Impact of valvular surgery according to frailty risk in patients with infective endocarditis.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that valvular surgery can reduce mortality in selected patients with infective endocarditis (IE). However, the benefit of this intervention according to frailty levels remains unclear. Our study aims to assess the effect of valvular surgery according to frailty status in this population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study using the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample database. Adult patients with a primary diagnosis of IE were included. Frailty was assessed using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance baseline differences between groups. RESULTS: A total of 53,275 patients with IE were included, with 18.3% underwent valvular surgery. The median age was 52 (34-68) years, with 41% females. Overall, 42.7% had low risk of frailty, 53.1% intermediate risk, and 4.2% high risk. After IPTW adjustment, in-hospital mortality was similar both for the entire cohort between valvular and non-valvular surgery groups (3.7% vs. 4.1%, p = .483), and low (1% vs. 0.9%, p = .952) or moderate (5.4% vs. 6%, p = .548) risk of frailty. However, patients at high risk of frailty had significantly lower in-hospital mortality in the valvular surgery group (4.6% vs. 13.9%, p = .016). Renal replacement therapy was similar between groups across frailty status. In contrast, surgery was associated with increased use of mechanical circulatory support and pacemaker implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that there was no difference in survival between valve surgery and medical management in patients at low/intermediate frailty risk, but not for high-risk individuals.

Falla del ventrículo derecho en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca valvular: prevalencia, características clínicas y ecocardiográficas y pronóstico / Right ventricular failure in the postoperative period of heart valve surgery: prevalence, clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, and prognosis / Insuficiência ventricular direita no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca valvar: prevalência, características clínicas e ecocardiográficas e prognóstico

Introducción: la falla aguda del ventrículo derecho (VD) en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca (POCC) constituye un desafío clínico por su importante morbimortalidad. El reconocimiento de la importancia de la función del VD en el POCC es un hecho reciente, lo que puede evidenciarse por la ausencia de parámetros de función ventricular derecha en los scores de estratificación del riesgo quirúrgico. Su definición varía según diferentes autores; es difícil conocer su prevalencia y los factores asociados a su desarrollo. Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia, las características clínicas, ecocardiográficas y el pronóstico de los pacientes con falla del VD en el POCC valvular intervenidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cirugía Cardíaca (INCC) en el año 2021 y establecer una comparación con los pacientes intervenidos en el mismo período que no desarrollaron dicha complicación. Método: estudio observacional retrospectivo, analítico. Se incluyeron los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca valvular en el INCC durante el 2021 que no presentaban ciertos criterios de exclusión preestablecidos. Se consideró la falla aguda del VD en el POCC como la evidencia ecocardiográfica de disfunción ventricular derecha definida cualitativamente en el ecocardiograma posoperatorio. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS versión 26.0. Resultados: se incluyeron en el estudio 45 pacientes, de los cuales 7 (15,6%) desarrollaron falla del VD en el POCC. No hubo diferencias entre las características basales. El grupo que desarrolló falla del VD en el POCC presentó una fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) significativamente menor en el ecocardiograma preoperatorio (p = 0,010). No se objetivaron diferencias en las variables intraoperatorias. Respecto al pronóstico, falleció un paciente de cada grupo en el POCC inmediato. Conclusiones: la FEVI preoperatoria podría cumplir un rol predictor de falla aguda del VD en el POCC valvular, hallazgo para comprobar en estudios prospectivos. El impacto de la falla del VD en la mortalidad no pudo definirse, dado el limitado número de pacientes.

Introduction. acute right ventricle (RV) failure in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery (POCC) constitutes a clinical challenge due to its significant morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the RV function importance in POCC is a recent fact, which can be evidenced by the absence of right ventricular function parameters in surgical risk stratification scores. Its definition varies according to different authors, it is difficult to know its prevalence and the factors associated with its development. Objective: to analyze the prevalence, clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, and prognosis of patients with RV failure in valvular POCC operated at the National Institute of Cardiac Surgery (INCC) in 2021 and to establish a comparison with patients operated on in the same period who did not develop this complication. Method: retrospective analytical observational study. Patients undergoing heart valve surgery in the INCC during 2021 were included. Acute RV failure in the POCC was considered as echocardiographic evidence of qualitatively defined right ventricular dysfunction in the postoperative echocardiogram. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 software. Results: forty-five patients were included in the study, of which 7 (15.6%) developed RV failure in the POCC. There were no differences between baseline characteristics. The group that developed RV failure in POCC had a significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on preoperative echocardiography (p = 0.010). No differences were observed in the intraoperative variables. Regarding the prognosis, one patient from each group died in the immediate POCC. Conclusions: preoperative LVEF could play a role in predicting acute RV failure in valvular POCC, a finding to be verified in prospective studies. The impact of RV failure on mortality could not be defined given the limited number of patients.

Introdução: a insuficiência aguda do ventrículo direito (VD) no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca (CCPO) constitui um desafio clínico devido à sua significativa morbidade e mortalidade. O reconhecimento da importância da função do VD no CCPO é fato recente, o que pode ser evidenciado pela ausência de parâmetros de função ventricular direita nos escores de estratificação de risco cirúrgico. Sua definição varia de acordo com diferentes autores, é difícil conhecer sua prevalência e os fatores associados ao seu desenvolvimento. Meta: analisar a prevalência, as características clínicas e ecocardiográficas e o prognóstico dos pacientes com insuficiência de VD em POCC valvular operados no Instituto Nacional de Cirurgia Cardíaca (INCC) em 2021 e estabelecer uma comparação com pacientes operados no mesmo período que não desenvolveram essa complicação. Método: estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia valvar no INCC durante o ano de 2021. Insuficiência aguda do VD no POCC foi considerada como evidência ecocardiográfica de disfunção ventricular direita qualitativamente definida no ecocardiograma pós-operatório. A análise estatística foi realizada com o software SPSS versão 26.0. Resultados: quarenta e cinco pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, dos quais 7 (15,6%) desenvolveram falência do VD no POCC. Não houve diferenças entre as características basais. O grupo que evoluiu com falência do VD no POCC apresentou fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) significativamente menor no ecocardiograma pré-operatório (p = 0,010). Não foram observadas diferenças nas variáveis intraoperatórias. Quanto ao prognóstico, um paciente de cada grupo faleceu no POCC imediato. Conclusões: a FEVE pré-operatória poderia desempenhar um papel na predição de insuficiência aguda do VD no CCPO valvular, achado para ser verificado em estudos prospectivos. O impacto da falência do VD na mortalidade não pôde ser definido devido ao número limitado de pacientes.

Comparison of Single-Dose Cardioplegia in Valvular Heart Surgery: Lactated Ringer's-Based del Nido vs. Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Cardioplegia Solution.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated myocardial protection and clinical outcomes when using lactated Ringer's solution as the base solution for del Nido cardioplegia compared with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution in valvular surgery. METHODS: From January 2017 to May 2018, 71 adult patients who underwent valvular surgery with del Nido cardioplegia (n=37) or HTK cardioplegia (n=34) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Patients' characteristics were comparable between groups. Postoperative peak troponin T levels were similar. The del Nido group had a decreased incidence of ventricular fibrillation after aortic cross-clamp removal (13.51 vs. 55.88%; P<0.001), lower total volume of cardioplegia administered (1,000 [1,000, 1,250] vs. 1,800 [1,500, 2,000] mL; P<0.001), shorter hospital stay (6 [5, 8] vs. 7 [6, 10] days; P=0.03), and less postoperative red cell transfusion (34.29 vs. 61.11%; P=0.024). There is no difference in aortic cross-clamping time, postoperative change in left ventricular ejection fraction, intensive care unit stay, duration of inotropic support, new onset of atrial fibrillation, in-hospital mortality, complications, and three-year overall survival rate. CONCLUSION: Lactated Ringer's-based del Nido cardioplegia can be safely used for valvular surgery with acceptable clinical outcomes compared to HTK cardioplegia.

Comparison of Single-Dose Cardioplegia in Valvular Heart Surgery: Lactated Ringer's-Based del Nido vs. Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Cardioplegia Solution

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study evaluated myocardial protection and clinical outcomes when using lactated Ringer's solution as the base solution for del Nido cardioplegia compared with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution in valvular surgery. Methods: From January 2017 to May 2018, 71 adult patients who underwent valvular surgery with del Nido cardioplegia (n=37) or HTK cardioplegia (n=34) were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Patients' characteristics were comparable between groups. Postoperative peak troponin T levels were similar. The del Nido group had a decreased incidence of ventricular fibrillation after aortic cross-clamp removal (13.51 vs. 55.88%; P<0.001), lower total volume of cardioplegia administered (1,000 [1,000, 1,250] vs. 1,800 [1,500, 2,000] mL; P<0.001), shorter hospital stay (6 [5, 8] vs. 7 [6, 10] days; P=0.03), and less postoperative red cell transfusion (34.29 vs. 61.11%; P=0.024). There is no difference in aortic cross-clamping time, postoperative change in left ventricular ejection fraction, intensive care unit stay, duration of inotropic support, new onset of atrial fibrillation, in-hospital mortality, complications, and three-year overall survival rate. Conclusion: Lactated Ringer's-based del Nido cardioplegia can be safely used for valvular surgery with acceptable clinical outcomes compared to HTK cardioplegia.