Establishing a Cancer Rehabilitation Service in a Middle-Income Country: an Experience from Brazil.

Purpose of Review: Our aim is to provide a historical review of the implementation of a cancer rehabilitation center in Brazil, active since 2008. We expect this data to support the implementation of other centers both in Brazil and worldwide. Recent Findings: Cancer rehabilitation delivery is fragmented and punctuated in most cases, and cancer rehabilitation centers are rare. Data on how to establish rehabilitation centers could facilitate the implementation of new centers. We provide data on what was our strategy for hiring, establishing treatment protocols, barriers, and facilitators. We also provide figures on the number of each rehabilitation specialist, as well as the general standard operating procedures of our rehabilitation center, among other features. Summary: Establishing cancer rehabilitation centers in a middle-income country is feasible. We expect that our experience may facilitate the establishment of new cancer rehabilitation services and the improvement of current ones.

Índice de eficiencia miocárdica en cardiópatas posterior a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca / Myocardial efficiency index in patients with heart disease after a cardiac rehabilitation program

Resumen Objetivo: El índice de eficiencia miocárdica (IEM) correlaciona el consumo miocárdico de oxígeno (MVO2) con el consumo máximo de oxígeno, el cual proporciona información sobre la eficiencia cardiovascular (EfCV). En deportistas, el IEM mejora posterior a un microciclo de entrenamiento, en el paciente con enfermedad cardiovascular sometido a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca y prevención secundaria PRHCyPS, el comportamiento del IEM podría resultar un estimador relacionado con mejoría derivado de un periodo de entrenamiento. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el comportamiento del IEM posterior a un PRCyPS en pacientes con cardiopatías y riesgo cardiovascular alto (RCVA). Métodos: Estudio de cohorte ambilectivo, descriptivo, analítico, no aleatorizado. Se seleccionaron pacientes con cardiopatías de etiología mixta con RCVA ingresados a un PRCyPS durante 4-6 semanas. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una prueba de ejercicio máximo en banda antes y después del PRCyPS. Se determinaron umbrales de consumo de oxígeno (VO2) pico, equivalentes metabólicos-carga, doble producto e IEM. Se estableció un punto de corte del IEM mediante una curva ROC con un valor de 7.37 con un área bajo la curva de 0.68 (IC 95%: 0.61-0.76; p < 0.001), sensibilidad 0.60 y 1-especificidad de 0.35. Resultados: Se incluyeron 193 pacientes con una media de edad de 62.3 años, en su mayoría del sexo masculino (66.2%). Se observaron porcentajes de cambio en el IEM -27.1% (p < 0.001), MET 43.1% (p < 0.001), doble producto 5.7% (p < 0.01) y MVO2: 8.3% (p < 0.01) al término del PRCyPS. Conclusiones: Se observó un cambio significativo en el IEM posterior a un PRCyPS, lo cual se asoció a una mejoría en la EfCV, sugiriendo que este pueda considerarse como un parámetro clínico que evaluar en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca.

Abstract Objective: The myocardial efficiency index (MEI) correlates the Myocardial Oxygen Consumption (MVO2) with the Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2max), this index provides information about the cardiovascular efficiency (CVEf). In athletes, the MEI improves after a micro-cycle training, however in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (CRP), IEM behavior could be a good estimator related to the improvement training period. The objective of this study was to determine the myocardial efficiency index behavior in patients with heart disease and high cardiovascular risk (HCVR) after a CRP. Methods: Ambilective, descriptive, analytical, non-randomized cohort study was conducted. Patients with heart disease of mixed etiology and HCVR admitted to a CRP for 4-6 weeks were selected. All patients performed a maximal exercise test in band before and after the CPR. Thresholds of VO2 peak, METs-load, Double product (DP) and MEI were determined. A cut-off point for the MEI was established using a ROC curve with a value of 7.37, area under the curve: 0.68 (95% CI 0.61 - 0.76, p < 0.001), sensitivity 0.60 and 1-specificity 0.35. Results: 193 patients with a mean age of 62.3 years were included, predominantly men (66.2%). Percentages changes in the MEI-27.1% (p < 0.001),METs-43.1% (p < 0.001),DP 5.7% (p < 0.01), and MVO2: 8.3% (p < 0.01) were observed at the end of CRP. Conclusions: Significant change in the MEI were observed after CRP associated to CVEf improvement, suggesting that this parameter could be considered as a good clinical tool in the CRP care programs.

Myocardial efficiency index in patients with heart disease after a cardiac rehabilitation program.

OBJECTIVE: The myocardial efficiency index (MEI) correlates the Myocardial Oxygen Consumption (MVO2) with the Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2max), this index provides information about the cardiovascular efficiency (CVEf). In athletes, the MEI improves after a micro-cycle training, however in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (CRP), IEM behavior could be a good estimator related to the improvement training period. The objective of this study was to determine the myocardial efficiency index behavior in patients with heart disease and high cardiovascular risk (HCVR) after a CRP. METHODS: Ambilective, descriptive, analytical, non-randomized cohort study was conducted. Patients with heart disease of mixed etiology and HCVR admitted to a CRP for 4-6 weeks were selected. All patients performed a maximal exercise test in band before and after the CPR. Thresholds of VO2 peak, METs-load, Double product (DP) and MEI were determined. A cut-off point for the MEI was established using a ROC curve with a value of 7.37, area under the curve: 0.68 (95% CI 0.61 - 0.76, p < 0.001), sensitivity 0.60 and 1-specificity 0.35. RESULTS: 193 patients with a mean age of 62.3 years were included, predominantly men (66.2%). Percentages changes in the MEI-27.1% (p < 0.001),METs-43.1% (p < 0.001),DP 5.7% (p < 0.01), and MVO2: 8.3% (p < 0.01) were observed at the end of CRP. CONCLUSIONS: Significant change in the MEI were observed after CRP associated to CVEf improvement, suggesting that this parameter could be considered as a good clinical tool in the CRP care programs.

OBJETIVO: El índice de eficiencia miocárdica (IEM) correlaciona el consumo miocárdico de oxígeno (MVO2) con el consumo máximo de oxígeno, el cual proporciona información sobre la eficiencia cardiovascular (EfCV). En deportistas, el IEM mejora posterior a un microciclo de entrenamiento, en el paciente con enfermedad cardiovascular sometido a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca y prevención secundaria PRHCyPS, el comportamiento del IEM podría resultar un estimador relacionado con mejoría derivado de un periodo de entrenamiento. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el comportamiento del IEM posterior a un PRCyPS en pacientes con cardiopatías y riesgo cardiovascular alto (RCVA). MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte ambilectivo, descriptivo, analítico, no aleatorizado. Se seleccionaron pacientes con cardiopatías de etiología mixta con RCVA ingresados a un PRCyPS durante 4-6 semanas. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una prueba de ejercicio máximo en banda antes y después del PRCyPS. Se determinaron umbrales de consumo de oxígeno (VO2) pico, equivalentes metabólicos-carga, doble producto e IEM. Se estableció un punto de corte del IEM mediante una curva ROC con un valor de 7.37 con un área bajo la curva de 0.68 (IC 95%: 0.61-0.76; p < 0.001), sensibilidad 0.60 y 1-especificidad de 0.35. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 193 pacientes con una media de edad de 62.3 años, en su mayoría del sexo masculino (66.2%). Se observaron porcentajes de cambio en el IEM ­27.1% (p < 0.001), MET 43.1% (p < 0.001), doble producto 5.7% (p < 0.01) y MVO2: 8.3% (p < 0.01) al término del PRCyPS. CONCLUSIONES: Se observó un cambio significativo en el IEM posterior a un PRCyPS, lo cual se asoció a una mejoría en la EfCV, sugiriendo que este pueda considerarse como un parámetro clínico que evaluar en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca.

Cost-effectiveness of an exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation program in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy in Brazil: An analysis from the PEACH study.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of an exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) program in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). METHODS: Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomised clinical trial evaluating the effects of a 6-month exercise-based CR program. The intervention group underwent 3 weekly exercise sessions. The variation of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak ) was used as a measurement of clinical outcome. Cost information from all healthcare expenses (examinations, healthcare visits, medication and hospitalisation) were obtained from the medical records in Brazilian reais (R$) and transformed into dollars using the purchasing power parity ($PPP). The longitudinal costs variation was evaluated through linear mixed models, represented by ß coefficient, adjusted for the baseline values of the dependent variable. The cost-effectiveness evaluation was determined through an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using the HEABS package (Stata 15.0). RESULTS: The intervention group presented higher costs with healthcare visits (ß = +3317.3; p < 0.001), hospitalisation (ß = +2810.4; p = 0.02) and total cost (ß = +6407.9; p < 0.001) after 3 months of follow-up. Costs related to healthcare visits (ß = +2455.8; p < 0.001) and total cost (ß = +4711.4; p < 0.001) remained higher in the intervention group after 6 months. The CR program showed an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $PPP 1874.3 for each increase of 1.0 ml kg-1  min-1 of VO2peak . CONCLUSIONS: The CR program can be considered a cost-effective alternative and should be included as an intervention strategy in the care of patients with CCC.

Efecto del Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca del Hospital San Vicente Paúl sobre parámetros bioquímicos, antropométricos y funcionales en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica del 1º de enero del 2014 al 31 de diciembre del 2015 / Effect of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program of the Hospital San Vicente Paúl on biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters in patients with ischemic heart disease from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca (RHC) son considerados como los más eficaces entre las intervenciones de prevención secundaria. El cual su función es mejorar la sobrevida como así también, la calidad de vida de estos enfermos. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de un Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca en pacientes portadores de cardiopatía isquémica con respecto a parámetros bioquímicos, antropométricos y funcionales. Pacientes y métodos: Fue un estudio observacional retrospectivo, unicéntrico, con seguimiento de 3 años. Se incluyo un total de 228 pacientes. Con criterios de inclusión: >18 años, con EAC y al menos una comorbilidad de riesgo cardiovascular que completaran el PRC. Se excluyó enfermedad valvular sin cardiopatía isquémica preexistente, infarto agudo al miocardio reciente, ángor inestable, obstrucción del tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo, y los que no cumplieron el PRC. Resultados: De los 228 pacientes que se incluyeron el PRC del HSVP el 70,7% eran hombres y el 29,3% eran mujeres con diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica. El promedio de edad era de 60.2 +- 11.4 años en total entre hombres y mujeres. El peso de los pacientes masculinos previo al ingreso del PRC fue de 77,7 kg +-13,2 kg, y las mujeres 69,7 kg +- 13,1 kg. Al final del fue de 75,5 kg +-13,1 kg y el de las mujeres era de 68,3 +- 13,1 kg. En la caminata de 6 minutos el promedio de mujeres al inicio fue de 390,0 mts y el de los hombres de 386,6, y la segunda vez posterior a la rehabilitación en hombres fue de 595,8 +- 107,2 y el de las mujeres fue de 549+-102,4. Los niveles de PCR de los hombres al inicio del programa fue de 1,2 +-2,4 mg/dL y el de las mujeres fue de 1,5 +- 1,9 mg/dL al finalizar los hombres tuvieron un promedio de 1,8+-3,0 Conclusiones: Los PRC dependen de la participación de profesionales de la salud que trabajen en equipo para alcanzar resultados finales, los cuales están basados no solo en el ejercicio sino también en el cambio de estilo de vida del paciente, por lo tanto, necesita de servicios asociados como fisioterapia, nutrición, psicología.

Abstract Effect of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program of the Hospital San Vicente Paúl on biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters in patients with ischemic heart disease from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 Introduction and objectives: Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs, are considered the most effective programs among secondary prevention interventions. The function is to improve survival as well as the quality of life of these patients. The main objective of this work is to analyze the impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in patients with ischemic heart disease with the respect biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters. Patients and method: A observational, retrospective single-center, study with a 3-year-follow up. A total of 228 patients were included, witch 70.7% were men with an average of 60.2+-11.4 years. The inclusion criteria were: > 18 years with CAD and at least one cardiovascular risk comorbidity and completed the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. Valvular disease without pre-existing ischemic heart disease, recent acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and those who did not went to the Program. Results: The 228 patients who were included in the HSVP CRP, 70.7% were men and 29.3% were women with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. The average age was 60.2 + - 11.4 years in total between men and women. The weight of male patients prior to admission to the CRP was 77.7 kg + -13.2 kg, and women 69.7 kg + -13.1 kg. At the end of the program, the weight of the men was 75.5 kg + -13.1 kg and that of the women was 68.3 + - 13.1 kg. The total waist circumference at the start of the program was 100.1 ± 11.4 cm. In women the average was 98.4 + - 12.7cm, that of men was 101.1 + - 10.8 cm. At the end of the program, the total average of men and women was 96.7 + - 11.0, the average of women at the end of the program was 96.2 + - 12.6 cm and of men was 96. 9 + - 10. In the 6-minute walk, the average of women at the beginning was 390.0 meters and that of men was 386.6, and the second time after rehabilitation in men was 595.8 + - 107.2 and the of women it was 549 + -102.4. In men, the previous total cholesterol was 154.8 + -39.7 mg / dL and that of women was 162.0 + -40.2 mg / dL and at the end of the program the value of men was 161 .6 + -46.0 mg / dL and 170.8 + -41.8 mg / dL for women. The CRP levels of the men at the beginning of the program was 1.2 + -2.4 mg / dL and that of the women was 1.5 + - 1.9 mg / dL at the end of the program, the men had an average of 1.8 + -3.0. Conclusion: The Cardiac Rehabilitation Program depends on the partipation of health professionals care who work as a team to achieve final results, witch are based not only on exercise but also on the change in the patient's lifestyle, therefore, they need associated services such as physiotherapy, nutrition, psychology.

WeChat-based education and rehabilitation program in unprotected left main coronary artery disease patients after coronary artery bypass grafting: an effective approach in reducing anxiety, depression, loss to follow-up, and improving quality of life

This study aimed to investigate the effect of WeChat-based education and rehabilitation program (WERP) on anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), major adverse cardiac/cerebrovascular events (MACCE)-free survival, and loss to follow-up rate in unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In this randomized controlled study, 140 ULMCAD patients who underwent CABG were randomly assigned to WERP group (n=70) or control care (CC) group (n=70). During the 12-month intervention period, anxiety and depression (using hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)) and HRQoL (using 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12)) were assessed longitudinally. During the total 36-month follow-up period (12-month intervention and 24-month non-intervention periods), MACCE and loss to follow-up were recorded. During the intervention period, HADS-anxiety score at month 9 (M9) (P=0.047) and month 12 (M12) (P=0.034), anxiety rate at M12 (P=0.028), and HADS-D score at M12 (P=0.048) were all reduced in WERP group compared with CC group. As for HRQoL, SF-12 physical component summary score at M9 (P=0.020) and M12 (P=0.010) and SF-12 mental component summary score at M9 (P=0.040) and M12 (P=0.028) were all increased in WERP group compared with CC group. During the total follow-up period, WERP group displayed a trend of longer MACCE-free survival than that in CC group but without statistical significance (P=0.195). Additionally, loss to follow-up rate was attenuated in WERP group compared with CC group (P=0.033). WERP serves as an effective approach in optimizing mental health care and promoting life quality in ULMCAD patients after CABG.

Noninvasive imaging assessment of rehabilitation therapy in heart failure with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (IMAGING-REHAB-HF): design and rationale.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown significant benefits of exercise therapy in heart failure (HF) with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of exercise in HFrEF and HFpEF are still unclear. We hypothesized that the effect of exercise on myocardial remodeling may explain its beneficial effect. METHODS: IMAGING-REHAB-HF is a single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, vasomotor endothelial function, cardiac sympathetic activity imaging and serum biomarkers to compare the effect of exercise therapy in HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 45%) and HFrEF (LVEF < 45%). Subjects will be assessed at baseline and after 4 months. The exercise program will consist of three 60-min exercise sessions/week. The primary endpoints are the effect of exercise on myocardial extracellular volume (ECV), left ventricular (LV) systolic function, LV mass, LV mass-to-volume and LV cardiomyocyte volume. Secondary endpoints include the effect of exercise on vasomotor endothelial function, cardiac sympathetic activity and plasmatic biomarkers. Patients will be allocated in a 2:1 fashion to supervised exercise program or usual care. A total sample size of 90 patients, divided into two groups according to LVEF:HFpEF group (45 patients:30 in the intervention arm and 15 in the control arm) and HFrEF group (45 patients:30 in the intervention arm and 15 in the control arm) - will be necessary to achieve adequate power. CONCLUSION: This will be the first study to evaluate the benefits of a rehabilitation program on cardiac remodeling in HF patients. The unique design of our study may provide unique data to further elucidate the mechanisms involved in reverse cardiac remodeling after exercise in HFpEF and HFrEF patients.

Exercise through a cardiac rehabilitation program attenuates oxidative stress in patients submitted to coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis. Cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease submitted to coronary artery bypass grafting may prevent cardiovascular events probably through the attenuation of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of a cardiac rehabilitation program in the control of the systemic oxidative stress. METHODS: The studied population consisted of 40 patients, with chronic stable coronary artery disease submitted to coronary artery bypass grafting, who attended a cardiac rehabilitation program. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated in the blood of these patients at different moments. RESULTS: After the onset of cardiac rehabilitation, there was a significant and progressive decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels and protein carbonyls, an initial increase and subsequent decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Also, a progressive increase of uric acid, while ferric reducing antioxidant power levels increased only at the end of the cardiac rehabilitation and a tendency to increase of glutathione contents. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that regular exercise through a cardiac rehabilitation program can attenuate oxidative stress in chronic coronary artery disease patients submitted to coronary artery bypass grafting.

Treatment of the Aged Patients at a Large Cardiac Rehabilitation Center in the Southern Brazil and Some Aspects of Their Dropout from the Therapeutic Programs.

AIM: This paper aims to assess the dropout rate in different age groups through the example of the large cardiac rehabilitation centre affiliated with the Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A historic cohort study comprising the following groups: Non-Old < 65 (n = 141); Young-Old 65-74 (n = 128); and Middle-Old 75-84 years old (n = 57). The exercise program lasted 48 sessions and dropout was defined as attendance of 50% of sessions or less. Logistic binominal regression was performed to assess the risk of dropout. For all analyses, a two-tailed P value of < 0.05 was used. RESULTS: The total dropout rate was 38.6%. The Young-Old and Middle-Old groups showed lower dropouts compared to Non-Old patients (p = 0.01). Young-Old has 96% less risk for dropout compared to Non-Old group (adjusted odds ratios = 1.96 [1.16-3.29]). Furthermore, patients underwent the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft showed a lower rate of dropout (p = 0.001). The absence of CABG involved three times more risk of dropout (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Non-Old and the Middle-Old patients showed higher dropout rates compared to Young-Old. To ensure the best possible rehabilitation and to improve patients´ participation in CR, these programs should be adjusted to the needs of patients in terms of their age.

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation program: effects of a multimodal intervention for patients with Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive impairment without dementia

Abstract Background Non-pharmalogical interventions represent an important complement to standard pharmalogical treatment in dementia. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on cognitive ability, quality of life and depression symptoms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND). Methods Ninety-seven older adults were recruited to the present study. Of these, 70 patients had mild AD and were allocated into experimental (n = 54) or control (n = 16) groups. Two additional active comparison groups were constituted with patients with moderate AD (n = 13) or with CIND (n = 14) who also received the intervention. The multidisciplinary rehabilitation program lasted for 12 weeks and was composed by sessions of memory training, recreational activities, verbal expression and writing, physical therapy and physical training, delivered in two weekly 6-hour sessions. Results As compared to controls, mild AD patients who received the intervention had improvements in cognition (p = 0.021) and quality of life (p = 0.003), along with a reduction in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). As compared to baseline, CIND patients displayed at the end of the intervention improvements in cognition (p = 0.005) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.011). No such benefits were found among patients with moderate AD.Discussion: This multidisciplinary rehabilitation program was beneficial for patients with mild AD and CIND. However, patients with moderate dementia did not benefit from the intervention.

Efeitos de um programa de exercício físico em pacientes com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica / Effects of physical exercise program in patients with obstructive peripheral arterial disease

O objetivo do estudo foi estratificar os fatores de risco cardiovasculares (FR) e avaliar os efeitos de um programa de exercício físico (PEF) por três meses em pacientes diagnosticados com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP) através do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), utilizando como parâmetro a distância total percorrida (DTP), tempo inicial da dor (TID), tempo final da dor (TFD) e tempo total da dor (TTD). O estudo foi composto por 12 voluntários, encaminhados para o programa de Reabilitação Física. Para estratificar os FR houve aplicação de questionário contendo pergunta objetivas com opção de sim ou não sobre tabagismo, diabetes mellitus, etilismo, hipertensão arterial, sedentarismo, hereditariedade, dislipidemia e obesidade, adotou-se o índice de massa corpórea. O TC6 foi realizado em um corredor de 22 metros e o paciente foi orientado a informar aos avaliadores o momento de início da dor (TID) e somente parar quando a dor tornar-se insuportável para continuar a caminhada. O TFD foi estabelecido quando o paciente retornou ao TC6. Ao final do teste foi calculada a DTP que o paciente atingiu. O teste de ANOVA foi utilizado para comparar as condições pré e pós-reabilitação, tendo nível de significância quando p<0,05. Observou-se que todos os pacientes mostraram-se sedentários, 58,3% são dislipidêmicos, 50% são tabagistas, hipertensos e apresentam hereditariedade. Houve diferença significativa na DTP (327,7±83,3 vs 431,7±90,5), TID (01:52±0:36 vs 02:59±0:41) e TTD (01:55±0:14 vs 00:45±0:36) pré e pós-reabilitação. O PEF para pacientes com DAOP se mostrou eficaz na DTP, TID, TTD.

Rehabilitación neuropsicológica en un caso de TDAH con predominio impulsivo / Neuropsychological rehabilitation in a case of ADHD with impulsive predominance

En Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) el síntoma central desde la neuropsicología es el deficiente desarrollo de la organización de su conducta, específicamente de las formas de actividad consciente e intencionalmente orientada. Los niños presentan dificultades en la organización y autorregulación de la conducta y un comportamiento inapropiado respecto a lo que se espera para su edad y desarrollo intelectual, aunque el niño es capaz de formar un propósito para su actividad, no logra mantenerse en ella, es incapaz de planear y seguir una secuencia de acciones para alcanzar el objetivo que se había planteado, los estímulos auditivos y visuales externos lo distraen con facilidad desviándolo de su propósito. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar un programa de intervención Neuropsicológica en un caso de un niño con TDH de predominio impulsivo fundamentado en la identificación de la falla en el mecanismo de regulación y control que afecta la función reguladora del lenguaje para lograr una actividad voluntaria y organizada, se muestran los resultados de la valoración pre, el programa de intervención, la valoración pos y un análisis comparativo. La discusión se establece a partir de la importancia de la función reguladora del Lenguaje para la organización de la actividad voluntaria...

In the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the central symptoms from the neuropsychology aspect, is the poor development of the organization of the behavior, specifically for conscious and intentionally targeted activities. Children have difficulties in self-regulation and organization of their behavior as well as an inappropriate conduct in respect to what is expected for their age and intellectual development. Although the child is capable of developing a purpose for their activity, the child is unable to plan and follow a sequence of actions, and maintain the focus to achieve the objective established. External visual and/or acoustic stimulus can easily distract and deflect them from their activities. The aim of this paper is to show a Neuropsychological intervention program for a case of a child with ADHD with impulsive predominance, based on the identification of the fault in the regulation and control’s mechanism that affects the language regulatory function to achieve an organized and voluntary activity. This paper shows the results of the pre-assessment, intervention program, the post assessment and the comparative analyzes. The discussion is set as regards as the importance of the language regulatory function in organizing a voluntary activity...

Serial transverse enteroplasty allows children with short bowel to wean from parenteral nutrition.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) on parenteral and enteral calories in children with short bowel syndrome, and examine short- and long-term complications. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of prospectively-collected data from a large single center cohort of patients undergoing STEP procedure was analyzed. Baseline demographic and clinical information, operative data, and short- and long-term complications were recorded. Detailed growth and nutritional data were obtained for 6 months prior and 12 months following STEP procedure. RESULTS: Sixty-eight procedures were performed in 51 patients over a 68-month period. Median bowel length at first STEP was 51 cm with a median length gain of 54%. Repeat STEP patients had longer initial length (77 cm) and reduced length gain (20%). Operative times and blood loss were low, with few complications. Parenteral calorie requirement was stable or rising for 6 months prior to STEP, but decreased to median <20 kCal/kg/d at 1 year postop. Longer length gains were associated with higher risk of stricture formation. Seven children were transplanted, and 60% of nontransplanted children were enterally independent, with the remainder making ongoing progress; 48/51 children are alive at a median of 39 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: STEP is shown to be safe, well tolerated, and to have definitive benefit in reducing parenteral calorie requirements over the first year following the procedure. It has an important role in achieving enteral independence in children with short bowel syndrome.

Successful rehabilitation in pediatric ultrashort small bowel syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine treatment outcomes in pediatric patients with ultrashort small bowel (USSB) syndrome in an intestinal rehabilitation program (IRP). STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed IRP records for 2001-2011 and identified 28 children with USSB (≤ 20 cm of small bowel). We performed univariate analysis using the Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare characteristics of children who achieved parenteral nutrition (PN) independence with intact native bowel and those who did not. Growth, nutritional status, and hepatic laboratory test results were compared from the time of enrollment to the most recent values using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: Of the 28 patients identified, 27 (96%) survived. Almost one-half (48%) of these survivors achieved PN independence with their native bowel. The successfully rehabilitated patients were more likely to have an intact colon and ileocecal valve (P = .01). Significant improvements in PN kcal/kg, total bilirubin, and height and weight z-scores were seen in all patients, but serum hepatic transaminase levels did not improve in the nonrehabilitated patients. CONCLUSION: Enrollment in an IRP provides an excellent probability of survival for children with USSB. The presence of an intact ileocecal valve and colon are positively associated with rehabilitation in this population, but are not requisite. Approximately one-half of patients with USSB can achieve rehabilitation, with a median time to PN independence of less than 2 years. The USSB population can attain reduced PN dependence, improvement of PN-associated liver disease, and enhanced growth with the aid of an IRP.

Evaluación clínica de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en los programas de rehabilitación respiratoria / Clinical evaluation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in pulmonary rehabilitation programs

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are the largest tributaries of the pulmonary rehabilitation programs. This chapter discusses the necessary evaluation required for patients with COPD, before entering the pulmonary rehabilitation program. Scientific evidence exists regarding the benefits of these programs. The assessment method recommend is: general evaluation, lung function, exercise tolerance (6-minute walk test, incremental walking test), dyspnea (scale of Borg, modified Medical Research Council scale) and health-related quality of life (Saint George's questionnaire). Also, BODE index, psychological and nutritional assessment and a cardiovascular evaluation to rule out cardiac pathology that contraindicates rehabilitation, should be carried out. Following the evaluation, the patient will be into a pulmonary rehabilitation program, the team should consist of a multidisciplinary and include: 1) education of patients and their families, 2) muscle testing and training of: lower extremities, upper extremities and respiratory muscles, and 4) psychosocial support. The pulmonary rehabilitation program provides significant benefits to patients with COPD in terms of reducing dyspnea, improve exercise capacity and quality of life (quality evidence A, strong recommendation). Physical space is required for the evaluation of patients and a training room. It is recommended that pulmonary rehabilitation program must be personalized and centred on the needs of the patient and has a duration of 6 to 12 weeks. Programs effectiveness is independent of where they are carried out and it depends primarily on its structure. It is important to work out a strategy study and control program for evaluating its success.

Los pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva crónica (EPOC) son los mayores tributarios de los programas de rehabilitación respiratoria. En este capitulo se analiza la evaluación que requieren los pacientes con EPOC antes de ingresar al programa de rehabilitación respiratoria y la evidencia científica que existe en cuanto a sus beneficios. El método de evaluación recomendado es: una evaluación general, la función pulmonar, la tolerancia al ejercicio (prueba de caminata de 6 minutos, prueba de caminata incremental), la disnea (escala de Borg, escala del Medical Research Council modificada) y los relacionados con la calidad de vida con el cuestionario de Saint George. Además, evaluación del índice BODE, evaluación psicológica y nutricional y una evaluación cardiovascular para descartar patología cardiaca que contraindique la rehabilitación. Efectuada la evaluación, se ingresa al paciente a un programa de rehabilitación respiratoria, el cual debe constar de un equipo multidisciplinario y debe incluir: 1) Educación de los pacientes y su familia; 2) Evaluación y entrenamiento muscular de extremidades inferiores, superiores y músculos respiratorios; 3) Soporte nutricional, y 4) Apoyo psicosocial. El programa de rehabilitación pulmonar proporciona importantes beneficios a los pacientes con EPOC en términos de reducción de la disnea, mejoría en la capacidad de ejercicio y en la calidad de vida (calidad de la evidencia A, recomendación fuerte). Se debe contar con espacio físico para la evaluación de los pacientes y con una sala de entrenamiento. Se recomienda que el programa de rehabilitación respiratoria debe ser personalizado y centrado en las necesidades del paciente y debe tener una duración de 6 a 12 semanas. La efectividad del programa es independiente del lugar donde se lleva a cabo y depende principalmente de su estructura. Es importante elaborar un estudio de estrategia y programa de control para evaluar su éxito.

A atenção fonoaudiólogica e a linguagem escrita de pessoas com baixa visão: estudo exploratório / Speech and language pathology therapy and the reading and writing of a person with visual disabilitie: exploratory study

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: conhecer como as pessoas com baixa visão (visão subnormal) adquirida utilizavam a linguagem escrita no cotidiano e recomendar a atenção fonoaudiológica nesse processo. Foi realizado estudo descritivo exploratório para a construção do instrumento de coleta de dados. A amostra foi constituída por pessoas com baixa visão que freqüentaram o Programa de Reabilitação de Adolescentes e Adultos do Cepre/FCM/Unicamp em 2008. Aplicou-se questionário por entrevista, onde foram investigadas as variáveis: características pessoais, uso de recursos de tecnologia assistiva na leitura e escrita, razões das atividades de leitura e escrita e frequência do uso após a perda visual. A amostra foi composta por 08 pessoas com baixa visão com média de idade de 47 anos e predominância do sexo masculino (75,0 por cento). Os resultados indicaram que a maioria (62,5 por cento) relatou utilizar auxílios ópticos nas atividades de leitura. Todos informaram utilizar auxílios não ópticos na leitura. Os sujeitos declararam utilizar a leitura para obter informações sobre assuntos que os interessavam e a escrita para se comunicarem com as outras pessoas. Verificou-se que a maioria (75,0 por cento), relatou não utilizar a leitura e nem a escrita com a mesma freqüência que usava antes da perda visual e os motivos alegados foram a dificuldade para enxergar e o cansaço visual. A redução do uso da linguagem escrita no cotidiano por sujeitos com baixa visão adquirida compromete a autonomia e independência, fato este que demonstra necessidade de ênfase no trabalho com a linguagem escrita que poderá ser maximizado por meio da atenção fonoaudiológica.

The aim of this study was to: understand how people with acquired low vision (subnormal vision) used written language in daily living and to recommend speech and language pathology therapy during the process. A descriptive/exploratory study was conducted in order to build a data collection instrument. The sample was composed of subjects with low vision who attended Cepre / FCM / Unicamp in 2008. A questionnaire was applied during an interview, during which time the following variables were investigated: personal characteristics, use of assistive technology in reading and writing, reasons for performing reading and writing activities and the frequency of reading and writing after having acquired the visual loss. The sample was made up of 8 subjects with acquired low vision. The mean age was 47 years, of which 75,0 percent were males. Most of the subjects (62,5 percent) declared they used optical aids to read. All reported they used non-optical aids to read. The results showed that the subjects reported that they used to read to get information on topics of interest and they write to communicate with other people. The majority (75,0 percent) reported they didn't read and write with the same frequency as before the emergence of the ophthalmic problem and the reason given was difficulty in seeing and eyestrain. The reduction of reading and writing for individuals with low vision justifies the need for greater emphasis on working with reading and writing during rehabilitation, and this can be enhanced by speech and language pathology therapy.

Programa de intervenção motora para escolares com indicativo de transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação - TDC / Motor intervention program for school children with signs of developmental coordination disorder - DCD

Este estudo objetivou verificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção motora para escolares com indicativo de Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação. Participaram do estudo seis escolares na faixa etária de 10 anos, do gênero feminino e masculino, matriculados em uma escola municipal no interior do Estado de Santa Catarina. A avaliação motora foi mensurada por meio do Movement Assessement Battery for Children (MABC-2). O teste abrange as faixas etárias de três a 16 anos dentro de cada faixa etária são agrupadas oito tarefas em três categorias de habilidades: destreza manual, lançar e receber, equilíbrio. As intervenções foram baseadas na abordagem da Educação Física Desenvolvimentista em ambiente escolar. As sessões foram realizadas individualmente com 20 sessões de intervenção motora para cada escolar, num total de 120 sessões, com frequência de duas aulas semanais e com duração de 45 minutos. Para interpretação dos dados foi utilizado o teste Wilcoxon no pacote estatístico SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas após a intervenção motora (p<0,05). Em relação aos resultados do desempenho motor por habilidade, verificou-se que a habilidade equilíbrio foi a que apresentou melhor resultado após a intervenção, revelando que uma proposta de intervenção motora foi eficaz para a melhora no desempenho motor das crianças com indicativos de TDC. Através deste estudo evidenciou-se os benefícios da participação de escolares com problemas motores em programas de intervenção, no sentido de monitorar o seu progresso em termos de desenvolvimento motor, visando à melhora das dificuldades de movimento tanto nas habilidades esportivas quanto nas atividades diárias.

This study aimed to verify the effects of a motor intervention program for students with signs of DCD. Six 10 year-old students, both male and female, who were registered at a municipal school in the interior of the state of Santa Catarina participated in the study. Motor capacity was measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2), one of the most commonly used instruments for assessing children's movement difficulties. The test encompasses the age groups of 3 to 16 years; for each age group, eight tasks are grouped into three skill categories: manual skill, throw and catch, balance. The interventions were based on the Developmental Physical Education approach in school environments. The sessions were done individually with 20 motor intervention sessions for each student, in a total of 120 sessions, frequency of two weekly classes with 45 minutes duration. The Wilcoxon test with the statistical package SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used for data interpretation. The results showed statistically significant differences after motor intervention (p <0,05). Regarding the results of motor skill performance, it was found that balance skills presented better improvement results after intervention, revealing that a motor intervention proposal was effective with children with signs of DCD. This study revealed the importance of promoting students with motor disabilities participation in intervention programs in order to monitor their motor development progress, so as to improve movement difficulties both in sports and in daily activities.

Comparação entre DASH e SF-36 do cotovelo traumatizado reabilitado na terapia ocupacional / Comparison between DASH and SF-36 of the injured elbow rehabilitated in occupational therapy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função do membro superior e a qualidade de vida de pacientes que sofreram lesão traumática do cotovelo, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico e de reabilitação. MÉTODOS: Por meio de um estudo transversal, 22 pacientes tratados cirurgicamente pelo Grupo de Cirurgia do Ombro e Cotovelo da UNIFESP e reabilitados no Lar Escola São Francisco, setor de Terapia Ocupacional, serviço de Terapia da Mão e Membro Superior, foram avaliados com os questionários Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) e SF-36 Short-Form. RESULTADOS: O escore médio do DASH foi 31,36. O resultado médio dos domínios do SF-36 foi 60,32 para capacidade funcional, 27,05 para aspecto físico, 59,19 para dor, 66,99 para estado de saúde geral, 59,95 para vitalidade, 73,75 para aspecto social, 38,18 para aspecto emocional e 62,43 para saúde mental. A correlação entre o DASH e o SF-36 obteve índice estatisticamente significante nos domínios aspecto físico (p<0,008), vitalidade (p<0,034) e aspecto social (p<0,029). Os resultados do DASH não obtiveram índices estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com lesão traumática do cotovelo são capazes de desempenhar as atividades de rotina, mas apresentam algum grau de redução na função do membro acometido e comprometimento na qualidade de vida. Nível de Evidência V, Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate upper limb function and quality of life of patients who have suffered from traumatic elbow lesion, submitted to surgical treatment and rehabilitation. METHODS: Through a transversal study, 22 patients diagnosed with traumatic elbow lesion, treated surgically by the UNIFESP Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Group and rehabilitated at Lar Escola São Francisco, Occupational Therapy division, Hand and Upper Limb Therapy service, were evaluated using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and SF-36 Short-Form questionnaires. Results: The average DASH score was 31.36. The average result of the SF-36 domains was 60.32, for functional capacity; 27.05 for the physical aspect; 59.19, for pain; 66.99 for general health; 59.95 for vitality; 73.75 for the social aspect; 38.18 for the emotional aspect and 62.43 for mental health. The results of the DASH were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Patients with elbow traumatic lesion are capable of carrying out daily activities, but show some level of reduced function of the damaged limb and impaired quality of life. Level of Evidence V, Therapeutic Studies investigating the results of treatment.