Torsades de pointes and myocardial infarction following reversal of supraventricular tachycardia with adenosine: a case report

ABSTRACT Adenosine is an antiarrhythmic drug that slows conduction through the atrioventricular node and acts as a coronary blood vessel dilator. This case report highlights two unusual life-threatening events following the use of adenosine to revert supraventricular tachycardia in a structurally normal heart: non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and myocardial infarction. A 46-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a two-hour history of palpitations and was diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia. Vagal maneuvers were ineffective, and after intravenous adenosine administration, the patient presented with chest pain and hypotension. The rhythm degenerated into non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm with ST elevation in lead aVR and ST depression in the inferior and anterolateral leads. The patient spontaneously recovered within a few minutes. Despite successful arrhythmia reversal, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit because of an infarction without obstructive atherosclerosis. This report aims to alert emergency physicians about the potential complications associated with supraventricular tachycardia and its reversal with adenosine.

Validação de um Algoritmo Simples para Detecção de Taquicardia Ventricular no Eletrocardiograma / Validation of a Simple Electrocardiographic Algorithm for Detection of Ventricular Tachycardia

Resumo Fundamento O diagnóstico diferencial de taquicardia de QRS largo, entre taquicardia ventricular (TV) ou taquicardia supraventricular com condução aberrante (TSV-A) é algumas vezes difícil de ser feito na sala de emergência. Objetivo Avaliar a acurácia de um algoritmo novo e simples para a detecção de TV no eletrocardiograma (ECG) em pacientes com taquicardia de QRS largo. Métodos ECGs de 12 derivações para detecção de taquicardia de QRS largo foram obtidos prospectivamente de 120 pacientes durante estudo eletrofisiológico. Seis médicos com diferentes experiências analisaram os ECGs, e fizeram o diagnóstico com base no algoritmo D12V16, que envolve a análise da polaridade predominante do complexo QRS nas derivações I, II, V1 e V6. O diagnóstico foi comparado com os obtidos pelo algoritmo tradicional de Brugada e pelo estudo eletrofisiológico, o qual é considerado padrão ouro. Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05) nas análises estatísticas. Resultados De acordo com o estudo eletrofisiológico, 82 ECGs eram de TV e 38 de TSV-A. Doenças cardíacas estruturais estavam presentes em 71 (86,6%) dos pacientes com TV e em oito (21,1%) com TSV-A. O algoritmo de Brugada teve uma maior sensibilidade global (87,2%), enquanto o algoritmo D12V16 apresentou maior especificidade global (85,1%) para TV. Tanto o algoritmo D12V16 como o de Brugada apresentou um alto valor preditivo positivo (90,9% vs. 85,8%, respectivamente) e acurácia similar (73,8% vs. 81,4%, respectivamente) para o diagnóstico de TV. Nos avaliadores experientes, a acurácia foi maior utilizando o algoritmo de Brugada que o algoritmo D12V16, mas a acurácia dos dois algoritmos foi similar segundo os avaliadores menos experientes. Conclusão O algoritmo simplificado pode ser um método útil para reconhecer TV no ECG, principalmente para médicos menos experientes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background The differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) between ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction (SVT-A) is sometimes difficult in the emergency room. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new simple electrocardiographic algorithm to recognize VT in patients with wide complex tachycardia. Methods The 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) for WCT were prospectively obtained from 120 patients during electrophysiological study. Six physicians with different expertise analyzed the electrocardiographic recordings, and made the diagnosis based on the D12V16 algorithm, that involves the analysis of the predominant polarity of QRS in leads I, II, V1 and V6. The diagnosis was compared with that made using the traditional Brugada algorithm and the "gold-standard" electrophysiological study. Statistical analyses were performed with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results According to the EPS study, 82 ECG recordings were VT and 38 SVT-A. Structural heart diseases were present in 71 (86.6%) patients with VT and in 8 (21.1%) with SVT-A. The Brugada algorithm had higher global sensitivity (87.2%), and the D12V16 algorithm had higher global specificity (85.1%) for VT. Both D12V16 and Brugada's algorithms presented a high positive predictive value (90.9% vs 85.8%, respectively) and similar accuracy (73.8% vs 81.4%, respectively) for the diagnosis of VT. Experienced evaluators were more accurate using Brugada algorithm than the D12V16 algorithm, but the accuracy of both algorithms was similar according to less experienced examiners. Conclusion The simplified algorithm may be a useful method to recognize VT in the ECG, especially for less experienced doctors. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

[Radiofrequency catheter ablation in pediatric population: clinical, electrophysiological and therapeutic characteristics in a Peruvian pediatric hospital]. / Ablación por radiofrecuencia en pediatría: características clínicas, electrofisiológicas y terapéuticas en un hospital pediátrico peruano.

Objective: This study aims to describe the clinical, electrophysiological and therapeutic characteristics of pediatric patients with supraventricular tachycardia undergoing radiofrequency ablation. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study of children admitted for supraventricular tachycardia treatment at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño during 2018 to 2021. Results: Data from 62 procedures were collected, corresponding to 59 patients (mean age: 9.91 years, 61% male), 23% of procedures were performed in patients under 15kg, and two were in patients under 5kg. 63% of patients had a structurally normal heart, while 37% had some type of congenital heart disease, the most common being Ebstein's anomaly. The most widely used group of drugs were beta-blockers, mainly propranolol. Among the arrhythmias treated, 21.7% had preexcitation Syndrome, 33.3% had at least one hidden accessory pathway, 5% corresponded to permanent reciprocating junctional tachycardia, 5% intranodal tachycardia, 11.7% atrial tachycardia, 10 % atrial flutter, 5% had other types of tachycardia and in 5 cases no tachycardia was induced. Of the total procedures, 76% corresponded to electrophysiological study and ablation, four patients recurred. Conclusions: The most common supraventricular tachycardia substrate in children was the presence of some accessory pathway. Radiofrequency catheter ablation could be applied in children with a high success rate and a low complication rate.

[Incessant focal atrial tachycardia as a cause of cardiomyopathy. About a case]. / Taquicardia atrial focal incesante como causa de cardiomiopatía. A propósito de un caso.

Focal atrial tachycardia is a rare type of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, generally present in young people, and is a rare cause of tachycardiomyopathy (10%). We present a clinical case of tachycardiomyopathy in a 30-year-old man, without comorbidities, who was diagnosed with incessant focal atrial tachycardia, refractory to medical therapy, and electrical cardioversion. Successful endocardial ablation was performed, and in outpatient follow-up at 6 months, he showed a recovery of the left ventricular ejection fraction and reduction of the left chambers to normal ranges, with progressive decrease of dyspnea.

Assessment of the hemogram parameters in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a retrospective study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Inflammation has been suggested as a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of arrhythmia. Hemogram parameters such as monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) have been considered to be markers of inflammation and new cardiovascular risk predictors. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between MHR, NLR, and MLR in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). METHODS: A retrospective study conducted at a university hospital in Bolu, Turkey, between 2017 and 2019. Our study included 196 patients who underwent electrophysiological study (EPS) due to palpitation or documented PSVT on electrocardiography (ECG). Patients having documented atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) on ECG or inducible AVNRT on EPS were included in the PSVT group (n=130), and patients with palpitation but without inducible arrhythmia on EPS (n=66) were included in the control group. Routine biochemical and hemogram tests were performed before the EPS procedure. RESULTS: When hemogram parameters were compared, there was no statistically significant difference in MHR values [0.010 (0.001-0.030) vs 0.010 (0.001-0.020) p =0.67]. Additionally, both NLR [2.21(0.74-11.36) vs 1.98(0.72-24.87) p=0.13] and MLR [0.25 (0.03-1.05) vs 0.24(0.07-1.39) p=0.41] were not statistically significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in PSVT patients regarding hemogram parameters including white blood cell subtypes, MLR, NLR, and MHR. Therefore the evaluation of hemogram parameters may not be clinically relevant for PSVT patients.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: A inflamação tem sido sugerida como um mecanismo potencial na patogênese da arritmia. Parâmetros do hemograma, como contagem de monócitos e razão de colesterol lipoproteína de alta densidade (MHP), proporção de neutrófilos / linfócitos (NLP) e proporção de monócitos / linfócitos (MLR), foram considerados marcadores de inflamação e novos preditores de risco cardiovascular. Este estudo retrospectivo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre MHP, NLP e MLP em pacientes com taquicardia paroxística supraventricular (PSVT). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo realizado em um hospital universitário em Bolu, Turquia, entre 2017 e 2019. Nosso estudo incluiu 196 pacientes submetidos a estudo eletrofisiológico (EPS) devido a palpitações ou PSVT documentada na eletrocardiografia (ECG). Os pacientes com taquicardia nodal atrioventricular reentrante (AVNRT) no ECG ou AVNRT indutível no EPS foram incluídos no grupo PSVT (n = 130) e os pacientes com palpitações sem arritmia induzível no EPS (n = 66) foram incluídos no grupo controle. Testes bioquímicos e de hemograma de rotina foram realizados antes do procedimento de EPS. RESULTADOS: Quando os parâmetros do hemograma foram comparados, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante nos valores de MHP (0,010 (0,001-0,030) vs 0,010 (0,001-0,020) p = 0,67). Além disso, tanto o NLP (2,21 (0,74-11,36) vs 1,98 (0,72-24,87) p = 0,13) quanto o MLP (0,25 (0,03-1,05) vs 0,24 (0,07-1,39) p = 0,41) não foram estatisticamente significantes entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Não há diferença significativa nos pacientes com PSVT em relação aos parâmetros do hemograma, incluindo os subtipos de glóbulos brancos, MHP, NLP e MHP. Portanto, a avaliação dos parâmetros do hemograma pode não ser clinicamente relevante para pacientes com PSVT.

Reporte de caso clínico: taquicardia supraventricular secundaria a irrigación con glicina / Case report: Supraventricular tachycardia secondaryto glicine irrigation

Supraventricular tachycardia is one of the tachyarrhythmias that do not have its origin in one organic cardiomyopathy. Generally, they have a good prognosis, and its clinical spectrum varies from asymptomatic patients to those with low cardiac output. Treatment will depend on the hemodynamic stability of the pa- tient. The objective of this case report is to make a review on existent literature about adverse cardiac effects with the use of Glycine in patients after urologic surgery.

La taquicardia supraventricular hace parte del grupo de taquiarritmias que no se originan de una cardiopatía orgánica existente y por lo general son de buen pronóstico. Su espectro clínico abarca desde pacientes asintomáticos hasta aquellos con signos de bajo gasto cardíaco que requerirán tratamiento según su estabilidad hemodinámica. El objetivo del presente reporte de caso es realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los efectos adversos asociados a la irrigación vesical continúa con glicina en un paciente a quien se le realizó prostatectomía.

Fibrilação atrial durante taquicardia por reentrada nodal atrioventricular: achado sugestivo da presença de via superiorcomum nodal / Atrial fibrillation during atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia: a suggestive finding favoring the presence of the upper common nodal pathway

Na taquicardia por reentrada nodal atrioventricular, a necessidade do átrio para a manutenção da taquicardia é controverso. Descrevemos um caso de fibrilação atrial ocorrendo durante taquicardia por reentrada nodal atrioventricular sem afetar o ciclo da arritmia, e discutimos as evidências favorecendo a presença de umavia comum superior.

In Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia the requirement of the atrium for the maintenance oftachycardia is controversial. We describe a case of atrial fibrillation that occurred during Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia without affecting the arrhythmia cycle, and discuss the evidences favoring the presence ofan upper common pathway.

Taquicardia supraventricular en un recién nacido después del tratamiento con salbutamol nebulizado: A propósito de un caso / Supraventricular tachycardia after nebulized salbutamol therapy in a neonate: Case report

La taquicardia supraventricular (TSV) es el tipo de arritmia sostenida más frecuente en los recién nacidos y lactantes. En general, la presentación de la TSV en los recién nacidos es sutil y, a menudo produce insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva. A pesar del amplio uso de los agonistas p2, su toxicidad ha sido cuestionada. En varios estudios se informó un aumento de la incidencia de arritmias cardíacas en los pacientes que reciben estos agentes, y en otros estudios se hallaron tasas elevadas de muerte cardiovascular asociada con el uso de agonistas p2 nebulizados y orales, como el salbutamol, que se utilizan para tratar el broncoespasmo en los recién nacidos con diversas enfermedades. Informamos un caso de TSV después de la administración de salbutamol nebulizado a un recién nacido.(AU)

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in neonates and infants. Presentation of SVT in the neonate is usually subtle and frequently complicated by congestive heart failure. Despite the widespread use of β2-agonists, their safety has been questioned. Several studies have reported an increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients treated with these agents, and other studies have found increased rates of cardiovascular death associated with the use of oral and nebulized β2-agonists such as salbutamol, which is used to treat bronchospasm in newborns with several diseases. Herein, we report a case of SVT following administration of nebulized salbutamol in a neonate.(AU)

Taquicardia supraventricular en un recién nacido después del tratamiento con salbutamol nebulizado: A propósito de un caso / Supraventricular tachycardia after nebulized salbutamol therapy in a neonate: Case report

La taquicardia supraventricular (TSV) es el tipo de arritmia sostenida más frecuente en los recién nacidos y lactantes. En general, la presentación de la TSV en los recién nacidos es sutil y, a menudo produce insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva. A pesar del amplio uso de los agonistas p2, su toxicidad ha sido cuestionada. En varios estudios se informó un aumento de la incidencia de arritmias cardíacas en los pacientes que reciben estos agentes, y en otros estudios se hallaron tasas elevadas de muerte cardiovascular asociada con el uso de agonistas p2 nebulizados y orales, como el salbutamol, que se utilizan para tratar el broncoespasmo en los recién nacidos con diversas enfermedades. Informamos un caso de TSV después de la administración de salbutamol nebulizado a un recién nacido.

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in neonates and infants. Presentation of SVT in the neonate is usually subtle and frequently complicated by congestive heart failure. Despite the widespread use of β2-agonists, their safety has been questioned. Several studies have reported an increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients treated with these agents, and other studies have found increased rates of cardiovascular death associated with the use of oral and nebulized β2-agonists such as salbutamol, which is used to treat bronchospasm in newborns with several diseases. Herein, we report a case of SVT following administration of nebulized salbutamol in a neonate.

A case of tacrolimus-induced supraventricular arrhythmia after kidney transplantation / Um caso de arritmia supraventricular induzida por tacrolimus, apos o transplante renal

CONTEXT Tacrolimus is a potent immunosuppressive drug often administered to transplant recipient patients and exhibits a variety of adverse cardiovascular effects. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 53-year-old Asian female who developed various arrhythmic phenomena including atrial premature complexes and supraventricular tachycardia after administration of tacrolimus. CONCLUSION Tacrolimus-associated arrhythmia after kidney transplantation may be life-threatening, and so patients undergoing this procedure should be carefully monitored. .

CONTEXTO Tacrolimus (tacrolimo) é uma potente droga imunossupressora frequentemente administrada a pacientes receptores de transplante e exibe uma variedade de efeitos cardiovasculares adversos. RELATO DE CASO Relatamos um caso de uma mulher asiática de 53 anos de idade que desenvolveu vários fenômenos de arritmias, incluindo complexos atriais prematuros e taquicardia supraventricular após a administração de tacrolimus. CONCLUSÃO Tacrolimus associado a arritmia após transplante de rim pode ser fatal, por isso, pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento devem ser cuidadosamente monitorados. .

Taquicardiomiopatía, causa reversible de insuficiencia cardiaca: caso clínico / Tachycardiomyopathy as a reversible cause of heart failure: Report of one case

Tachycardiomyopathy is a potentially reversible cause of heart failure. It can be induced by supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. When these are treated, systolic function improves or normalizes. We report a 20year-old male with deterioration of left ventricular function and dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to an incessant atrial tachycardia that was treated with radiofrequency catheter ablation. After the procedure, the patient experienced a significant improvement of his ventricular function.

Ablación por radiofrecuencia en niños y adolescentes con taquicardia paroxística supraventricular, sin cardiopatía estructural

Introducción: la ablación transcatéter por radiofrecuencia constituye una alternativa terapéutica curativa para diferentes taquiarritmias cardíacas, evitando crisis reiteradas, así como el uso de fármacos antiarrítmicos en forma crónica, con un procedimiento menos agresivo y costoso que la cirugía. Este trabajo evalúa retrospectivamente nuestra experiencia con este método terapéutico en niños y adolescentes fuertemente sintomáticos, con taquicardia paroxística supraventricular y un corazón estructuralmente sano. Población: constó de 56 pacientes consecutivos, con edades de 6 a 18 años (x: 13±3, X: 13) y taquicardias reiteradas a pesar del tratamiento antiarrítmico, tres de los cuales presentaban, además, antecedentes de síncope y muerte súbita. Material y métodos: el diagnóstico electrofisiológico incluyó: taquicardia por reentrada AV, utilizando una vía accesoria, en 48 pacientes, de los cuales 34 tenían síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White y taquicardia reentrante nodal en 8. A continuación se procedió a realizar la ablación por radiofrecuencia. Resultados: la ablación fue primariamente exitosa en 52 pacientes (93%). La duración total del procedimiento fue de 226±143, X: 210 minutos, el tiempo de radioscopia, 42±33, X: 40 minutos y el número de aplicaciones de radiofrecuencia, 4±3, X: 2 pulsos. Se presentaron complicaciones en sólo tres casos (5,4%). Durante un seguimiento de 0,5 a 7,5 años (3,3±1,7, X: 2,5), 10 pacientes sufrieron recidivas, repitiéndose exitosamente la ablación en seis de ellos. El procedimiento fue considerado curativo en 48 de 56 pacientes (86%). Conclusiones: nuestra experiencia con ablación por radiofrecuencia en esta población fue ampliamente satisfactoria, con alto índice de efectividad, escasa morbilidad y mortalidad nula.

Introducção: A ablação transcatéter por radiofrequência constitui uma altenativa terapéutica curativa para diferentes taquiarritmias cardíacas, evitando crises frequentes, assim como o uso de fármacos antiarrítmicos em forma crônica, com um procedimento menos agressivo e custoso que a cirurgia. Este trabalho avalia restrospectivamente nossa experiência com este método terapéutico em crianças e adolescentes fortemente sintomáticos, com taquicardia paroxística supraventricular e um coração estruturalmente sem problemas. População: Contou com 52 pacientes consecutivos, com idades de 6 a 18 anos (x: 13 ± 3, X: 13) e taquicardias reiteradas a pesar do tratamento antiarrítmico, 3 dos quais apresentavam, também antecedentes de síncope e morte súbita. Material é método: O diagnóstico electro fisiológico incluíu: taquicardia por reentrada AV, utilizando uma vía acessória em 48 pacientes, dos quais 34 tinham síndrome de Wolf-Parkinson-White e taquicardia reentrante nodal em 8. A continuação procedeu-se a realizar a ablação por radiofrequência. Resultados: a ablação foi primariamente exitosa em 52 pacientes (93%). A duração total do procedimento foi de 226 ± 143, X: 210 minutos, o tempo de radioscopia, 42 ± 33, X: 40 minutos e o número de aplicações de radiofrequência, 4 ± 3, X: 2 pulsos. Apresentaram-se complicações em só 3 casos (5,4%). Durante o seguimento de 0,5 a 7,5 anos (3,3 ± 1,7, X:2,5), 10 pacientes sofreram recidivas, repetindo-se exitosamente a ablação em 6 deles. O procedimento foi considerado curativo em 48 dos 56 pacientes (86%). Conclusões: Nossa experiência com ablação por radiofrequência foi ampliamente satifatoria, com alto índice de efetividade, escassa morbilidade e mortalidade nula.

Introduction: radiofrequency catheter ablation provides curative therapy for several tachyarrhythmias, avoiding repeated crisis, as well as the chronic use of antiarrythmic drugs, with a less aggressive and costly procedure than surgery. This article retrospectively evaluates our experience with such method in children and adolescents highly symptomatic, with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and structurally normal hearts. Population: the study consisted in 56 consecutive patients aged 6 to 18 years (13±3, X: 13 years) with recurrent tachycardia in spite of pharmacological treatment, 3 of them with syncope and suden death. Material and methods: electrophysiology diagnosis included: Reentrant tachycardia using an accessory pathway in 48 patients, 34 associated with Wolff- Parkinson-White syndrome, and reciprocant nodal tachycardia in eight patients. Results: ablation was primaryly successful in 52 patients (93%). Total procedural time was x: 226±43, X: 210 minutes; fluoroscopylasted x: 42±33, X: 40 minutes and radiofrequency pulses averaged 4±3, X: 2. Complications presented in only 3 patients (5,4%). During a follow-up of 0,5 to 7,5 years (x: 3,3±1,7, X: 2,5), 10 patients suffered recurrences, being successfully re-ablationed 6/6 of them. The procedure was considered curative in 48/56 patients (86%). Conclusions: our prelimiriary experience with radiofrequency ablation in this group was largely satisfactory, with high effectivity, few morbidity and no mortality.