pré e pós-intervenção I (p=0,006). Após a intervenção I constatou-se que o tempo (horas) da entrada-saída da sala cirúrgica e de início-término da anestesia foi superior entre os pacientes com eventos adversos (p<0,001), e entre o tempo da cirurgia (p=0,001) quando comparados aos pacientes sem eventos. No entanto, não foi encontrada diferença significativa no tempo dos processos operatórios e na ocorrência de eventos adversos entre pacientes com e sem o uso dos checklists (p > ou = 0,05). Conclui-se que a implementação dos checklists cirúrgicos potencialmente impactou na redução do tempo médio dos processos operatórios e na prevalência de eventos adversos. A pesquisa potencialmente favorecerá decisões atinentes para que gestores, profissionais da prática, do ensino, da academia e da pesquisa fortaleçam estratégias para o uso adequado de checklists cirúrgicos, com vistas a atender as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde e do Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente.

Abstract: This study analyzed the effect of implementing surgical checklists in patients undergoing hip/knee arthroplasty in a public and Brazilian teaching hospital. This is evaluative research, such as effects analysis, documentary quantitative approach, with retrospective consultation in a simple random sample of 291 medical records, distributed between the pre-intervention, intervention I and intervention II periods (2010/2013/2016) the period before and after the implementation of two types of checklists. The review of the records was systematized in two phases. Phase I (primary review) consisted of screening and recording of potential adverse events, using forms recommended by the Canadian Adverse Events Study protocol and the surgical module of the Institute of Healthcare Improvement's Global Trigger Tool. Phase II (secondary review) aimed to confirm the adverse events, the degree of damage and the potential for preventability by a committee of experts, intentionally formed by two nurses and a doctor. Quantitative variables were described by univariate descriptive statistics and categorical variables were described by absolute and relative frequencies. To compare the pre- and post-intervention periods, the model of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a factor or the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. Multiple comparisons were performed by post-hoc Dunn test and p-value values corrected by Bonferroni. Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test were used to compare categorical variables. The Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was used to compare the time of the operative processes between patients (with or without Checklist). For the analysis of factors associated with the probability of occurrence of event (yes or no) logistic regression models were adjusted, with application of the Waldtest to assess the significance of the variables and measure of association estimated by the odds ratio, with 95% confidence intervals. The normality condition of the quantitative variables was evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Values of p < or = 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The results indicate a significant reduction in the prevalence of adverse events of 63.9%, 50.5% and 36.1% (p<0.001), for the pre- and post-intervention periods I and II, respectively, with emphasis on the prevalence of patients affected by urinary retention (33%; 14.4%; 3.1%, p<0.001) and bleeding (9.3%; 7.2%; 0%, p=0.012). The reverse occurred for cases of skin lesions (surgical positioning injury/device injury/medical adhesive) that went from 2.1% - pre-interventions, to 10.3% - post-interventions (p=0.043). As for the number of events per patient, there was a decrease in patients affected by two or more events, ranging from 27.8% (before interventions) to 11.3% (p=0.002) after intervention II. The time (hours) of entry-exit from the surgical room (p=0.002), the time of surgery (p<0.001) and between the beginning-anesthesia and the beginning-incision (p=0.021) were significantly reduced. The length (days) of hospital stays increased in the pre- and post-intervention period I (p=0.006). After the intervention I it was found that the time (hours) of entry-exit from the surgical room and start-end of anesthesia was higher among patients with adverse events (p<0.001), and between the time of surgery (p=0.001) when compared to patients without events. However, no significant difference was found in the time of the operative processes and in the occurrence of adverse events among patients with and without the use of checklists (p > or = 0.05). It is concluded that the implementation of surgical checklists potentially impacted on the reduction of the mean time of the operative processes and the prevalence of adverse events. The research will potentially favor related decisions so that managers, professionals of practice, teaching, academia and research strengthen strategies for the proper use of surgical checklists, with a view to meeting the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the National Patient Safety Program.

Resumen: Este estudio analizó el efecto de la implementación de checklists quirúrgicos em pacientes sometidos a artroplastias de cadera/rodilla en hospital público y de enseñanza brasileño. Se trata de una investigación evaluativa, del tipo análisis de los efectos, documental de abordaje cuantitativo, con consulta retrospectiva en muestra aleatoria simple de 291 prontuarios, distribuidos entre los períodos pre-intervención, intervención I e intervención II (2010/2013/2016) respectivos al período anterior y posterior a la aplicación de modalidades de listas de comprobación. La revisión de los registros se sistematizó en las fases. La fase I (revisión primaria) consistió en el rastreo y registro de potenciales eventos adversos, utilizándose formularios preconizados por el protocolo del Canadian Adverse Events Study y del módulo quirúrgico del Global Trigger Tool del Institute of Healthcare Improvement. La fase II (revisión secundaria) tuvo como objetivo confirmar los eventos adversos, el grado de daño y el potencial de evitabilidad por comité de expertos, formados de manera intencional por dos enfermeros y un médico. Las variables cuantitativas fueron descritas por estadística descriptiva univariada y las categóricas fueron descritas por frecuencias absoluta y relativa. Para comparar los períodos pre y post-intervención, se aplicó el modelo de análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) con un factor o la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. Las comparaciones múltiples fueron realizadas por la prueba post-hoc de Dunn y valores de p-valor corregidos por Bonferroni. La prueba exacta de Fisher y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado fueron utilizadas para comparar las variables categóricas. Para las comparaciones del tiempo de los procesos operatorios entre los pacientes (con o sin Checklist) se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica de Mann-Whitney. Para el análisis de factores asociados a la probabilidad de ocurrencia de evento (sí o no) se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística, con aplicación de la prueba de Wald para evaluar la significación de las variables y medida de asociación estimada por la odds ratio, con intervalos de confianza del 95%. La condición de normalidad de las variables cuantitativas fue evaluada por la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Los valores de p < o = 0,05 indicaron significación estadística. Los resultados indican reducción, significativa, de la prevalencia de evento adverso de 63,9%, 50,5% y 36,1% (p<0,001), para los períodos pre y post-intervenciones I y II, respectivamente, con destaque en la prevalencia de pacientes acometidos por retención urinaria (33%; 14,4%; 3,1%, p<0,001) y por hemorragia (9,3%; 7,2%; 0%, p=0,012). El inverso ocurrió para casos de lesiones de piel (lesión por posicionamiento quirúrgico/lesión por dispositivo/adhesivo médico) que pasó de 2,1% - pre-intervenciones, para 10,3% - post-intervenciones (p=0,043). En cuanto al número de evento por paciente, se nota que hubo disminución de pacientes afectados por dos más eventos, con variación de 27,8% (antes de las intervenciones) para 11,3% (p=0,002) después de la intervención II. Se redujo significativamente el tiempo (horas) de entrada-salida de la sala quirúrgica (p=0,002), del tiempo de cirugía (p<0,001) y entre el inicio-anestesia e inicio-incisión (p=0,021). El tiempo (días) de permanencia hospitalaria aumentó en el período pre y post-intervención I (p=0,006). Después de la intervención I se constató que el tiempo (horas) de la entrada-salida de la sala quirúrgica y de inicio-término de la anestesia fue superior entre los pacientes con acontecimientos adversos (p<0,001), y entre el tiempo de la cirugía (p=0,001) cuando están comparados a los pacientes sin acontecimientos. Sin embargo, no se encontró diferencia significativa en el tiempo de los procesos operatorios y en la ocurrencia de eventos adversos entre pacientes com y sin el uso de los checklists (p > o = 0,05). Se concluye que la implementación de los checklists quirúrgicos potencialmente impactó en la reducción del tiempo medio de los procesos operatorios y en la prevalencia de eventos adversos. La investigación potencialmente favorecerá decisiones relevantes para que gestores, profesionales de la práctica, de la enseñanza, de la academia y de la investigación fortalezcan estrategias para el uso adecuado de checklists quirúrgicos, con el fin de cumplir com las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y el Programa Nacional de Seguridad del Paciente.

Experiência no gerenciamento de pesquisa-ação sobre inquérito de hepatite C junto à comunidade carcerária / Experience in managing action research on hepatitis C survey in the prison community

Resumo Objetivou-se relatar a experiência no gerenciamento de pesquisa-ação sobre inquérito de hepatite C junto à comunidade carcerária no Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. A proposta foi desenvolvida entre março de 2019 e março de 2020, alcançando 240 pessoas, com o intuito de conter a disseminação do agravo por meio de inquérito, testagem e acompanhamento dos casos positivos. Adotou-se ação intersetorial, com articulação entre universidades, sociedade médica, hospital de ensino e Secretaria de Estado de Justiça e Segurança Pública. As estratégias para o gerenciamento da pesquisa-ação foram: cenários e atores do estudo, registro e formalização da atividade, aplicação dos testes e manejo dos internos reagentes. Dificuldades foram identificadas quanto à acomodação de rotinas entre equipe de pesquisadores e funcionamento próprio da penitenciária, o que exigiu treinamento ostensivo entre as partes e articulações gerenciais. Considera-se que o relato, quando destaca as estratégias adotadas para a condução da pesquisa, colabora para a organização de investigações futuras que visem acessar essa população ainda invisibilizada.

Abstract We aimed to report the experience in managing action research on hepatitis C investigation in the prison community in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The proposal was developed from March 2019 to March 2020, reaching 240 people to contain the spread of the disease through a survey, testing, and monitoring of positive cases. We adopted intersectoral action with articulation between Universities, Medical Society, Teaching Hospital, and State Secretariat for Justice and Public Security. Strategies for the management of action research are described: study settings and stakeholders, registration and formalization of the activity, application of tests, and management of reagent inmates. We identified difficulties regarding the accommodation of routines among the research team and the proper functioning of the penitentiary, which required extensive training between the parties and managerial articulations. We consider that the report collaborates with the organization of future research aimed at accessing this still invisible population, the prison community when it highlights the strategies adopted to conduct the research.