Knowledge of gross human anatomy among Brazilian physical education students: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Gross human anatomy is essential in undergraduate programs across biological and health sciences. While extensive literature explores medical students' knowledge in this area, studies on non-medical students, particularly those in physical education, are scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the anatomy knowledge among Brazilian physical education students and explored differences based on employment status, type of class instruction (face-to-face vs. online), and involvement in academic activities. Additionally, we investigated students' perceptions of the assessment instrument and the gross human anatomy course itself. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving physical education students of both sexes, aged 18 and older, from four public Brazilian universities. Participants completed a 15-question multiple-choice survey on human anatomy systems. Correct answers received one point, with a total potential score of 15 points (100%). We categorized scores as excellent (≥ 90%), good (71-89%), sufficient (50-70%), and insufficient (< 50%). Participants had 90minutes to complete the survey. We presented data as median and interquartile range [IQR], median difference (Δ), and 95% confidence intervals. Scores were compared against the median absolute (7.5 points) and relative (50%) values. We used rank-biserial correlation for effect size and set a significance level 0.05. The study included 216 students (143 males) with a median age of 22.4 years [IQR: 4.0]. RESULTS: The final scores were significantly above the cut-offs, with a median absolute score of 9.0 [IQR: 3.0] and a relative score of 60% [IQR: 20%], showing large effects (Δ: +2.0 [1.5-2.0], P<0.001; Δ: +13.33% [10.0-13.34%], P<0.001). There were no significant differences in either the absolute or relative final scores (P≥0.05) between students who participated in academic activities and those who did not, nor between students who attended face-to-face versus online gross human anatomy classes. However, we found a significant difference between non-working students and their employed counterparts, with non-workers scoring higher both absolutely (P=0.002) and relatively (P=0.002) on the gross human anatomy questionnaire. Most of the participants described the difficulty of the gross human anatomy questionnaire as "average" (51.39%, n=111) and rated the gross human anatomy course difficulty as "difficult" (52.8%, n=114). CONCLUSION: Brazilian physical education students demonstrated only sufficient knowledge in gross human anatomy (60%). Therefore, strategies to enhance or maintain their knowledge throughout the educational program are vital.

Disputes over the figures of the COVID-19 pandemic: Epistemic diversity, dissemination of science, and political opposition.

The health policies imposed by multiple national governments after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 were publicly justified by official figures on the deaths that the new virus would have caused and could cause in the future. At the same time, however, groups of people from different countries expressed their scepticism about those figures. Although they were categorised as 'anti-science', 'spreaders of misinformation' or 'conspiracy theorists' in some media, many of those sceptics claimed to be based on scientific evidence. This article qualitatively analyses a sample of the content published by sceptics on their social media between 2020 and 2022. More specifically, it examines the shared documents supposedly coming from the scientific community. We find very diverse content ranging from unsubstantiated assumptions to documents produced by prestigious scientists inviting questions about the fatality rates, the mathematical models anticipating millions of deaths, and the real numbers of people who died from COVID-19. The disputes surrounding the official figures lead us to a reflection about the relationship between, epistemic diversity, the dissemination of science, censorship, and new forms of political opposition. We also touch upon the nature and ethics of scientific controversy in times of a 'war' against 'misinformation'.

Wild-grown medicinal plants used by the Asháninka people from the Tambo River, Peruvian Amazonia.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Asháninka people are the largest Peruvian Amazonian group, yet the knowledge of their medicinal plants is scarce. This study on Asháninka herbal medicine offers an insight into the Asháninka aetiological system, resting within the wider ontological framework of animism, and cultural expressions of the biomedical understanding of illnesses. AIM OF THE STUDY: To document wild-grown (non-cultivated) plant species in current use by the Asháninka people and look closer at their herbal practices during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study examines whether the knowledge and use of medicinal plants is gendered in this society. It also compares the findings with available literature concerning the Arawakan groups from Peruvian Amazonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The fieldwork was conducted in 13 native communities of the Asháninka people along the Tambo River (Selva Central), Peru, between 2016 and 2018 and in 2022. The main field technique were guided walks in the forest with 27 female and 28 male participants, during which voucher specimens were collected and relevant information was recorded. Semi-structured interviews were performed with specialists in Asháninka traditional medicine and with lay Asháninka people to better understand Asháninka illness aetiologies. The analysis of medicinal plants included medicinal categories and uses, modes of preparations, the frequency of use and the knowledge about the plants between the genders. It also presents and discusses detailed testimonies of herbal remedies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The list of recorded plants was compared with ethnobotanical studies of other Arawakan groups from Peruvian Amazonia. RESULTS: Altogether, 169 wild-grown medicinal plant species were documented. Our findings highlight the importance of the Piperaceae and Acanthaceae botanical families in the Asháninka pharmacopoeia. The plants were used for 23 medicinal categories, of which dermatological disorders, digestive problems and venomous bites were the most prevalent. Over 70% of recorded plants were commonly and moderately known by the study participants. More exclusive species were found among the men than women; however, 64 % of all recorded plants were known to both genders. Sixty-one percent of recorded plants were not mentioned by any other study of medicinal plants among other Arawakan groups in Peruvian Amazonia. During the Covid-19 pandemic, nobody in the native communities at the Tambo River died directly due to the virus, which was attributed, amongst others, to effective and culturally-appropriate prophylaxis and treatments with medicinal plants. CONCLUSION: To this day, the Asháninka people at the Tambo River conserve the knowledge and practices related to medicinal plants which meet the daily needs of dwelling in subtropical forest; these are deeply rooted in animistic ontology, with the emphasis on spirit predation and retaliation. And yet, numerous applications of plants are compatible with the biomedical notion of illness and symptoms. Plant knowledge is shared between the genders, although specific plants exist for men and women, which are related to their gendered social and family roles. Some overlap and consensus exists with other studies regarding medicinal uses, which reflects the rich and diverse knowledge of medicinal plants among the Arawakan groups in Peruvian Amazonia, and this deserves further study.

Conocimiento en estudiantes de enfermería sobre desinfección terminal del área quirúrgica / Knowledge in nursing students about terminal disinfection of the surgical area

Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato sobre la desinfección terminal del área quirúrgica. Metodología: Esta investigación es cuantitativa, con enfoque descriptivo de cohorte transversal ya que el nivel de conocimiento se ha representado mediante tablas y gráficos para describir la problemática del periodo octubre 2023-febrero 2024. Resultados: Se evidencia el alto porcentaje de respuestas incorrectas por cada ítem por parte de los estudiantes. La categoría desinfección fue respondida de manera incorrecta con un porcentaje del 26%, la categoría proceso de desinfección con el 55,6%, la categoría aplicación del DAN con el 45.8%, la categoría desinfectante del DAN con el 36,2% y, por último, la categoría riesgo y prevención del DAN con el 29,2%. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre desinfección es bajo, porque no están lo suficientemente motivados o interesados en el tema de desinfección[AU]

Determine the level of knowledge of nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato about terminal disinfection of the surgical area.Methodology:This research is quantitative, with a descriptive cross-sectional cohort approach and the level of knowledge has been represented through tables and graphs to describe the problems of the period October 2023-February 2024.Results:A high percentage of incorrect answers for each item by the students is evident. The disinfection category was answered incorrectly with a percentage of 26%, the disinfection process category with 55.6%, the DAN application category with 45.8%, the disinfectant category with 36.2% and, finally, the DAN risk and prevention category. with 29.2%. Conclusions:The level of knowledge of students about disinfection is low, because they are not sufficiently motivated or interested in the topic of disinfection[AU]

Determinar o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Técnica de Ambato sobre desinfecção terminal da área cirúrgica. Metodologia:Esta pesquisa é quantitativa, com abordagem descritiva de coorte transversal e o nível de conhecimento foi representado por meio de tabelas e gráficos para descrever os problemas do período outubro de 2023 a fevereiro de 2024.Resultados: Evidencia-se um alto percentual de respostas incorretas para cada item por parte dos alunos. A categoria desinfecção foi respondida incorretamente com um percentual de 26%, a categoria processo de desinfecção com 55,6%, a categoria aplicação DAN com 45,8%, a categoria desinfetante com 36,2% e, por último, a categoria risco e prevenção DAN. com 29,2%.Conclusões:O nível de conhecimento dos alunos sobre desinfecção é baixo, porque não estão suficientemente motivados ou interessados no tema da desinfecção[AU]

Conocimiento en estudiantes de enfermería sobre sepsis quirúrgico / Knowledge in nursing students about surgical sepsis

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato sobre sepsis quirúrgica. Material y método: La presente investigación tiene un diseño de desarrollo observacional, de tipo descriptivo, cohorte transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo, ya que el nivel de cono-cimiento se verá representado mediante tablas y gráficos para des-cribir la problemática del periodo octubre 2023 febrero 2024. Re-sultados: Se evidencia un alto porcentaje de respuestas incorrectas por cada ítem por parte de los estudiantes. La categoría Nivel de Conocimiento sobre Definición de Sepsis, fue respondida de ma-nera incorrecta con un porcentaje del 83,9%, la categoría Nivel de Conocimiento sobre Diagnóstico de Sepsis obtuvo 51,7% y, por úl-timo, la Nivel de Conocimiento sobre Tratamiento de Sepsis con el 29,2%. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre Sepsis Quirúrgica es malo, debido a que existe una subesti-mación de la gravedad de la sepsis como afección potencialmente mortal, lo que puede traer un impacto negativo en los pacientes[AU]

Objective: Determine the level of knowledge of nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato about surgical sepsis. Mate-rials and methods: This research has an observational, descriptive, transversal development design, with a quantitative approach since the level of knowledge will be represented through tables and gra-phs to describe the problems of the period October 2023-February 2024. Results: A high percentage of incorrect answers for each item by the students is evident. The category Level of Knowledge about Definition of Sepsis was answered incorrectly with a percentage of 83.9%, the category Level of Knowledge about Diagnosis of Sepsis obtained 51.7% and, finally, the category Level of Knowledge about Treatment of Sepsis. Sepsis with 29.2%. Conclusions: The level of knowledge of students about Surgical Sepsis is poor because there is an underestimation of the severity of sepsis as a potentially fatal condition, which can have a negative impact on patients[AU]

Objetivo: Determinar o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Técnica de Ambato sobre sepse ci-rúrgica. Material e método: Esta pesquisa possui desenho de coor-te observacional, descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantita-tiva, uma vez que o nível de conhecimento será representado por meio de tabelas e gráficos para descrever o problema no período de outubro de 2023 a fevereiro de 2024. Resultados: Uma parada. É evidente o percentual de respostas incorretas para cada item por parte dos alunos. A categoria Nível de Conhecimento sobre Defi-nição de Sepse foi respondida incorretamente com percentual de 83,9%, a categoria Nível de Conhecimento sobre Diagnóstico de Sepse obteve 51,7% e por fim, a categoria Nível de Conhecimen-to sobre Tratamento de Sepse com 29,2%. Conclusões: O nível de conhecimento dos estudantes sobre a Sepse Cirúrgica é baixo, pois há uma subestimação da gravidade da sepse como uma condição potencialmente fatal, que pode ter um impacto negativo nos pa-cientes[AU]

Knowledge About Sexually Transmitted Infections and Associated Factors Among Brazilian Riverside People.

Riverside populations in the Amazon are considered vulnerable due to their living conditions, social aspects, and access to health services; therefore, they may be more exposed to sexually transmitted infections. The objective of this study is to analyze knowledge about STI and associated factors in the riverside population of a metropolis from the Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional study carried out in the Combú environmental protection area. The participants were individuals aged at least 18 years old living in the study area. A questionnaire on knowledge about STI was applied, in addition to another one on associated factors. Multiple binary logistic regression was performed in Minitab 22. A total of 325 riverside dwellers participated in the study. Participants with low schooling levels, incomes below one minimum wage and who had never taken any rapid HIV tests are twice as likely to having low knowledge about STI. Those who live with more people in the same household are more likely to presenting low knowledge levels. The social factors exerted a greater impact on low knowledge about STI.

Knowledge of contraceptive methods among deaf women: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the understanding of deaf women regarding contraceptive methods. METHOD: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study in two referral centres for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in São Paulo, Brazil, trough years 2020-2022. Twenty-eight deaf women who use Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) were interviewed face-to-face and remotely via videocall using a semi-structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic and clinical data and questions about understanding and knowledge of contraceptive methods. We performed a content analysis through transcription, interpretation, and validation of the LIBRAS translation with the assistance of NVivo software. RESULTS: Communication barrier (28/28) was the primary factor associated with low knowledge about contraceptive methods. Regarding barrier methods, 20 (71%) participants reported be familiar with condoms, 13 (46%) with diaphragms, 20 (71%) about oral contraceptives, and 17 (60%) about injectable methods. Concerning long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), 16 (57%) were aware about intrauterine devices and 7 (25%) with subdermal implants. Fifteen (53%) of participants were aware about female and male permanent contraception. Unplanned pregnancy rate was 59% and use of fertility awareness methods was reported by 6 (21%), barrier methods 5 (17%), short-acting methods 6 (21%), LARC 2 (7%) and permanent contraception among 4 (14%). CONCLUSION: In our sample of deaf women, condoms and oral contraceptives were identified more often and were more in use. All interviewed deaf women cited communication as a barrier to accessing information about contraceptive methods, highlighting the low knowledge and use of LARC.

Communication barrier was the main factor pointed out by the deaf participant women, associated with low awareness and a low usage rate of more effective contraceptives. Our data is important for the development of health policies aimed at creating new reproductive counselling techniques for deaf women.

[Impact of educational intervention in a population with type 2 diabetes mellitus] / Impacto de la intervención educativa en una población con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2.

Introduction: The complications associated with the chronic pathophysiological process of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a significant impact on the affected population. The Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24) determines the level of knowledge about diabetes, providing health professionals with information to carry out useful educational interventions and prevent both acute and chronic complications of the disease Objective: To assess the long-term effect of implementing a hospital-based therapeutic diabetes education model (self-care and knowledge) on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a population from southern Colombia. Materials and methods: Longitudinal study, prospective type, conducted on 60 hospitalized T2DM patients. The DKQ-24 was used for pre-assessment, and after 90 days, it was administered again, along with the collection of biometric variables. The intervention consisted of 5 sessions of therapeutic diabetes education in hospital settings. Results: The average results according to the DKQ-2 questionnaire pre-intervention (10.13±3.28) and post-intervention (20.13±2.77) showed significant differences (p<0.000). The biometric profile indicated significant differences (p<0.000) during pre and post-intervention, except for systolic blood pressure (p=0.275). The Cronbach's alpha for the DKQ 24 had an adequate value of 0.86. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for average measures was 0.860, considered "good" (p<0.000). Conclusions: The diabetes educational intervention demonstrated significant changes in basic knowledge levels regarding the disease, glycemic control, and complication prevention, improving the patient's biometric profile and highlighting its importance.

Introducción: Las complicaciones asociadas al proceso fisiopatológico crónico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) inciden enormemente en la población que la padece. El Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24), determina el nivel de conocimientos sobre diabetes, proporcionando información a los profesionales de la salud, para realizar intervenciones educativas útiles y prevenir complicaciones agudas y crónicas de la enfermedad. Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de un modelo de educación terapéutica diabetológica hospitalario (autocuidado y conocimiento) a largo plazo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en una población del sur de Colombia.  Materiales y métodos: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo, realizado en 60 pacientes con DM2 hospitalizados. Se utilizó el cuestionario DKQ-24 como evaluación previa y posterior a 90 días se aplicó de nuevo junto con la toma de las variables biométricas. Se realizo la intervención en 5 sesiones educativas de educación terapéutica diabetológica en ámbitos hospitalarios. Resultados: Los resultados promedios según el cuestionario DKQ-2 pre (10,13±3,28) y posintervención (20,13±2,77) presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0.000). Según el perfil biométrico indico diferencias significativas (p<0.000) durante la pre y posintervención, excepto para la presión sistólica (p= 0,275). El alfa de Cronbach para el DKQ 24 tuvo un valor adecuado de 0,86. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC) para las medidas promedio fue de 0,860, considerado "bueno" (p<0.000). Conclusión: La intervención educativa diabetológica mostró cambios importantes en los niveles de conocimiento básico sobre la enfermedad, control glicémico y la prevención de complicaciones, mejorando el perfil biométrico en el paciente, evidenciando su importancia.

Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of physical literacy (PL) in school children (10 to 16 years) in Santiago, Chile, and to explore the relationship between PL and body mass index (BMI). In addition, gender and age differences were analyzed in relation to PL levels in a context where childhood obesity remains a public health challenge. Methods: A total of 439 students in grades 5-8 were assessed using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) questionnaire. Demographic variables (sex, age, and BMI) were correlated with levels of motivation to engage in physical activity and physical activity knowledge. Chi-square and effect size were applied. Results: The results revealed a significant correlation between motivation for physical activity and gender, with boys showing higher levels of motivation than girls (χ² = 12.403, p < 0.006). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and motivation (effect size = 0.198), suggesting that more motivated children tend to have a healthier BMI. Knowledge about physical activity increased with age (χ² = 60.460, p < 0.001) but did not have a significant influence on BMI. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need to design gender-specific interventions that enhance motivation as a key factor in promoting a healthy lifestyle and physical activity adherence. Public health strategies should include motivation-driven approaches to foster physical literacy and long-term engagement in physical activity, particularly for girls, to address pediatric health challenges in Chile. Public health policies should address these factors to improve pediatric health outcomes.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the prolapse and incontinence knowledge quiz (PIKQ-Br) for Brazilian women with urinary incontinence.

BACKGROUND: The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Quiz (PIKQ) was developed to assess women's knowledge of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI). OBJECTIVE: To perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the PIKQ for Brazilian women with UI (PIKQ-Br). METHODS: The measurement properties were tested for validity (content and face, structural, and hypotheses testing) and reliability (internal consistency, test-retest, and measurement error) in 130 women with UI from Recife, Brazil. Hypotheses testing for construct validity was assessed by Spearman's correlation coefficients. The standard error of measurement and the smallest detectable change were used to determine the measurement error. The structural validity was examined using a confirmatory factor analysis. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The structural validity was analyzed with a single factor and 12 questions, revealing the goodness-of-fit was inappropriate (TLI=0.60; RMSEA=0.07). The two factors and 10-question version presented adequate values and factor loading (>0.30), except questions 1, 7, and 8 in PIKQ-POP. Positive and moderate correlations for hypotheses testing were observed for PIKQ-UI-10 (rho=0.439). Positive and weak correlations were observed for PIKQ-POP-10 (rho=0.278). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for PIKQ-UI-10 were 0.718 and 0.710 for PIKQ-POP-10. Both scales showed excellent reliability (ICC>0.93). The PIKQ-UI-10 and PIKQ-POP-10 had SEM values of 0.24 and 0.31 and SDC of 0.66 and 0.85, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The PIKQ-Br with 10 questions and two-factor presented adequate measurement properties, and can be a useful instrument to assess women's knowledge about UI and POP.

SETTING AN AGENDA FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE THOUGHT OF ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER (1788-1860) IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOTHERAPY.

There is a growing interest in the German thinker Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), sometimes referred to as "the psychologist of the "will", but scarce empirical research has been conducted on the relevance of his philosophy for psychology and psychiatry. Following his death, philosophers, psychologists, psychiatrists, artists, writers, and natural scientists commended him. However, he was harshly criticized by others, notably by Friedrich Nietzsche and Martin Heidegger. Schopenhauer entitled his capital work as "The world as will and representation" (1818). His key concept is the "Will" which refers to the metaphysical source of all that exists. He considered deliberate human actions as a small part of the whole Will, which is mostly unconscious, blind, and purposeless. While the primeval Will is unknowable, the inner perception of our body in wishing is the closest approximation to the Will. Living beings have a "Representation" of the Will. With this construct, Schopenhauer explored most areas of knowledge in his time. The Will's nature, conceived as a tendency or imperative to exist, unavoidably leads to normative self-centeredness in all living beings, and often to egoism and malice in humans. Notwithstanding, he envisioned a path for individual (but not collective) salvation based on aesthetic contemplation, compassion, and asceticism. After describing his text's plan, we propose that selected contemporary constructs of psychotherapy may meet Schopenhauer's path to individual salvation. This sets the basis for approaching Schopenhauer to standard and novel psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational tools, as we illustrate here in selected aspects of clinical cases. The psychological correlates of the Will as postulated by Schopenhauer, and the sharp prose by which he referred to human motivations, are his key contributions to contemporary psychotherapy and psychoeducation. Since Schopenhauer funded his thought on the natural sciences, it may also enrich the integrative trends in contemporary psychiatry and psychology.

The influence of urbanization on local ecological knowledge: a systematic review.

Urbanization is a complex and multifaceted process studied across various scientific disciplines. However, in ethnobiology, research on the impacts of urbanization on local ecological knowledge (LEK) often lacks standardization and tends to focus primarily on local scales. This study aims to systematically characterize how researchers address urbanization in ethnobiology and assess its effects on LEK globally. We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA protocol and selected 66 studies from the Web of Science and Scopus databases for analysis. Our findings reveal that researchers often do not adopt a consistent definition of urbanization, frequently framing their study areas within a simplistic urban-rural dichotomy. Although some studies used urbanization indicators, our qualitative analyses, including a correlation matrix, showed that these indicators were largely independent of each other. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) with clustering identified four groupings among the indicators, yet with low correlations between them. A t test analysis of the 66 papers shows that urbanization generally has a negative impact on LEK. Based on these findings, we emphasize the critical need for standardized urbanization indicators in ethnobiological studies and propose a new approach for characterizing urbanization, which will enhance the precision and relevance of future research in this field.

Sociodemographic characteristics and participation of women in meliponiculture from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Meliponiculture is the breeding of stingless bees (SB) or bees of the Meliponini tribe. In Mexico, this activity was practiced before the arrival of the Spaniards, with the Yucatan Peninsula (YP) (comprising the states of Campeche, Quintana Roo and Yucatan) being the most important region due to its link with the economic, cultural and medicinal aspects of the Mayan communities. The objective of this study was to compare the sociodemographic characteristics and the participation of women in meliponiculture practiced in the YP. Our hypothesis suggests that the participation of women in meliponiculture is lower compared to that of men due to their sociocultural responsibilities in the community. METHODS: A total of 56 interviews were conducted between December 2021 and December 2023, using referral sampling (this procedure was used due to non-availability of any producer's list; and due the random nature of the information obtained from various producers belonging to different sociodemographic contexts). The interview form consisted of the following sections: basic information about the producer, gender, age, years of education, number of colonies, honey production and years of experience. The information collected was analyzed using a Student's t-test in the R program. RESULTS: It was observed that 66% of meliponiculturists were men and 34% were women. Differences were observed in the average age and number of colonies, in men with 47.4 ± 3.24; years and 36.19 ± 10.28 colonies; while in women, it was 38.1 ± 2.80 (t = 2.14; p = 0.036; gl = 52) years and 14.00 ± 2.42 (t = 2.09; p = 0.042; gl = 40) colonies. No differences were observed between the years of education (8.84 ± 0.79; men and 8.74 ± 0.94 (women; t = 0.08; p = 0.935; gl = 45) and the honey obtained per colony (0.620 ± 0.04 kg/honey; men and 0.600 ± 0.08 kg/honey; women; t = 0.18; p = 0.853, gl = 26). CONCLUSION: Meliponiculture in the YP is an activity practiced in a greater proportion by men; who also have a greater number of colonies compared to women. On the other hand, women who practice honey production are younger than men. The performance of rural women in commercial beekeeping has been affected by their traditional role in household activities and child care. They do not have enough time dedicated to meliponiculture; although the income they can obtain from the sale of products could contribute to the financial support of the family.

Sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV in women of reproductive age from Peru.

BACKGROUND: To determine the sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV in women of reproductive age from Peru in 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study. We analyzed a demographic and family health survey (ENDES) 2021 carried out in women of reproductive age (12 to 49 years of age). The dependent variables were the adequate level of knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV, the independents were sociodemographic variables. The statistical analysis was carried out with a Poisson regression model with robust variance obtaining the adjusted prevalence ratio (PRa) and confidence intervals. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent (CI 95%: 32,9-35,1) had an adequate level of knowledge about HIV and 32,9% (CI 95%: 31,7-34,0) had adequate attitudes. In the multivariate analysis, the main variables associated with the adequate level of knowledge about HIV were the higher level of education (PRa = 1,19; CI 95%: 1,15-1,23) and very rich wealth quintile (PRa = 1,15; CI 95%: 1,01-1,20); while the main variables associated with adequate attitudes on HIV were higher level of education (PRa = 1,44; CI 95%: 1,40-1,48), high-school education level (PRa = 1,21; CI 95%; 1,18-1,24), very rich wealth quintile (PRa = 1,18; CI 95%: 1,14-1,22), and age range between 35 and 49 years (PRa = 1,18; CI 95%: 1,15-1,21). CONCLUSIONS: The sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV in Peruvian women of reproductive age were mainly higher level of wealth, higher level of education, and a higher age range. Other sociodemographic variables presented a weak association with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV.

What Should We Teach to Promote Bee Conservation Awareness? Insights from the Perception of Brazilian Middle School Students.

Pollination service is a global issue with significant impacts on ecosystem maintenance and food production. The decline of bees has highlighted the importance of public awareness and conservation policies to ensure food security and the sustainable use of such services. In this study, we investigated the awareness about bee diversity and pollination services among young students in a medium-sized city in the Cerrado region, the main agricultural frontier in Central Brazil. We applied questionnaires and multiple correspondence analyses to evaluate students' information on the subject, in three middle schools in Uberlândia-MG. Honeybees, a non-native species in Brazil, were the most cited bee by students (47.8%). While most students believed that bees should be protected (93.14%), only 66.66% recognized their importance to humans. Although 72.28% of the participants claimed to know what pollination is, nearly half of them (49%) did not fully understand the process and considered it unimportant for people's lives. Participants who recognized solitary native bees showed a better understanding of the pollination process. Our findings indicate that schools, the internet, and television are the main sources of information on bees for young students in Central Brazil. Understanding people's perception of bees can guide environmental education and citizen science projects and inform decision-making for biodiversity conservation actions. In this article, we identify essential elements for teaching a holistic view of bees and pollination promoting the comprehension of their importance.

Reasons for organ and tissue donation refusal and opposition: a scoping review.

Objective: To map the reasons why individuals oppose or refuse organ and tissue donation, from an international perspective. Methods: A scoping review was conducted from May 2022 to February 2024 using a three-stage search strategy across five databases and Google Scholar. Data analysis involved categorizing information based on similarities and populations studied. Results: The analysis included 92 articles and national reports. The data collected were classified into two categories. Category 1 included the reasons why individuals oppose deceased donation: lack of knowledge about the donation process, 22 (16.5%); religious beliefs, 21 (15.8%); fear of mutilation or damage to body integrity, 17 (12.8%); conflicts with health care professionals during hospitalization or distrust of professionals or the organ donation process, 11 (8.3%); and unknown reasons, 11 (8.3%). Category 2 included the reasons why individuals refuse to donate a deceased relative's organs and tissues after the family interview for deceased donation: previous written or verbal expression by the potential donor, 42 (10.1%); fear of mutilation or damage to body integrity, 41 (9.9%); conflicts with health care professionals during hospitalization or distrust of professionals or the organ donation process, 38 (9.2%); religious beliefs, 37 (8.9%); and individual motivations, 36 (8.7%). Conclusions: This scoping review found that there were two main categories of reasons behind being opposed to or declining organ and tissue donation, with 23 subcategories. By mapping these reasons across international contexts, these findings provide insights for future research and can be used to inform the development of educational initiatives on organ and tissue donation.

Intervenção educativa para prevenção da remoção não eletiva do cateter central de inserção periférica em pediatria / Educational intervention to prevent unplanned removal of peripherally inserted central catheters in pediatrics / Intervención educativa para prevenir la retirada no electiva del catéter central de inserción periférica en pediatria

Resumo Enquadramento: A participação da equipe de enfermagem nas intervenções educativas utilizando a metodologia da problematização melhora o conhecimento teórico, reduzindo o número de cateteres retirados precocemente. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da intervenção educativa na equipa de enfermagem na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica na melhoria do conhecimento teórico sobre a prevenção de complicações que ocasionam a remoção não eletiva do cateter central de inserção periférica. Metodologia: Estudo quase-experimental com aplicação de questionário antes e após intervenção educativa, com aplicação do teste t de Student Pareado, considerando-se o nível de significância de 95% e os valores de p < 0,05 significativos. Resultados: Aumento do conhecimento teórico após intervenção, com aumento da média da pontuação dos técnicos em enfermagem de 5,30 (DP = 1,49) para 9,10 (DP = 1,79) e enfermeiros de 11,83 (DP = 2,12) para 20,67 (DP = 2,46). Conclusão: Espera-se que esse conhecimento teórico sobre a prevenção de complicações se efetive no ato de cuidar, promovendo a melhoria da prática de manutenção e, consequentemente, redução das perdas prematuras do cateter.

Abstract Background: The nursing team's participation in educational interventions using the problematization methodology improves theoretical knowledge, reducing the number of catheters removed early. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on the nursing team of a pediatric intensive care unit in improving theoretical knowledge about the prevention of complications resulting from the unplanned removal of peripherally inserted central catheters. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted using a questionnaire before and after the educational intervention. The paired Student's t-test was applied, with a significance level of 95% and a p-value of p < 0.05. Results: Theoretical knowledge increased significantly after the educational intervention. The mean score for nursing technicians increased from 5.30 (SD = 1.49) to 9.10 (SD = 1.79), while the mean score for nurses increased from 11.83 (SD = 2.12) to 20.67 (SD = 2.46). Conclusion: The theoretical knowledge about the prevention of complications should be used to improve catheter maintenance practices and reduce premature catheter loss.

Resumen Marco contextual: La participación del equipo en la acción educativa, problematizando su realidad profesional, mejora los conocimientos teóricos, lo que permite reducir el número de catéteres retirados prematuramente. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa para el equipo de enfermería de una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos para mejorar los conocimientos teóricos sobre la prevención de las complicaciones que causan la retirada no electiva del catéter central de inserción periférica. Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental mediante cuestionario antes y después de la intervención educativa, con aplicación de la prueba t Student Pareado, considerando un nivel de significación del 95% y valores p < 0,05 como significativos. Resultados: Aumento del conocimiento teórico tras la intervención educativa, con un aumento de la puntuación media de los técnicos de enfermería de 5,30 (DP = 1,49) para 9,10 (DP = 1,79) y dos enfermeros de 11,83 (DP = 2,12) para 20,67 (DP = 2,46). Conclusión: Se espera que este conocimiento teórico sobre la prevención de complicaciones se haga efectivo en la práctica asistencial, mejorando así las prácticas de mantenimiento y, en consecuencia, reduciendo la retirada prematura del catéter.

La importancia del sueño en los adolescentes: impacto de variables sociodemográficas y de factores personales / The Importance of Sleep in Adolescents: Impact of Sociodemographic Variables and Personal Factors

Resumen Objetivo: Ante la escasez de investigaciones que traten de manera conjunta el conocimiento, la calidad y la higiene del sueño en el adolescente, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las diferencias y las relaciones que existen entre estas variables en función de características sociodemográficas y personales. Método: A través de los instrumentos Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S) y Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr), se midieron las características del sueño de 140 estudiantes (M = 16,75; DE = 0,75). Resultados: El 89,3% de los adolescentes presentaban problemas de sueño, subyacentes de la mejorable higiene del sueño por parte del 62,2% y de un escaso conocimiento general del sueño. El sexo femenino y el alumnado en cursos superiores presentaron mayores problemas para conciliar el sueño, somnolencia y una baja gestión cognitiva-emocional (p < 0,05). La higiene del sueño (β = - 0,344), la edad (β = 0,154) y el autoconcepto (β = -0,349) son los factores que predijeron significativamente (p < 0,05) la calidad del sueño del adolescente. Conclusiones: La adquisición de una adecuada higiene del sueño se vuelve fundamental para mejorar la calidad del descanso y la funcionalidad diurna en adolescentes, destacando su importancia, sobre todo, en niveles académicos avanzados y en el caso específico de las mujeres.

Abstract Objective: Given the scarcity of research addressing the intersection of knowledge, sleep quality, and hygiene among adolescents, the primary objective of this study is to analyse the variations and correlations among these variables based on socio-demographic and personal characteristics. Method: The Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), the Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S), the Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr) were used to measure the sleep characteristics of the 140 Spanish students (M = 16,75; SD = 0,75). Results: Sleep problems were found in 89,3% of the adolescents, underlying poor sleep hygiene in 62,2% and poor general sleep knowledge (SBS = 12,04). Females and students in higher grades presented greater problems in falling asleep, sleepiness, and poor cognitive-emotional management (p < 0,05). Sleep hygiene (β = - 0,344), age (β = 0,154), and self-concept (β = -0,349) were the factors that significantly (p < 0,05) predicted adolescent sleep quality. Conclusions: The acquisition of proper sleep hygiene becomes crucial to enhance the quality of rest and daytime functionality in adolescents, emphasizing its significance, especially in advanced academic levels and specifically in the case of females.

Amizade e deficiência: análise das redes de conhecimento / Friendship and disability: An analysis of knowledge networks

Resumo Introdução: A amizade influencia positivamente o desenvolvimento humano. Todavia, pessoas com deficiencia enfrentam dificuldades para construir e manter esse vínculo. Este estudo objetiva explorar e analisar as redes de conhecimento da literatura sobre amizade e deficiencia de 2017 a 2022. Método: Utilizando critérios Prisma, a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science. Os softwares VOSviewer e Pajek foram usados para construir e analisar as redes. Resultados: Foram analisados 68 artigos. Os Estados Unidos lideram em publicaçoes, entretanto o Reino Unido é mais influente na rede. As principais investigaçoes na área sao: transtorno do espectro autista, deficiencia intelectual, inclusao social, habilidades sociais e violencia contra a pessoa com deficiencia. Documentos influentes abordam análise temática em psicologia, amizade de pessoas com transtorno do espectro autista e deficiencia intelectual. Conclusões: Os mapas de conhecimento e análise de redes ajudam a explorar a literatura, o que permite compreender tendencias, estrutura intelectual base e correlações científicas.

Abstract Introduction: Friendship positively influences human development. However, people with disabilities face difficulties in building and maintaining this bond. This study aims to explore and analyze the knowledge networks in the literature on friendship and disabilities from 2017 to 2022. Method: Using PRISMA criteria, the search was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. VOSviewer and Pajek software were used to construct and analyze the networks. Results: Sixty-eight articles were analyzed. The United States leads in publications, but the United Kingdom is more influential in the network. The main research areas are autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, social inclusion, social skills, and violence against people with disabilities. Influential documents address thematic analysis in psychology, and friendship among individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Conclusions: Knowledge maps and network analysis help explore the literature, allowing an understanding of trends, the foundational intellectual structure, and scientific correlations.

Prevalence of Developmental Dental Anomalies in Pediatric Patients and an Assessment of Students' Knowledge in Two Mexican Dental Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study / Prevalencia de anomalías del desarrollo dental en pacientes pediátricos y evaluación del conocimiento de estudiantes de dos facultades de odontología mexicanas: un estudio transversal

Abstract Dental anomalies (DAs) in children refer to conditions affecting the structure, number, shape, and size of teeth. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these anomalies in both primary and permanent dentitions among two Mexican pediatric populations aged 2-14 years. Additionally, the level of knowledge about DAs among students pursuing a degree in dentistry in both universities was determined. A cross-sectional study was conducted on children making their first visit to the Pediatric Dental Clinics of the Universities of Nuevo León and San Luis Potosí in México between March and May 2017. The prevalence of DAs was estimated. In addition, a questionnaire comprising 20 closed items regarding DAs was administered to 100 undergraduate students to evaluate their level of knowledge. Ninety-four children (54 boys and 42 girls; mean age 9.73±2.1 years) were included. Twenty-two patients (23.4%) exhibited at least one DA in their primary or permanent teeth. The most common DAs were in size (macrodontia) and structure (enamel hypoplasia). Agenesis occurred three times, and there were two cases of mesiodens. Regarding gender, 10 patients were girls (45.4%), and 12 were boys (54.6%). The prevalence of DAs in permanent teeth (57.5%) was higher than that in primary teeth (42.5%, p=0.031). Only two patients presented DAs in both primary and permanent teeth. No tooth-shaped anomalies were detected. Regarding the level of knowledge among the university students, the percentage of correct answers was 61.6%. Our findings emphasize the importance of encouraging parents to initiate pediatric dental visits early. Additionally, the study highlights the significance of conducting a thorough evaluation of the patients.

Resumen Las anomalías dentales (ADs) son defectos en la estructura, número, forma y tamaño de los dientes. En el presente estudio se evaluó la prevalencia de estas anomalías, tanto en la dentición primaria como permanente, en dos poblaciones mexicanas de 2 a 14 años de edad. Además, se determinó el nivel de conocimiento sobre ADs entre los estudiantes de la carrera de cirujano dentista, en ambas universidades. Se realizó un estudio transversal en niños que acudieron por primera vez a las Clínicas Odontopediátricas de las Universidades de Nuevo León y San Luis Potosí (México), entre marzo y mayo de 2017. Se estimó la prevalencia de las ADs, y se aplicó un cuestionario de 20 ítems relacionados con éstas a 100 estudiantes de licenciatura para determinar su nivel de conocimiento. Se incluyeron 94 niños (54 niños y 42 niñas; edad media 9.73±2.1 años). Veintidós pacientes (23.4%) presentaban al menos una AD. Las más frecuentes fueron macrodoncia e hipoplasia del esmalte. La agenesia ocurrió en tres ocasiones, y hubo dos casos de mesiodens. En cuanto al sexo, 10 pacientes eran niñas (45,4%) y 12 niños (54,6%). La prevalencia de ADs en dientes permanentes (57.5%) fue superior a la de dientes temporales (42.5%). Sólo dos pacientes presentaron ADs en los dientes temporales. Sólo dos pacientes presentaban ADs en ambas denticiones. No se detectaron anomalías de forma. En cuanto al nivel de conocimientos entre los estudiantes universitarios, el porcentaje de respuestas correctas fue de 61.6%. El 23.4% de los participantes presentaba al menos una AD en los dientes primarios o permanentes, como macrodoncia e hipoplasia del esmalte. Estos resultados demuestran lo crucial que es alentar a los padres a visitar al odontopediatra a una edad temprana y la importancia de realizar una evaluación integral de los pacientes.