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1.
Eur Urol Focus ; 2024 Jul 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39089967

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: While obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and urological cancer are both strongly associated with hypoxia, controversy exists regarding their association with each other. This study aims to summarize and synthesize evidence to clarify the association between OSA and urological cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS: According to a prespecified protocol, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from inception to November 16, 2023, for observational and randomized studies reporting the association of OSA with urological cancer incidence or mortality. We pooled maximally covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) using a random-effects inverse variance-weighted model. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of evidence using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: From 1814 records, we included 12 studies comprising 9 290 818 participants in total, of which nine studies were analyzed quantitatively. OSA patients had an increased risk of kidney (HR: 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-2.53) and bladder (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.05-2.96) cancer. However, OSA was not associated with prostate cancer incidence (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.82-2.04). We systematically reviewed evidence surrounding OSA and testicular cancer incidence and urological cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: OSA may be associated with a higher risk of kidney and bladder cancer, but not prostate cancer. Future work may help clarify the possibility of a dose-response relationship between OSA and urological cancer, and the effect of OSA treatment on urological cancer incidence or progression. PATIENT SUMMARY: This research highlights a potential longitudinal association between OSA and kidney and bladder cancer, but not prostate cancer.

2.
Cancer Innov ; 3(2): e108, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38946935

RESUMEN

Cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, and urological cancers are the most common cancers among men. Several therapeutic agents have been used to treat urological cancer, leading to improved survival for patients. However, this has been accompanied by an increase in the frequency of survivors with cardiovascular complications caused by anticancer medications. Here, we propose the novel discipline of uro-cardio-oncology, an evolving subspecialty focused on the complex interactions between cardiovascular disease and urological cancer. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the various cardiovascular toxicities induced by different classes of antineoplastic agents used to treat urological cancers, including androgen deprivation therapy, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chemotherapeutics. In addition, we discuss possible mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular toxicity associated with anticancer therapy and outline strategies for the surveillance, diagnosis, and effective management of cardiovascular complications. Finally, we provide an analysis of future perspectives in this emerging specialty, identifying areas in need of further research.

3.
Int J Clin Oncol ; 29(8): 1088-1095, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38954076

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In Japan, comprehensive cancer statistics are collected through cancer registries. However, data on urological cancers are rarely summarized or published in research papers. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed using publicly available statistical data on urological cancers (prostate cancer [PCa], bladder cancer [BCa], and cancers of kidney and urinary tract [except urinary bladder]) in Japan, including a summary of the Ministry's mortality statistics, cancer incidence statistics from the Regional Cancer Registries through 2015, and the National Cancer Registry statistics from 2016. We examined the incidence and mortality rates of urological cancers stratified by age groups. RESULTS: The number of new cases of PCa, BCa, and cancers of kidney and urinary tract (except urinary bladder) in 2019 was 94,748, 23,383, and 30,458, respectively, and the number of deaths in 2022 was 13,439, 9,598, and 9,795, respectively. The incidence and mortality rates of urological cancers have consistently increased. Since 2000, there has been a noteworthy increase in the mortality rate of urological cancers among individuals aged > 85 years. The incidence and mortality rates of BCa and cancers of kidney and urinary tract (except urinary bladder) were significantly higher in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS: Urological cancers in very elderly patients (> 85 years) will become increasingly important in the future.


Asunto(s)
Sistema de Registros , Neoplasias Urológicas , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Incidencia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Urológicas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Urológicas/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Próstata/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/epidemiología
4.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(7)2024 Jul 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39074948

RESUMEN

This report describes a boy in his early adolescence who was referred to a urologist with a large, painless right scrotal mass. Following a thorough workup, the patient underwent surgical removal of the mass, which was revealed to be a paratesticular fibrous pseudotumour (PFP) on histopathological analysis. This diagnosis is rare and can often prove difficult to distinguish from a malignant lesion within the scrotum. We have conducted a review of the current literature surrounding PFP to compliment the case discussion.


Asunto(s)
Escroto , Humanos , Masculino , Escroto/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Adolescente , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas/cirugía , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas/diagnóstico , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas/patología , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología , Enfermedades Testiculares/cirugía , Enfermedades Testiculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Testiculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/patología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/diagnóstico por imagen
6.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38797905

RESUMEN

Urological cancers are one of the most prevalent malignancies around the globe. Specifically, bladder cancer severely threatens the health of humans because of its heterogeneous and aggressive nature. Extensive studies have been conducted for many years in order to address the limitations associated with the treatment of solid tumors with selective substances. This article aims to provide a summary of the therapeutic drugs that have received FDA approval or are presently in the testing phase for use in the prevention or treatment of bladder cancer. In this review, FDA-approved drugs for bladder cancer treatment have been listed along with their dose protocols, current status, pharmacokinetics, action mechanisms, and marketed products. The article also emphasizes the novel preparations of these drugs that are presently under clinical trials or are in the approval stage. Thus, this review will serve as a single point of reference for scientists involved in the formulation development of these drugs.

7.
Life (Basel) ; 14(5)2024 May 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38792621

RESUMEN

Most of the annual 10 million cancer-related deaths are caused by metastatic disease. Survival rates for cancer are strongly dependent on the type of cancer and its stage at detection. Early detection remains a challenge due to the lack of reliable biomarkers and cost-efficient screening methods. Phage biosensors can offer a solution for early detection using non-invasive liquid biopsies. Here, we report the first results of the bifunctional phage biosensor to detect metastatic urological cancers from urine. A dye-sensitized phage library was used to select metastasis-related phage binders. After selection rounds, the most promising phage candidate was used to classify metastatic cancer from controls. Additionally, we applied one chemical sensor (phenoxazine non-fluorescent dye) to classify cancer from urine. A statistical significance (p = 0.0002) was observed between metastatic and non-metastatic cancer, with sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 79%. Furthermore, the chemical sensor demonstrated significance in detecting cancer (p < 0.0001) with a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 75%. Our data suggest a new promising field for urine biomarker research, and further evaluation with prospectively collected samples is ongoing. In conclusion, we report, for the first time, the potential of a chemical- and phage-based biosensor method to detect metastatic cancer using urine.

8.
Investig Clin Urol ; 65(3): 202-216, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38714511

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: With the recent rising interest in artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, many studies have explored the potential and usefulness of AI in urological diseases. This study aimed to comprehensively review recent applications of AI in urologic oncology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the PubMed-MEDLINE databases for articles in English on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models related to general surgery and prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. The search terms were a combination of keywords, including both "urology" and "artificial intelligence" with one of the following: "machine learning," "deep learning," "neural network," "renal cell carcinoma," "kidney cancer," "urothelial carcinoma," "bladder cancer," "prostate cancer," and "robotic surgery." RESULTS: A total of 58 articles were included. The studies on prostate cancer were related to grade prediction, improved diagnosis, and predicting outcomes and recurrence. The studies on bladder cancer mainly used radiomics to identify aggressive tumors and predict treatment outcomes, recurrence, and survival rates. Most studies on the application of ML and DL in kidney cancer were focused on the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors as well as prediction of their grade and subtype. Most studies suggested that methods using AI may be better than or similar to existing traditional methods. CONCLUSIONS: AI technology is actively being investigated in the field of urological cancers as a tool for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and decision-making and is expected to be applied in additional clinical areas soon. Despite technological, legal, and ethical concerns, AI will change the landscape of urological cancer management.


Asunto(s)
Inteligencia Artificial , Neoplasias Urológicas , Humanos , Neoplasias Urológicas/terapia , Neoplasias de la Próstata/terapia , Neoplasias Renales , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/terapia , Masculino , Oncología Médica/métodos , Aprendizaje Profundo , Aprendizaje Automático
9.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(4)2024 Apr 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38642931

RESUMEN

Bilateral Wilms tumour (BWT) is a surgically challenging condition. Virtual reality (VR) reconstruction aids surgeons to foresee the anatomy ahead of Nephron Sparing Surgery (NSS). Three-dimensional (3D) visualisation improves the anatomical orientation of surgeons performing NSS. We herewith report a case of BWT where VR planning and 3D printing were used to aid NSS. Conventional imaging is often found to be inadequate while assessing the tumour-organ-vascular anatomy. Advances like VR and 3D printing help surgeons plan better for complex surgeries like bilateral NSS. Next-generation extended reality tools will likely aid robotic-assisted precision NSS and improve patient outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Renales , Realidad Virtual , Tumor de Wilms , Niño , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Tumor de Wilms/diagnóstico por imagen , Tumor de Wilms/cirugía , Tumor de Wilms/patología , Nefrectomía/métodos , Nefronas/cirugía , Nefronas/patología , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos
11.
Clin Genitourin Cancer ; 22(3): 102080, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38653037

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is currently limited literature assessing the real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutations. METHODS: Medical charts were abstracted for mCRPC patients with ≥ 1 of 12 HRR somatic gene alterations treated at US oncology centers participating in the American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes were assessed from the initiation of first-line or later (1L+) mCRPC therapy received on or after July 1, 2014. RESULTS: Among 138 patients included in the study, the most common somatic HRR mutations were CDK12 (47.8%), BRCA2 (22.5%), and ATM (21.0%). Novel hormonal therapy and taxane chemotherapy were most commonly used in 1L; taxane use increased in later lines. Median overall survival (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 36.3 (30.7-47.8) months from initiation of 1L therapy and decreased for subsequent lines. Similarly, there was a trend of decreasing progression-free survival and prostate-specific antigen response from 1L to 4L+ therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment patterns identified in this study were similar to those among patients with mCRPC regardless of tumor HRR mutation status in the literature.


Asunto(s)
Proteína BRCA2 , Mutación , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración , Reparación del ADN por Recombinación , Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/patología , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de la Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutada/genética , Taxoides/uso terapéutico , Taxoides/administración & dosificación , Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes/genética , Resultado del Tratamiento , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/uso terapéutico , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia
12.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(4)2024 Apr 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38684355

RESUMEN

A female patient in her 70s with a newly diagnosed clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with osseous metastasis presented with sudden onset erythematous painful blistering skin lesions on the dorsum of both hands, with associated intermittent fever episodes. Blood tests showed elevated inflammatory marker levels (C reactive protein 257.8 mg/dL, leucocytes 17.79×109/L, with 94% neutrophils). Histologically, there was predominately neutrophil dermal infiltrate without leucocytoclastic vasculitis. The diagnostic criteria of Sweet syndrome were fulfilled. A week later, the patient developed abrupt left-hand palsy, which was confirmed as a medial and ulnar sensorimotor axonal peripheral neuropathy of paraneoplastic origin. The patient was prescribed a course of oral high-dose steroids, which significantly improved the skin lesions. The peripheral nerve palsy improved after 3 months. This case describes the two very rare concurrent paraneoplastic manifestations of ccRCC occurring simultaneously, which have been rarely reported.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales , Neoplasias Renales , Síndrome de Sweet , Humanos , Síndrome de Sweet/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Sweet/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Sweet/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Células Renales/secundario , Carcinoma de Células Renales/complicaciones , Femenino , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Neoplasias Renales/complicaciones , Anciano , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Neoplasias Óseas/complicaciones
13.
Sleep Biol Rhythms ; 22(2): 163-180, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38524168

RESUMEN

Circadian rhythm is an internal timing system and harmonizes a variety of cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes to daily environment. Circadian disturbance caused by altered life style or disrupted sleep patterns inevitably contributes to various disorders. As the rapidly increased cancer occurrences and subsequent tremendous financial burdens, more researches focus on reducing the morbidity rather than treating it. Recently, many epidemiologic studies demonstrated that circadian disturbance was tightly related to the occurrence and development of cancers. For urinary system, numerous clinical researches observed the incidence and progress of prostate cancer were influenced by nightshift work, sleep duration, chronotypes, light exposure, and meal timing, this was also proved by many genetic and fundamental findings. Although the epidemiological studies regarding the relationship between circadian disturbance and kidney/bladder cancers were relative limited, some basic researches still claimed circadian disruption was closely correlated to these two cancers. The role of circadian chemotherapy on cancers of prostate, kidney, and bladder were also explored, however, it has not been regularly recommended considering the limited evidence and poor standard protocols. Finally, the researches for the impacts of circadian disturbance on cancers of adrenal gland, penis, testis were not found at present. In general, a better understanding the relationship between circadian disturbance and urological cancers might help to provide more scientific work schedules and rational lifestyles which finally saving health resource by reducing urological tumorigenesis, however, the underlying mechanisms are complex which need further exploration.

14.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(2)2024 Feb 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38395468

RESUMEN

The incidence of adrenal cysts is 0.06% and only 9% of these are true mesothelial cysts. Here, we present a case of a true mesothelial cyst together with a review of the literature. A female in her 30s presented to the surgical outpatient department complaining of right flank pain. Her contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a 7.5×6.5×4.5 cm right adrenal gland cyst. The patient underwent a laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. Immunohistopathology revealed the cyst to be mesothelial in nature. The majority of true mesothelial adrenal cysts are benign, unilateral and more common in women. Any adrenal cyst diagnosed as a functional lesion or one that may be malignant or with a diameter of 5 cm or greater requires surgical care whereas smaller lesions can be managed conservatively. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for an adrenal cyst of diameter greater than 6 cm is a safe and feasible procedure in expert hands if there is no invasion of surrounding tissue.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Glándulas Suprarrenales , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales , Quistes , Laparoscopía , Humanos , Femenino , Enfermedades de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/cirugía , Glándulas Suprarrenales/diagnóstico por imagen , Glándulas Suprarrenales/cirugía , Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Quistes/diagnóstico por imagen , Quistes/cirugía , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/cirugía , Adrenalectomía/métodos
15.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(2)2024 Feb 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38423578

RESUMEN

A man in his 50s presented in an emergency with breathlessness and chest discomfort. On evaluation, he was diagnosed with coronary artery disease, with more than 80% narrowing of the right coronary and left circumflex arteries. The patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and was started on dual antiplatelet (DAPT) therapy. After starting DAPT, the patient developed gross haematuria with a drop in haematocrit. Further evaluation revealed a left renal mass with urinary bladder clots. Because of the risk of stent thrombosis on stopping DAPT, radical nephrectomy was deferred, and the patient underwent left renal artery angioembolisation and bladder clot evacuation. On the follow-up, the patient was stable with a gradual decrease in renal mass size, and after a year, the patient underwent definitive surgery. The patient is doing well in 4 years of follow-up with no metastasis.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Fosfatos de Dinucleósidos , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos , Neoplasias Renales , Infarto del Miocardio , Trombosis , Humanos , Masculino , Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Renales/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/cirugía , Quimioterapia Combinada , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos/efectos adversos , Hemorragia/complicaciones , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Neoplasias Renales/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Trombosis/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad
16.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(1)2024 Jan 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38272511

RESUMEN

A man in his mid-70s, heavy smoker with chronic alcohol consumption and a chronic exposure to insecticides and burning of crop residues was referred to the surgical oncology department because of a 4-month onset of hoarseness, dyspnoea and laryngeal stridor. He had a history of left nephrectomy due to Fuhrman IV clear cell renal cancer 2 years ago. The patient underwent a bronchoscopy which identified a deforming tumour of the left vallecula, occlusion of 90% of the lumen and did not allow a safe biopsy. Following discussion between the oncological team, total laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissection of levels II, III, IV and V were performed, finding a transglottic tumour of approximately 4×3 cm with extension to the right anterolateral thyroid cartilage. The pathology report described metastatic RCC. The patient recovered well postoperatively and started systemic therapy with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptors inhibitor.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales , Neoplasias Renales , Neoplasias Laríngeas , Laringe , Masculino , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Renales/secundario , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular , Neoplasias Laríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Laríngeas/cirugía , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Laringe/patología
17.
Int J Technol Assess Health Care ; 40(1): e9, 2024 Jan 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38213290

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: In the UK, the number of patients urgently referred for suspected cancer is increasing, and providers are struggling to cope with demand. We explore the potential cost-effectiveness of a new risk prediction test - the PinPoint test - to triage and prioritize patients urgently referred with suspected urological cancers. METHODS: Two simulation models were developed to reflect the diagnostic pathways for patients with (i) suspected prostate cancer, and (ii) bladder or kidney cancer, comparing the PinPoint test to current practice. An early economic analysis was conducted from a UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective. The primary outcomes were the percentage of individuals seen within 2 weeks and health care costs. An exploratory analysis was conducted to understand the potential impact of the Pinpoint test on quality-adjusted life years gained. RESULTS: Across both models and applications, the PinPoint test led to more individuals with urological cancer being seen within 2 weeks. Using PinPoint only to prioritize patients led to increased costs overall, whereas using PinPoint to both triage and prioritize patients led to cost savings. The estimated impact on life years gained/lost was very small and highly uncertain. CONCLUSIONS: Using the PinPoint test to prioritize urgent referrals meant that more individuals with urological cancer were seen within 2 weeks, but at additional cost to the NHS. If used as a triage and prioritization tool, the PinPoint test shortens wait times for referred individuals and is cost saving. More data on the impact of short-term delays to diagnosis on health-related quality of life is needed.


Asunto(s)
Medicina Estatal , Neoplasias Urológicas , Masculino , Humanos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias Urológicas/diagnóstico , Derivación y Consulta
19.
BMJ Case Rep ; 16(12)2023 Dec 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38086572

RESUMEN

The incidence of urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy is 1% to 8%, with most cases occurring within the first 2 years of surgery. Prophylactic urethrectomy is rarely performed nowadays due to no known survival benefit and increased morbidity due to the procedure. However, we encountered a rare case of delayed urethral recurrence presenting as recurrent urethral collection 4 years after radical cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion, posing a diagnostic dilemma.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Uretrales , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Derivación Urinaria , Humanos , Cistectomía , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Neoplasias Uretrales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uretrales/cirugía , Uretra/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía
20.
BMJ Case Rep ; 16(12)2023 Dec 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38160025

RESUMEN

We report using the programmed death-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) antibody, nivolumab, as part of a multimodal treatment strategy in small cell bladder carcinoma (SCBC). The patient presented with gross haematuria and was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma with SCBC. He received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC; carboplatin plus etoposide) according to the small cell lung cancer regimen. After three cycles of NAC, there was no progression of local disease, and a robot-assisted radical cystectomy with ileal conduit was conducted. Post surgery, the patient was treated with nivolumab (240 mg) every 2 weeks as a maintenance therapy after adjuvant cisplatin plus etoposide therapy. After more than 1.5 years post surgery, no tumour recurrence or metastases are present. The patient was treated with nivolumab, which was curative after radical cystectomy. Further research is required to elucidate the potential role of ICIs in SCBC.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Transicionales , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Nivolumab/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/cirugía , Etopósido/uso terapéutico , Vejiga Urinaria , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carboplatino/uso terapéutico , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Cistectomía , Quimioterapia Adyuvante
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