Localization of Early-Stage Visual Processing Deficits at Schizophrenia Spectrum Illness Onset Using Magnetoencephalography.

Impairments in early-stage visual processing are observed in chronic psychosis. However, their presence, localization within the brain, and contribution to cognitive symptoms remain less well established early in disease course. The present study utilized magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine sensory responses within primary visual cortex (V1). MEG was recorded from 38 individuals diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum illness at first psychotic episode (FESz) and 38 matched healthy controls (HC) during visual search tasks. The inverse solution for cortical activity contributing to the M100 visual evoked field was derived. Task performance and V1 activation were compared between groups. FESz exhibited a reduced V1 response relative to HC. This group deficit, however, was selective for the left hemisphere (LH). A similar interaction was observed for response time with FESz exhibiting slower responses to right visual field targets, a difference not observed among HC. Among FESz, larger LH V1 activity was associated with larger hallucination subscale scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Early-stage visual processing deficits localized to V1 are present at disease onset in the schizophrenia spectrum. This impairment appears to be restricted to the LH, consistent with previous reports detailing a predominantly LH disease process in early psychosis, and activity within this region was associated with an increased experience of hallucinations. These findings detail the cortical responses contributing to visual processing impairments and their relationship with symptoms at disease onset, advancing our understanding of their developmental trajectory over the course of psychotic illness.

Métodos de avaliação da dupla deficiência sensorial em idosos. Uma revisão integrativa / Methods of evaluation of double sensory impairment in the elderly. An integrative review / Métodos de evaluación de la discapacidad sensorial doble en los ancianos. Una revisión integradora

O objetivo é realizar revisão sobre os métodos de avaliação utilizados para identificar a dupla deficiência sensorial em idosos. Como método, a busca por artigos sobre dupla deficiência sensorial em idosos, nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e BVS. Resultados: Foram selecionados 17 estudos: a 8 utilizaram-se métodos subjetivos; a 5, métodos objetivos e; e a 03, ambos os métodos. Concluiu-se que não houve padronização na forma de avaliar essa população entre os estudos que abordaram a dupla deficiência sensorial em idosos.

Objective: To review the evaluation methods used to identify dual sensory impairment in the elderly. Method: Search for articles on dual sensory impairment in the elderly in the PubMed, Scopus and BVS databases. Results: Seventeen studies were selected, of which 08 used subjective methods, 05 objective methods and 03 both methods. Conclusion: There was no standardization in the way to evaluate this population among the studies that addressed the double sensorial deficiency in the elderly.

El objetivo es revisar los métodos de evaluación utilizados para identificar la discapacidad sensorial doble en los ancianos. Como método, la búsqueda de artículos sobre discapacidad sensorial doble en los ancianos en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y VHL. Resultados: se seleccionaron 17 estudios: 8 con métodos subjetivos; a 5, métodos objetivos y; y 03, ambos métodos. Se concluyó que no había estandarización en la forma de evaluar a esta población entre los estudios que abordaron la deficiencia sensorial doble en los ancianos.