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When Old People Suffer Because of the Sex of the Young: A Commentary on Korte, A. & Tschuschke, V. (2023). The Media's Stranglehold on Sturm und Drang - The Sorrows of Generation Z Regarding Sex and Gender Abstract: In their article "Sturm und Drang im Würgegriff der Medien - Die Leiden der jungen Generation am eigenen Geschlecht" in the Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie (volume 51, issue 5), our colleagues Korte and Tschuschke address the question of the extent to which the increase in gender identity deviations among adolescents "also results from upheavals the cultural landscape and, above all, in media technology." The authors look critically at the planned German "Self-Determination Law," the social transition of children and adolescents, the so-called puberty blockade, and hormone therapy in adolescents and justify their preference for a gender-critical over a transaffirmative therapy approach. Although the article introduces some interesting hypotheses from the perspective of cultural studies and philosophy (among others), it may contribute to uncertainty among colleagues in treating trans*people because of its trans-critical tone. This stems from linguistic devices, misleading and erroneous quotations, and incomplete or incorrect descriptions of facts. This contribution therefore takes a critical look at the article by Korte and Tschuschke, using critical linguistic analysis and examining the facts, data, and sources cited by the authors. It encourages our colleagues to engage in a joint, participatory, trans*respectful treatment process with gender-dysphoric children and adolescents while exploring the sizeable intermediate area between "gender-critical" and "transaffirmative" attitudes, which the authors Korte and Tschuschke barely touch on in their article.
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Identidad de Género , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Alemania , Niño , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Anciano , Disforia de Género/psicología , Disforia de Género/terapia , Autonomía Personal , Transexualidad/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Current evidence suggests that the etiology of gender dysphoria (GD) is multifactorial: this, however, remains unclear. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are one of the etiological hypotheses. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the urinary levels of bisphenol A (BPA), thiamethoxam, and fipronil in hormone-naïve transmen compared with case-matched cis-women as well as the relation between sex hormone levels and EDCs. METHODS: Drug-naïve transmen diagnosed with GD and who were referred from the psychiatry outpatient clinic to the outpatient clinic of the Department of Endocrinology, Marmara University Hospital, were included in the study. These individuals were assessed for eligibility; 38 drug-naïve transmen and 22 cis-women were recruited as the control group. After anthropometric evaluation laboratory tests for FSH, LH, total testosterone, and estradiol were carried out, spot urine samples were collected to evaluate the urine metabolic excretion of BPA, thiamethoxam, and fipronil. RESULTS: We found that androgens, total testosterone, androstenedione, and DHEAS levels were significantly higher in transmen than in cis-women. Thiamethoxam was considerably higher in cis-women than in transmen, whereas fipronil and BPA levels were similar in both groups. A negative correlation was found between thiamethoxam and testosterone and between thiamethoxam and BPA levels. CONCLUSION: The available data suggest that the EDCs that we are most exposed to in our lives are not the only factor in GD development. Even transmen who have not taken hormone replacement have high testosterone levels; however, the mechanism has not as yet been elucidated. The challenge is to determine whether this is a factor leading to GD or a condition that develops in common with GD.
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Este artigo parte do exame da relação entre o poder de normalização, o dispositivo diagnóstico e a patologização da transexualidade para expor a função da norma em diferentes prismas na discussão sobre o normal e o patológico no contexto da experiência trans. São pautadas as dificuldades decorrentes dos pressupostos normativos que servem como diretrizes para políticas públicas e privadas de acesso ao processo transexualizador. Mediante uma discussão epistêmica, a experiência trans e sua patologização são analisadas em relação à função diagnóstica na psiquiatria e na psicanálise, observando o rigor de suas especificidades. Por fim, a orientação lacaniana é apresentada como alternativa à psiquiatrização e patologização da experiência trans, tendo em vista o seu distinto uso diagnóstico, o privilégio da singularidade em sua prática e o caráter subversivo de sua epistemologia.
Cet article commence par examiner la relation entre le pouvoir de normalisation, le dispositif de diagnostic et la pathologisation de la transsexualité pour exposer la fonction de la norme sous différents angles dans la discussion sur le normal et le pathologique dans le contexte de l'expérience trans. Les difficultés découlant des hypothèses normatives qui servent de lignes directrices aux politiques publiques et privées sur l'accès au processus de transsexualisation sont mises en question. À travers une discussion épistémique, l'expérience trans et sa pathologisation sont analysées en relation avec la fonction diagnostique en psychiatrie et en psychanalyse, en observant la rigueur de leurs spécificités. Enfin, l'orientation lacanienne est présentée comme une alternative à la psychiatrisation et à la pathologisation de l'expérience trans, compte tenu de son usage diagnostique distinct, du privilège de la singularité dans sa pratique et du caractère subversif de son épistémologie
This article begins by examining the relationship between the power of normalization, the diagnostic device and the pathologization of transsexuality to expose the function of the norm from different perspectives in the discussion about the normal and the pathological in the context of the trans experience. Difficulties arising from normative assumptions that serve as guidelines for public and private policies on access to the transsexualization process are examined. Through an epistemic discussion, the trans experience and its pathologization are analyzed in relation to the diagnostic function in psychiatry and psychoanalysis, observing the rigor of their specificities. Finally, the Lacanian orientation is presented as an alternative to the psychiatrization and pathologization of the trans experience, given its distinct diagnostic use, the privilege of singularity in its practice and the subversive character of its epistemology
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Psicoanálisis , Transexualidad , DiagnósticoRESUMEN
The number of scientific papers on gender-confirming surgeries as well as the surgeries themselves have increased by leaps and bounds in recent years. This leads to sometimes considerable waiting times for people seeking treatment. Social media and the internet do not always provide reliable and high-quality information. Therefore, it is necessary that both surgically and conservatively active urologists are familiar with topics regarding transgender persons. The establishment of structured training, the guarantee of minimum quality standards in the treatment of transgender persons and the further education and training of medical staff pose particular challenges. The German Society for Urology (DGU) and the German Society for Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (DGPRÄC) have already founded their own working groups on the surgical side, which coordinate their work. Under the auspices of the professional societies DGU and DGPRÄC, a guideline on surgical procedures for gender incongruence was developed under the umbrella of the AWMF ("Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften") which is currently being finalised. For a long time, the health care of transgender people has been moving in a field of tension between the right of self-determination of those seeking treatment, on the one hand, and the fear of making the wrong medical decisions, on the other. In contrast to most other conditions in urology, the goal of treatment is largely determined by the person seeking treatment and does not necessarily follow predetermined schedules or content. The treatment should primarily aim at reducing the individual's suffering and promoting quality of life.
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Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Personas Transgénero , Femenino , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Sociedades Médicas , Vagina/cirugíaRESUMEN
Resumo: A partir de contribuições do transfeminismo e dos estudos queer, buscamos refletir sobre as experiências afetivo-sexuais de uma mulher trans, branca e heterossexual, destacando práticas e desejos sexuais, relacionamentos amorosos, casamentos e busca por parceiros em aplicativos de relacionamento. Observamos que as relações afetivo-sexuais são atravessadas por uma tensa negociação entre ser e parecer perante as políticas cisheteronormativas, de maneira que os mecanismos de poder tanto se espacializam como são deslocados nessa dimensão da vida. Ao longo de sua trajetória, a participante desenvolveu suas estratégias performativas e práticas de resistência com vistas a alcançar a vivência plena de sua existência, incluindo as dimensões da sexualidade e dos relacionamentos no campo afetivo-sexual.
Abstract: Based on contributions from transfeminism and queer studies, we seek to reflect on the affective-sexual experiences of a trans, white, and heterosexual woman, highlighting sexual practices and desires, romantic relationships, marriages, and the search for partners in dating apps. We observe that affective-sexual relationships are crossed by a tense negotiation between being and seeming in the face of cisheteronormative policies, so that the mechanisms of power are both spatialized and displaced in this dimension of life. Throughout her trajectory, the participant developed her performative strategies and resistance practices with a view to fully experiencing her existence, including the dimensions of sexuality and of relationships in the affective-sexual field.
Résumé : À partir des apports du transféminisme et des études queer, nous cherchons à réfléchir sur les expériences affectives et sexuelles d'une femme trans, blanche et hétérosexuelle, mettant en lumière les pratiques et désirs sexuels, les relations amoureuses, les mariages et la recherche de partenaires dans les applications de rencontres. Nous observons que les relations affectives-sexuelles sont traversées par une négociation tendue entre être et apparaître face aux politiques cishétéronormatives, de sorte que les mécanismes de pouvoir sont à la fois spatialisés et déplacés dans cette dimension de la vie. Tout au long de son parcours, la participante a développé ses stratégies performatives et ses pratiques de résistance en vue de vivre pleinement son existence, incluant les dimensions de la sexualité et des relations dans le champ affectif-sexuel.
Resumen: A partir de los aportes del transfeminismo y de los estudios queer , buscamos reflexionar sobre las experiencias afectivo-sexuales de una mujer trans, blanca y heterosexual, investigando las prácticas y deseos sexuales, las relaciones románticas, los matrimonios y la búsqueda de parejas en las aplicaciones de citas. Observamos que las relaciones afectivo-sexuales son atravesadas por una tensa negociación entre el ser y el aparecer frente a las políticas cisheteronormativas, por lo que los mecanismos de poder se espacializan y desplazan en esta dimensión de la vida. A lo largo de su trayectoria, la participante desarrolló sus estrategias performativas y prácticas de resistencia con miras a experimentar plenamente su existencia, incluyendo las dimensiones de la sexualidad y las relaciones en el ámbito afectivo-sexual.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Transexualidad , Personas Transgénero/psicología , Relaciones Interpersonales , Construcción Social del Género , Asunción de la SexualidadRESUMEN
Introduction: This study aims to analyze the influence of syphilis among people with sexual and gender diversity, different from the binary dimension. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted as a method to address the objective of the study, based on the Dialectical Structural Model of Care (DSM), to obtain the phenomenon from the perspective of cultural history. Results: In this review the analysis of 129 documents, of which 22 texts were used. The construction of sex and gender in Western civilization is based on the Judeo-Christian tradition, which permitted many people throughout history to be persecuted and mistreated for living a lifestyle different from that dictated by religious and traditional canons. Therefore, throughout history, gender-diverse people, sexual minorities, and prostitutes have suffered segregation, mockery, aggression, and health problems, including syphilis. Conclusions: Despite having a treatment and cure, syphilis has stood the test of time and has remained a secret pathology that is obscure and difficult to detect disease, which is still very much present in people of all social classes. It is necessary to review history to understand the reasons why syphilis is still prevalent in different societies today.
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Media's Stranglehold on Storm and Stress - The Sorrows of Generation Z about Sex and Gender Abstract: The feeling of not belonging to one's birth sex is not new; one can trace this phenomenon back even to ancient mythology. Although it has always been rare, there has recently been a sharp increase in gender identity deviations among adolescents. This text addresses this problem by asking to what extent this development also results from upheavals in the cultural landscape and, above all, in media technology. Do they cause young people to believe they are in the "wrong gender" and, in extreme cases, to strive for transition? We present the most salient cornerstones of the planned German self-determination law (Self-ID), most of which, however, are unlikely to do justice to the underlying problem. The text concludes by describing several unanswered questions concerning this matter and by attempting to propose first answers. The advantages of a gender-exploratory over the trans affirmative therapy approach are summarized.
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Emociones , Identidad de Género , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Justicia SocialRESUMEN
Este estudo objetivou identificar, analisar e integrar resultados de estudos que examinaram o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental de pessoas transexuais e travestis. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, em conformidade com as diretrizes PRISMA. Conduziu-se uma busca sistemática dos estudos primários publicados em três bases de dados: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS e PsycINFO. Foram incluídos oito estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A análise temática do material gerou seis categorias temáticas. Os estudos analisados apontaram que a situação de vulnerabilidade social ao qual as pessoas trans encontram-se submetidas no cotidiano foi ampliada durante a pandemia. A necessidade do distanciamento físico resultou no aumento de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, agravamento das condições econômicas, dificuldades para acessar procedimentos e medicamentos que compõem o processo de afirmação de gênero, além de exacerbar conflitos familiares e manifestações de transfobia. Há necessidade de implementar políticas públicas e uma rede de proteção social para diminuir a vulnerabilidade e sofrimento psicossocial de pessoas trans. (AU)
This study aimed to identify, analyze, and integrate findings from studies that examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of transgender and transvestite individuals. An integrative literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of primary studies was conducted across three databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and PsycINFO. Eight studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Thematic analysis of the material generated six thematic categories. The studies analyzed pointed out that the situation of social vulnerability faced by trans people in their daily lives intensified during the pandemic. The need for physical distancing led to increased symptoms of anxiety and depression, worsening economic conditions, and difficulties in accessing procedures and medications that make up the gender affirmation process, in addition to exacerbating family conflicts and manifestations of transphobia. Therefore, there is a need to implement public policies and a social protection network to reduce the vulnerability and psychosocial suffering of the transgender and transvestite community. (AU)
El objetivo de este estudio es identificar, analizar e integrar los resultados de los estudios que examinaban el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental de las personas transexuales y travestis. Se realizó una revisión integrativa de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA en tres bases de datos: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS y PsycINFO. Se incluyeron ocho estudios que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. El análisis temático del material generó seis categorías temáticas. Los estudios analizados señalaron que la situación de vulnerabilidad social a la que están sometidas las personas trans en la vida cotidiana se amplió durante la pandemia. La necesidad de distanciamiento físico se tradujo en el aumento de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, el agravamiento de las condiciones económicas, las dificultades para acceder a los procedimientos y medicamentos que componen el proceso de afirmación del género, además de exacerbar los conflictos familiares y las manifestaciones de transfobia. Es necesario aplicar políticas públicas y una red de protección social para reducir la vulnerabilidad y el sufrimiento psicosocial de las personas transgénero. (AU)
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Humanos , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Personas Transgénero/psicología , COVID-19/psicología , Condiciones Sociales , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Base de Datos , Conflicto Familiar/psicología , Minorías Sexuales y de Género/psicología , Vulnerabilidad SexualRESUMEN
The surgery of trans people is not apprehended by most of plastic surgeons as a simple surgery for the purpose of morphological transformation. At the same time, the French trans population does not benefit from adequate surgical coverage. Over the past few years, French regulations have simplified the process of reassignment surgeries. In addition, we have witnessed a fairly rapid increase in requests for transition surgery with accelerated and sometimes atypical courses. In recent years, a number of specialists have warned the medical community about the risks of slippage due to a lack of psychological monitoring of certain people beginning a transition process. Quite recently, hybrid transition paths have also appeared which, from a surgical point of view, are no longer limited to ensuring that a native assigned female patient can take on the most masculine appearance possible or the reverse. In this manuscript, we expose the biological, historical and societal place of transidentity and then address the reasons for the warnings of a certain category of the medical population while reassuring the surgical community on the benefits of reassignment surgeries in a controlled context. We end by proposing a few ways to improve the care course of trans people applicable in France.
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The article investigates scientific and journalistic discourses around differences in gender ratio among trans persons. The disparity between Poland and many other countries that was first noted in the 1980s was repeatedly associated with the different gender politics in the capitalist West and the (post) state-socialist East. Using Foucauldian methodology, the article claims that this discourse was constructed such that Poland's ratio-and consequently Poland's gender order-would always appear problematic, while Western countries were considered an invisible standard. Discourses around this ratio elucidate the role of heteronormativity and biological essentialism in the construction of the category of "transsexuality" in state-socialist Poland. The analysis also reveals that chronologies of LGBT and feminist movements had direct consequences for the theoretical and cultural spaces of trans identities.
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Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Transexualidad , Humanos , Polonia , PolíticaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: to understand what undergraduate Nursing students from a university in southern Brazil know about trans people. Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach based on interviews conducted with 19 undergraduate Nursing students enrolled from the eighth to the tenth period of the course. Data collection took place in October and November 2021. Three thematic categories emerged from the thematic analysis, namely: the undergraduate course has to speak about this!; I don't know what it is about; and What is known and said about trans people. Results: the students showed insecurity in the care of trans people because this content is not regularly taught in the curriculum. They denote not knowing how to welcome, care for, respect specificities and treat them by their social name, as well as difficulties taking care of this population group, both in the present time and in the future. In addition to that, few of them had the opportunity of undergoing this experience in the academic practice fields. The content is taught in a single academic discipline that deals with sexuality in general. Conclusion: lack of knowledge about sexual diversity is a limiting factor in the health care provided to this population group. Certain weakness is identified in the teaching-learning process when not relating the reality of the trans population to their health demands.
RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender el conocimiento de los estudiantes de grado de Enfermería de una universidad del sur de Brasil en relación a las personas trans. Método: estudio descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo a partir de entrevistas realizadas con 19 estudiantes de grado de Enfermería inscritos en el octavo a décimo período del curso. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar en octubre y noviembre de 2021. Surgieron 3 categorías del análisis temático: ¡En la carrera de grado se debe hablar de esto!; No sé de qué se trata; y Lo que se sabe y dice sobre las personas trans. Resultados: los estudiantes se muestran inseguros en la atención de las personas trans debido a que este contenido no se ofrece regularmente en el plan de estudio. Denotan desconocimiento sobre como recibir a las personas trans, atenderlas, respetar sus especificidades y tratarlas por su nombre social, además de dificultades en el cuidado de este grupo poblacional, tanto en el presente como en el futuro. Además, pocos participantes tuvieron la oportunidad de vivir esta experiencia en los campos de práctica académica. El contenido solo se dicta en una disciplina que trata el tema dela sexualidad en general. Conclusión: el desconocimiento acerca de la diversidad sexual es un factor limitante en la atención de la salud que se proporciona a este grupo poblacional. Se identifica cierta fragilidad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje ya que no se relaciona la realidad de la población trans con sus necesidades en materia de salud.
RESUMO Objetivo: compreender o conhecimento dos estudantes de graduação de enfermagem em uma universidade do sul do Brasil no tocante às pessoas trans. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa a partir de entrevistas realizadas com 19 estudantes de graduação em enfermagem matriculados do oitavo ao décimo período do curso. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2021. Da análise temática emergiram 3 categorias: o curso de graduação precisa falar disso!; eu não sei do que se trata; e o que se sabe e se diz sobre as pessoas trans. Resultados: os estudantes demonstram insegurança no cuidado das pessoas trans devido ao não oferecimento regular deste conteúdo no currículo. Denotam desconhecimento de como acolher, cuidar, respeitar as especificidades, tratar pelo nome social, e também dificuldades em cuidar desta população no presente e no futuro. Além disso, poucos tiveram a oportunidade de vivenciar esta experiência nos campos de prática acadêmica. O conteúdo é oferecido em uma única disciplina que trata da sexualidade em geral. Conclusão: o desconhecimento acerca da diversidade sexual é um fator limitador na assistência à saúde a esta população. Identifica-se uma fragilidade no ensino-aprendizagem ao não relacionar a realidade da população trans com suas demandas de saúde.
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Resumo O SUS trouxe os princípios de universalidade, integralidade e equidade para nortear as ações e os serviços de saúde, que devem ser livres de preconceito e discriminação. A rede formal de cuidados foi compreendida como a que está institucionalizada e a rede informal é uma rede afetiva. O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender o acesso à rede de cuidados à saúde na percepção de transexuais em um município da Zona da Mata mineira, por meio da abordagem metodológica qualitativa com estudo descritivo. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito pessoas transexuais. As informações foram analisadas por meio da hermenêutica-dialética. Foram identificadas como barreiras à rede formal de cuidados o desrespeito ao uso do nome social nos serviços de saúde e o preconceito dos profissionais. Buscam-se cuidados e informações sobre uso de hormônios nas redes informais. A rede informal acolhe, mas a busca por cuidados somente nessas redes pode trazer riscos à saúde. A pesquisa evidenciou a existência de uma forte rede afetiva no município e a necessidade do estabelecimento de uma sólida rede formal de cuidados para a população transexual com ampla participação da rede informal. A rede formal é instável e não atende as necessidades de saúde dessa população.
Abstract SUS brought the principles of universality, integrality, and equity to guide health actions and services, which must be free from any form of prejudice and discrimination. The formal care network was understood as the one that is institutionalized, and the informal network is an affective network. This research aimed to understand the access to the health care network in the perception of transsexuals in a municipality in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, through the qualitative methodological approach with descriptive study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight transsexual people. The information was analyzed using hermeneutics-dialectics. Barriers to the formal care network were disrespect to the use of the social name in health services, prejudice, and unpreparedness of professionals. Therefore, care and information on hormone use are sought in informal networks. The informal network welcomes, but the search for care only in these networks can bring health risks. The research showed the existence of a strong affective network in the municipality and the need to establish a solid formal care network for the transsexual population with wide participation in the informal network, since the formal network is unstable and does not meet health needs of that population.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Acogimiento , Transexualidad , Investigación Cualitativa , Diversidad de Género , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/tendenciasRESUMEN
As identidades transmasculinas ganharam visibilidade social e acadêmica no Brasil a partir de 2010, contudo, as questões subjetivas dos homens trans ainda são pouco debatidas, em particular temas associados aos relacionamentos afetivos na experiência desses sujeitos. Este estudo qualitativo tem por objetivo identificar as percepções e expectativas dos homens trans acerca dos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais no cenário pós-transição de gênero. Participaram da pesquisa 15 homens transexuais hormonizados, com idades entre 20 e 41 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada nas modalidades presencial e on-line. Empregou-se análise temática reflexiva, que resultou em dois temas analíticos. Os resultados apontam que os homens trans, ao contrário de suas expectativas iniciais, percebem que tiveram menos oportunidades de relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais depois de sua transição de gênero. Os participantes atribuem essa dificuldade especialmente ao fato de não terem se submetido à cirurgia de redesignação sexual. O desconforto é acentuado por sua materialidade corpórea divergente da cisnormatividade, sistema regulador que associa pessoas pertencentes ao gênero masculino à presença de um pênis. Outra fonte de desconforto é o repúdio social, que alimenta a abjeção, exotização e fetichização dos corpos transmasculinos. Também são descritas as especificidades do relacionamento dos homens trans com mulheres cisgênero, heterossexuais e lésbicas. Os resultados evidenciam que a fixação persistente no genital, como referente e signo determinante do gênero e da sexualidade, modula e regula a busca e o encontro de parceira(o) íntima(o).(AU)
Transmasculine identities have gained social and academic visibility in Brazil since 2010, but subjective issues, especially those associated with affective relationships, are still little discussed. This qualitative study sought to identify trans men's perceptions and expectations regarding post-transition affective-sexual relationships. A total of 15 transsexual men undergoing hormone therapy, aged between 20 and 41 years, participated in the research. Data were collected by means of in-person and online semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, which resulted in two analytical themes. Results show that trans men, differently from their initial expectations, perceive fewer opportunities for affective-sexual relationships after their gender transition. The participants attribute this difficulty, especially, to the fact that they have not undergone sexual reassignment surgery. Discomfort isaccentuated by their bodily materiality diverging from cisnormativity, the regulatory system that associates people belonging to the male gender with the presence of a penis. Another source of discomfort is the social repudiation, which reinforces the abjection, exoticization, and fetishization of transmasculine bodies. The specifics of trans men's relationships with cisgender, heterosexual, and lesbian women are also described. The results show that the persistent fixation on the genital, as a referent and determinant sign of gender and sexuality, modulates and regulates the search for and encounter of intimate partners.(AU)
Las identidades transmasculinas han ganado visibilidad social y académica en Brasil desde 2010, sin embargo, las cuestiones subjetivas de los hombres trans son aún poco discutidas, en particular las cuestiones asociadas a las relaciones afectivas en la experiencia de estos sujetos. Este estudio cualitativo tiene como objetivo identificar las percepciones y expectativas de los hombres trans sobre las relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de la transición de género. Participaron en la investigación 15 hombres transexuales hormonados, de edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 41 años. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante una entrevista semiestructurada en las modalidades presencial y en línea. Se realizó un análisis temático reflexivo, que dio como resultado dos temas analíticos. Los resultados muestran que los hombres trans, al contrario de sus expectativas iniciales, perciben que han tenido menos oportunidades de relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de su transición de género. Los participantes atribuyen esta dificultad especialmente al hecho de no haberse sometido a cirugía de reasignación sexual. La incomodidad se acentúa por su materialidad corpórea divergente de la cisnormatividad, un sistema normativo según el cual las personas pertenecientes al género masculino deben tener pene. Otra fuente de malestar es el repudio social, que alimenta la abyección, la exotización y la fetichización de los cuerpos transmasculinos. También se describen las especificidades de las relaciones de los hombres trans con las mujeres heterosexuales, cisgénero y lesbianas. Los resultados muestran que la persistente fijación en los genitales, como referente y signo determinante del género y la sexualidad, modula y regula la búsqueda y el encuentro de parejas íntimas.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Transexualidad , Matrimonio , Esposos , Personas Transgénero , Identidad de Género , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Prejuicio , Psicología , Psicología Social , Desarrollo Psicosexual , Autocuidado , Autoimagen , Conducta Sexual , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales , Persona Soltera , Identificación Social , Problemas Sociales , Sociología , Voz , Conducta y Mecanismos de Conducta , Imagen Corporal , Bisexualidad , Familia , Homosexualidad , Salud Mental , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Derechos Civiles , Mamoplastia , Estado Civil , Entrevista , Coito , Homosexualidad Femenina , Afecto , Acceso a la Información , Atención a la Salud , Ego , Literatura Erótica , Género y Salud , Acogimiento , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Reproductivos , Masculinidad , Salud Reproductiva , Salud Sexual , Homofobia , Pesimismo , Disforia de Género , Violencia de Género , Activismo Político , Diversidad de Género , Monosexualidad , Personas Cisgénero , Binarismo de Género , Estereotipo de Género , Performatividad de Género , Necesidades Específicas del Género , Agotamiento Psicológico , Tristeza , Respeto , Insatisfacción Corporal , Distrés Psicológico , Personas Intersexuales , Comparación Social , Inclusión Social , Equidad de Género , Rol de Género , Poblaciones Minoritarias, Vulnerables y Desiguales en Salud , Política de Salud , Derechos Humanos , Identificación Psicológica , Crisis de Identidad , Individualismo , Introversión PsicológicaRESUMEN
A visibilidade social e acadêmica de homens transexuais deu-se tardiamente em comparação com mulheres trans. Ainda mais invisíveis são as experiências de transição dos homens trans negros, que agregam a intersecção gênero-raça. Este estudo qualitativo teve por objetivo analisar como homens transexuais negros vivenciam suas experiências de transição de gênero, à luz do conceito de interseccionalidade. Participaram quatro homens que se autodeclararam transexuais e negros, de 22 a 33 anos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, seguidas de análise temática. Os resultados apontam que o reconhecimento social das identidades transmasculinas advém do racismo, quando este se intersecciona com a transfobia. À medida que o sujeito passa a ser lido como homem, recebe o atributo racista de "perigoso". A baixa empregabilidade é uma das consequências perversas dessa leitura que articula dois eixos de subordinação: transgeneridade e raça. Há urgência de políticas públicas para que se interrompa esse ciclo de desempoderamento interseccional
The social and academic visibility of transsexual men happened later than that of transgender women. Even more invisible are the transition experiences of Black trans men as they aggregate the gender-race intersection. This qualitative study aimed to analyze how Black transgender men experience their gender transition in light of the concept of intersectionality. In total, four men, aged 22-33 years, who declared themselves Black and transsexual participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, followed by thematic analysis. Results indicate that the social recognition of transmasculine identities crosses racism when it intersects with transphobia. To the extent that they are recognized as men, they receive the racist attribute of "dangerous." Low employability is one of the perverse consequences of this reading, which articulates two axes of subordination: transgender and race. Breaking this cycle of intersectional disempowerment urgently requires public policies
La visibilité sociale et académique des hommes transgenres est arrivée tardivement, par rapport aux femmes transgenres. Plus invisibles encore sont les expériences de transition des hommes noirs transgenres, qui cumulent l'intersection entre le sexe et la race. Cette étude qualitative visait à analyser la manière dont les hommes transsexuels noirs vivent leurs expériences de transition de genre à la lumière du concept d'intersectionnalité. Quatre hommes qui se sont déclarés noirs et transsexuels, âgés de 22 à 33 ans, ont participé à l'enquête. Des entretiens semi-structurés ont été menés, suivis d'une analyse thématique. Les résultats montrent que la reconnaissance sociale des identités transmasculines passe par le racisme, lorsqu'il s'entrecroise avec la transphobie. Au fur et à mesure que le sujet est lu comme un homme, il reçoit l'attribut raciste de « dangereux ¼. La faible employabilité est l'une des conséquences perverses de cette lecture qui articule les deux axes de subordination: le transgenre et la race. Il est urgent que les politiques publiques brisent ce cycle de désautonomisation intersectionnelle
La visibilidad social y académica de los hombres transexuales llegó tarde en comparación con la de las mujeres transexuales. Aún más invisibles son las experiencias de transición de los hombres negros trans, que agregan la intersección género-raza. Este estudio cualitativo tuvo por objetivo analizar las vivencias de los hombres negros transexuales respecto a la transición de género a la luz del concepto de interseccionalidad. Participaron cuatro hombres que se declararon negros y transexuales, de entre 22 y 33 años de edad. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, y posteriormente análisis temáticos. Los resultados muestran que el reconocimiento social de las identidades transmasculinas se da mediante el racismo cuando este se cruza con la transfobia. Cuando el sujeto es visto como un hombre, recibe el atributo racista de "peligroso". La baja empleabilidad es una de las consecuencias perversas de esta lectura que articula los dos ejes de subordinación: la transexualidad y la raza. Es urgente que las políticas públicas rompan este ciclo de desempoderamiento interseccional.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano , Racismo , Personas Transgénero , Identidad de Género , Investigación Cualitativa , Marco InterseccionalRESUMEN
Antecedentes y objetivo: La elevada demanda asistencial sanitaria realizada por las personas trans en los últimos años ha dirigido el foco de la investigación hacia el estudio de sus aspectos clínicos y sociodemográficos. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo comparar y analizar algunas variables sociodemográficas en personas trans en 2 períodos temporales: el período de inicio de funcionamiento de la unidad y el período más reciente. Materiales y método: Se comparó una muestra de 131 usuarios que asistió a la Unidad de Tratamiento de Identidad de Género del Principado de Asturias (UTIGPA) entre 2015-2019, con una muestra de 33 que acudió entre 2007-2009. Los datos se extrajeron de historias clínicas. Resultados: Respecto al período 2007-2009 entre 2015-2019 la ratio se invierte a favor de los hombres trans (HT). Los usuarios de ambos géneros solicitan consulta a edades más tempranas (especialmente los HT), provienen menos del extranjero, alcanzan una mayor cualificación educativa y laboral, presentan menos paro y solicitan más el cambio registral; y aunque las mujeres trans (MT) continúan siendo las que, mayoritariamente, se dedican a la prostitución y se autohormonan, en este período más reciente lo reportan menos y, además, conviven más acompañadas. Conclusiones: Se observan cambios en las variables sociodemográficas de los usuarios de la UTIGPA entre 2007-2009 y 2015-2019, en dirección a una mayor inclusión. No obstante, las condiciones sociodemográficas de las MT siguen en desventaja en comparación con las de los HT. (AU)
Background and objective: The high demand of assistance made by trans people in recent years has directed the focus of research towards the study of their clinical and sociodemographic aspects. The objective of this work was to compare and analyze some sociodemographic variables in trans people in two periods: the period when the unit began to operate and the most recent period. Materials and method: A sample of 131 users who attended the Gender Identity Treatment Unit of the Principality of Asturias (UTIGPA) between 2015-2019 was compared with a sample of 33 who attended between 2007-2009. Data were extracted from medical records. Results: Regarding 2007-2009, in 2015-2019 the ratio is inverted in favor of Trans Men (TM). Users of both genders request consultation at an earlier age (specially TM), come less from abroad, achieve higher educational and work qualifications, are less unemployed and request more name changes. And, although Trans Women (TW) continue to be those who are mostly engaged in prostitution and self-administration of hormones, in the most recent period they report it less and, furthermore, they live more accompanied tan in the past. Conclusions: Changes are observed in the sociodemographic variables of UTIGPA users between 2007-2009 and 2015-2019, in the direction of a greater inclusion. However, the sociodemographic conditions of the TW are still at a disadvantage in comparison to those of the TM. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Transexualidad , Personas Transgénero , Identidad de Género , Hormonas , Disforia de GéneroRESUMEN
En las siguientes páginas se realiza un análisis de las afirmaciones sobre la Terapia Afirmativa 2 centrada enpersonas trans3 que aparecen en el libro Nadie nace en un cuerpo equivocado: Éxito y miseria de la identidad degénero (Errasti y Pérez, 2022). Para ello se aportan los estudios que refutan las informaciones que este manualpresenta sobre asuntos como el ROGD, las detransiciones o la supuesta laxitud del enfoque afirmativo.(AU)
En las siguientes páginas se realiza un análisis de las afirmaciones sobre la Terapia Afirmativa 2 centrada enpersonas trans3 que aparecen en el libro Nadie nace en un cuerpo equivocado: Éxito y miseria de la identidad degénero (Errasti y Pérez, 2022). Para ello se aportan los estudios que refutan las informaciones que este manualpresenta sobre asuntos como el ROGD, las detransiciones o la supuesta laxitud del enfoque afirmativo.(AU)
n the following pages, an analysis is made of the statements concerning affirmative therapy on trans peopleappearing in the book Nadie nace en un cuerpo equivocado: Éxito y miseria de la identidad de género [Nobody isborn in the wrong body: the success and misery of gender identity] (Errasti & Pérez, 2022). To this end, studies areprovided that refute the information presented in this manual on issues such as ROGD, detransitions, and the allegedlaxity of the affirmative approach.(AU)
n the following pages, an analysis is made of the statements concerning affirmative therapy on trans peopleappearing in the book Nadie nace en un cuerpo equivocado: Éxito y miseria de la identidad de género [Nobody isborn in the wrong body: the success and misery of gender identity] (Errasti & Pérez, 2022). To this end, studies areprovided that refute the information presented in this manual on issues such as ROGD, detransitions, and the allegedlaxity of the affirmative approach.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Humanos , Personas Transgénero , Identidad de Género , Sexismo , Discriminación Social , Guías como Asunto , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Transexualidad , Personas Transgénero , Identidad de Género , Sexismo , Discriminación Social , Guías como Asunto , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Transexualidad , Psicología , Psicología Clínica , Psicología Social , Psicología , Psicología Clínica , Psicología SocialRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The high demand of assistance made by trans people in recent years has directed the focus of research towards the study of their clinical and sociodemographic aspects. The objective of this work was to compare and analyze some sociodemographic variables in trans people in two periods: the period when the unit began to operate and the most recent period. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A sample of 131 users who attended the Gender Identity Treatment Unit of the Principality of Asturias (UTIGPA) between 2015-2019 was compared with a sample of 33 who attended between 2007-2009. Data were extracted from medical records. RESULTS: Regarding 2007-2009, in 2015-2019 the ratio is inverted in favor of Trans Men (TM). Users of both genders request consultation at an earlier age (specially TM), come less from abroad, achieve higher educational and work qualifications, are less unemployed and request more name changes. And, although Trans Women (TW) continue to be those who are mostly engaged in prostitution and self-administration of hormones, in the most recent period they report it less and, furthermore, they live more accompanied tan in the past. CONCLUSIONS: Changes are observed in the sociodemographic variables of UTIGPA users between 2007-2009 and 2015-2019, in the direction of a greater inclusion. However, the sociodemographic conditions of the TW are still at a disadvantage in comparison to those of the TM.
Asunto(s)
Identidad de Género , Transexualidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Hormonas , Derivación y ConsultaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The surgical goals of gender reassignment surgery of the breast in female-to male transsexuals (FMT) is the aesthetic shaping of a male thoracic wall with minimal scarring, while preserving the sensitivity of the nipple-areola complex (NAC). For large and ptotic breasts, we perform a mastectomy over an inframammary access with inferior pedicled NAC under color Doppler visualization of the perforators. This paper presents the technique, including complications and assessment of quality of life, as part of a unicentric analysis. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 23 patients (46 mastectomies) performed between September 2014 and September 2020. The complication rate and the number of corrective surgeries were recorded for quality assessment. A semiquantitative score was used to evaluate aesthetic outcome, nipple sensitivity, quality of life, and sexuality. RESULTS: A total of 46 mastectomies were performed in 23 patients. The patient survey showed high patient satisfaction. Loss of nipple sensitivity was observed after one mastectomy (2.17%). In 91.67% of cases, patients reported that their appearance reflected how they feel on the inside. In 75% of cases, patients reported feeling equal to other men. The overall complication rate was 10.87%. Shape correction due to persistent excess of volume was rare (2.17%, equivalent to one mastectomy). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous mastectomy with inferior nipple pedicle can be performed with a high degree of safety and satisfaction in FMT. Color Doppler-guided visualization of the perforator vessels is helpful in allowing a thin pedicle preparation, thus reducing the need for secondary surgeries to optimize the shape. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
RESUMEN
It seems beyond doubt that the practice of certain sports requires gender differentiation, given the sex-linked characteristics that determine different levels of performance and skills. Moreover, there is a con-sensus on condemning doping practices, such as attempts to artificially alter the physical performance ofathletes through the use of certain substances, because they involve tampering with the physical or mentalconditions of the persons involved, as well as practices that have health risks, with consequences that canbecome serious and irreversible. In the case of trans athletes, their genetics, physiology, and endocrinesystem, responsible for typically male testosterone levels, would provide an insurmountable barrier totheir eligibility in female athletic competition. However, the case of athletes diagnosed with Disorders ofSex Development does not fit into any of the above scenarios. They are biologically women and competesin the female category. They have not taken any anabolic substances that may be considered doping. Wepropose a bioethical evaluation of these cases.(AU)
Parece indudable que la práctica de determinados deportes requiere una diferenciación de género,dadas las características ligadas al sexo que determinan diferentes niveles de rendimiento y habilidades.Además, existe un consenso en la condena de las prácticas de dopaje, como los intentos de alterar artifi-cialmente el rendimiento físico de los deportistas mediante el uso de determinadas sustancias, porque im-plican alterar las condiciones físicas o mentales de las personas implicadas, así como prácticas que suponenriesgos para la salud, con consecuencias que pueden volverse graves e irreversibles. En el caso de los atletastrans, su genética, fisiología y sistema endocrino, responsables de los niveles de testosterona típicamentemasculinos, proporcionarían una barrera infranqueable para su elegibilidad en la competencia atléticafemenina. Sin embargo, el caso de los deportistas diagnosticados con trastornos del desarrollo sexual noencaja en ninguno de los escenarios anteriores. Son biológicamente mujeres y compiten en la categoríafemenina. No han tomado ninguna sustancia anabólica que pueda considerarse dopaje. Proponemos unaevaluación bioética de estos casos.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Sexo , Deportes , Doping en los Deportes , Desarrollo Sexual , Transexualidad , Atletas , Bioética , Discusiones BioéticasRESUMEN
Cris Miró (1965-1999) está considerada hoy un símbolo de la lucha por los derechos de las personas travesti y transgénero. Su performance en el teatro under en la década del 80 y su ascenso a la popularidad en los 90 la transformaron en una pionera de los actuales derechos en materia de diversidad sexual. Este artículo, preparado por quienes colaboraron con ella en aquellos años, presenta el work in progress de una trilogía integrada por La puesta de un espectáculo teatral. La edición de un libro, La realización de una muestra fotográfica. A partir de la dirección general de Jorgelina Belardo, quien acompañó a Cris Miró en sus primeros pasos por el teatro, el proyecto se apoya en un modelo ético y estético de elogio de la diversidad
Cris Miró (1965-1999) is today considered a symbol of the fight for the rights of people transvestite and transgender. Her performance in the theater under in the 1980s and her rise to the her popularity in the 90s transformed her into a pioneer of the current rights in terms of sexual diversity. This article, prepared by who collaborated with her in those years, presents the work in progress of a trilogy made up of The staging of a theatrical show, Publishing a book, Making a Photoshow. From the general address by Jorgelina Belardo, who accompanied Cris Miró in her first steps through the theater, the project was based on an ethical and aesthetic model of praise of diversity