Evaluating the Effects of a Topical Preparation with Dexpanthenol, Silbiol, Undecylenic Acid, and Lidocaine on Palatal Mucosa Wound Healing in a Rat Model

Background: Postoperative complications occur after periodontal plastic surgeries, but an ideal treatment to overcome them has not been found yet. Aims: To evaluate the effects of topically applied Oral-norm gel on the healing of excisional wounds. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: Excisional wounds with a diameter of 3 mm were made in the center of the palatal mucosa of 63 Sprague Dawley rats. Seven animals were sacrificed at time 0. The remaining rats were divided into two groups: a test group in which the topical Oral-norm gel was applied three times a day and a control group in which nothing was applied. Seven animals in each group were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Mean wound surface area was measured photographically, while wound healing and width were evaluated microscopically. Results: The mean wound surface area decreased significantly after 3 days in both groups (p<0.001). Between days 3 and 7, the mean wound surface area decreased from 6.62 (2.85) to 0.83 (1.62) mm2 in the control group and 5.07 (0.88) to 1.42 (1.67) mm2 in the test group. The wound width decreased significantly on day 7 in both groups (p<0.001), with no further changes by day 14. Both groups had a significant increase in inflammation and vascularization on day 3 (p<0.001), with a reduction thereafter. No significant differences in macroscopic and microscopic measurements were observed between the groups at any time point (p>0.05). Conclusion: The Oral-norm gel has no positive healing effects in the palatal mucosa of rats.

Inhibition of Bromelain Activity During Enzymatic Debridement of Burn Wounds Pretreated With Frequently Used Products.

An enzyme mixture containing bromelain (NexoBrid®) was found to be suitable for enzymatic debridement of burn wounds, as determined by the criteria of patient comfort and pain, selectivity, and efficiency. Nevertheless, daily experience showed that pretreatment of burn wounds with several other clinical agents may inhibit debridement efficiency. Therefore, the current study was performed to identify those agents and evaluate their debridement inhibition capabilities. The impact of several common agents as well pH, on NexoBrid® debridement efficiency was evaluated in vitro. A collagen-based dermal substitute (MatriDerm®) was exposed to NexoBrid® in the presence of different agents of varying concentrations. Digestion was documented. The criteria used for judging digestion were independently classified by 3 investigators at least 3 times in succession. When a low concentration (1.0 mg/ml) of NexoBrid® was used, a ≥ 50% concentration of Prontosan® had an impact on enzymatic activity. Comparable results were obtained when even lower concentrations of Octenisept® (≥ 10%) were used. A 100-µmol/L concentration of copper inhibited the enzymatic activity of both a low (1.0 mg/ml) and high (10 mg/ml) concentration of NexoBrid®. Silver-sulfadiazine at concentrations of 10% and 90% inhibited the activity of 1 mg/ml NexoBrid®. No complete inhibition of NexoBrid® activity occurred at any concentration of iron. We recommend using polyhexanide-containing agents (Prontosan®) to rinse and presoak burn wounds. Pretreatment of burn wounds with agents containing silver and copper should be avoided. Experimentally, we found a partial inhibition of NexoBrid® activity at the distinct pH values of 3 and 11.

Validación de los métodos para control de calidad de los ingredientes activos en Fungirex crema / Validation of the quality control methods for active ingredients of Fungirex cream

Introducción: Fungirex crema es un producto que contiene dos fármacos: ácido undecilénico y undecilenato de zinc en una base adecuada. Como se trata de un producto que no aparece en las monografías oficiales de las farmacopeas, se proponen métodos analíticos sencillos capaces de cuantificar los analitos de interés en la crema, útiles para la liberación de los lotes de crema recién elaborados.Objetivo: validar dos métodos volumétricos para control de calidad de los ingredientes activos presentes en Fungirex crema. Métodos: se propuso una volumetría de neutralización directa para cuantificar ácido undecilénico previa extracción del analito y la complejometría con EDTA para undecilenato de zinc. Atendiendo a la clasificación de ambos métodos en la categoría I, se realizó la validación de ambos métodos a través de los parámetros: especificidad, linealidad, exactitud, precisión y rango. Resultados: se corroboró la ausencia de interferencia de los restantes componentes de la matriz. Los criterios de aceptación establecidos para linealidad, exactitud y precisión se cumplieron satisfactoriamente para los dos métodos en estudio, por lo que fueron válidos en el rango de 50 a 150 por ciento (método por volumetría de neutralización: 25,6-76,8 mg/g y método por complejometría: 111,1-333,3 mg/g). Conclusiones: los métodos volumétricos propuestos fueron lineales, precisos, exactos y específicos para realizar el control de calidad de Fungirex crema en base al contenido de ácido undecilénico y undecilenato de zinc(AU)

Introduction: Fungirex cream is a two-drug product, that is, undecylenic acid and zinc undecylenate over a suitable basis. Since this is a product not documented in the official monographs of the pharmacopeae, simple analytical methods were suggested for quantitation of analytes of interest in the cream, which are useful for release of newly prepared cream batches. Objective: to validate two volumetric methods for the quality control of active ingredients in Fungirex cream. Methods: a direct neutralization volumetric method was suggested to quantitate undecylenic acid after the analyte extraction and EDTA complexometry for zinc undecylenate . According to the classification of both methods in the category I, they were validated through the parameters specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and range. Results: the non-interference of the rest of the matrix components was corroborated. The set acceptance criteria for linearity, accuracy and precision were satisfactorily met for the two study methods, so they were valid in the 50-150 percent range (neutralization volumetry method: 25.6-76.8 mg/g and complexometry method 111.1-333,3 mg/g). Conclusions: the suggested volumetric methods were linear, specific, precise, and accurate for the quality control of Fungirex cream based on the undecylenic acid and zinc undecylenate content(AU)

Validación de los métodos para control de calidad de los ingredientes activos en Fungirex crema / Validation of the quality control methods for active ingredients of Fungirex cream

INTRODUCCIÓN: Fungirex crema es un producto que contiene dos fármacos: ácido undecilénico y undecilenato de zinc en una base adecuada. Como se trata de un producto que no aparece en las monografías oficiales de las farmacopeas, se proponen métodos analíticos sencillos capaces de cuantificar los analitos de interés en la crema, útiles para la liberación de los lotes de crema recién elaborados. OBJETIVO: validar dos métodos volumétricos para control de calidad de los ingredientes activos presentes en Fungirex crema. MÉTODOS: se propuso una volumetría de neutralización directa para cuantificar ácido undecilénico previa extracción del analito y la complejometría con EDTA para undecilenato de zinc. Atendiendo a la clasificación de ambos métodos en la categoría I, se realizó la validación de ambos métodos a través de los parámetros: especificidad, linealidad, exactitud, precisión y rango. RESULTADOS: se corroboró la ausencia de interferencia de los restantes componentes de la matriz. Los criterios de aceptación establecidos para linealidad, exactitud y precisión se cumplieron satisfactoriamente para los dos métodos en estudio, por lo que fueron válidos en el rango de 50 a 150 por ciento (método por volumetría de neutralización: 25,6-76,8 mg/g y método por complejometría: 111,1-333,3 mg/g). CONCLUSIONES: los métodos volumétricos propuestos fueron lineales, precisos, exactos y específicos para realizar el control de calidad de Fungirex crema en base al contenido de ácido undecilénico y undecilenato de zinc(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Fungirex cream is a two-drug product, that is, undecylenic acid and zinc undecylenate over a suitable basis. Since this is a product not documented in the official monographs of the pharmacopeae, simple analytical methods were suggested for quantitation of analytes of interest in the cream, which are useful for release of newly prepared cream batches. OBJECTIVE: to validate two volumetric methods for the quality control of active ingredients in Fungirex cream. METHODS: a direct neutralization volumetric method was suggested to quantitate undecylenic acid after the analyte extraction and EDTA complexometry for zinc undecylenate . According to the classification of both methods in the category I, they were validated through the parameters specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and range. RESULTS: the non-interference of the rest of the matrix components was corroborated. The set acceptance criteria for linearity, accuracy and precision were satisfactorily met for the two study methods, so they were valid in the 50-150 percent range (neutralization volumetry method: 25.6-76.8 mg/g and complexometry method 111.1-333,3 mg/g). CONCLUSIONS: the suggested volumetric methods were linear, specific, precise, and accurate for the quality control of Fungirex cream based on the undecylenic acid and zinc undecylenate content(AU)

Neuroprotective effect of undecylenic acid extracted from Ricinus communis L. through inhibition of µ-calpain.

The key neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease are abnormal deposition of Aß plaques and insoluble Aß peptides in extracellular brain and intracellular neurofibril tangles induced by abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation. µ-Calpain is one of the factors that bridge these Aß- and hyperphosphorylated tau-mediated pathological pathways. Undecylenic acid (UDA), a naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acid, was discovered as a µ-calpain inhibitor by screening a chemical library using a substrate specific µ-calpain assay method. UDA inhibited Aß oligomerization and Aß fibrillation and reversed Aß-induced neuronal cell death. In addition, UDA scavenged ROS and reversed the levels of proapoptotic proteins induced by ROS in SH-SY5Y cells. UDA inhibited µ-calpain activity with better potency than the known peptide-like µ-calpain inhibitor, MDL28170, in SH-SY5Y and HEK293T cells transfected with the catalytic subunit of µ-calpain. These results suggest that UDA is a novel non-peptide-like µ-calpain inhibitor with good cell permeability and potent neuroprotective effect.

Limpieza y descontaminación efectiva del lecho de la herida. Reducción en los tiempos de cicatrización / Effective cleansing and decontamination of the base of an injury; reduction in time for cicatrization

Se evalúa una solución y gel formulados con undecilamidopropilbetaína y polihexanida, indicados en la limpieza y descontaminación de heridas, sin efecto citotóxico, irritante o sensibilizante alguno, que favorecen y estimulan el proceso natural de cicatrización(AU)

The authors evaluate a solution and a gel composed of undecylenate prophyl betaine and polyhexanide recommended for cleansing and decontaminating injuries, without having any cytotoxic, irritating or sensibility effect which favors and stimulates the natural cicatrization process(AU)

Prontosan wound irrigation and gel: management of chronic wounds.

Chronic wounds present a challenge that is costly in terms of quality of life to the patient and in financial terms for the NHS. Several factors contribute to the development of a chronic wound, in particular the influence of bacteria as a biofilm within the wound environment. Irrigating a wound with normal saline has long been advocated as the most appropriate method of wound irrigation but biofilms are now known to be resistant to this method of cleansing. A small (10 patient) evaluation of the use of Prontosan in patients whose duration of chronic wounds exceeded 1 year has demonstrated that Prontosan wound irrigation and Prontosan gel are an appropriate alternative for cleaning, moistening and decontaminating encrusted, contaminated and chronic skin wounds, and can have a dramatic influence of the quality of life for such patients. This article discusses the cause of chronicity within a wound and discusses in depth three of the ten patients in the evaluation.

Effect of undecylenic acid as a topical microbicide against genital herpes infection in mice and guinea pigs.

There is increasing interest in the use of topical microbicides to help prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Undecylenic acid (UA), a monosaturated fatty acid, is the active ingredient in a number of over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal spray powders, that also exhibits in vitro antibacterial and antiviral activity, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity. We, therefore, evaluated UA as a topical microbicide against genital HSV infection using the murine and guinea pig models of genital herpes. Mice were administered a 20% solution of UA in polyethylene glycol (PEG) vehicle, vehicle alone or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) intravaginally immediately prior to vaginal challenge with HSV-2. Pre-treatment with UA decreased the number of mice that became infected (P < 0.001 vs. PBS or vehicle control), developed symptoms (P <0.001) or died (P <0.001). However, when treatment was extended to either 5 min prior to or after viral inoculation, protection was lost. Similar findings were found using the guinea pig model, where UA treatment completely prevented HSV-2 vaginal infection when given immediately prior to HSV-2 inoculation (P<0.001 vs. PBS or vehicle control). Thus, UA, an approved OTC medication, provided significant protection against HSV disease and infection only when applied immediately before viral inoculation, indicating that better formulations were needed to extend the duration of protection.

An outbreak of dermatophytosis in pigs caused by Microsporum canis.

An outbreak of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a porcine farm is described. The morbidity was 100% among sows, 95% among new-borns and 75% among feedlot animals. Microsporum canis was also isolated from walls and environmental air.

Synthesis and structure-affinity of a series of 7 alpha-undecylestradiol derivatives: a potential vector for therapy and imaging of estrogen-receptor-positive cancers.

A series of 7 alpha-undecylestradiol derivatives, featuring various substituents at the end of the undecyl spacer chain, were synthesized and evaluated for their interaction with the estrogen receptor and nonreceptor sites. Their relative binding affinities (RBA) for calf uterine estrogen receptors were measured by competitive binding assays and varied between 0.5 and 8.4% of that of unlabeled 17 beta-estradiol. Enhanced lipophilicity and steric hindrance of the substituent on the end of the spacer chain resulted in decreased binding affinity for the estrogen receptor, while interactions with nonreceptor sites increased. RBA values were not affected by prolonged incubation times, suggesting a stable ligand-receptor complex. The potential to use the 7 alpha-undecylestradiol as a vector for site-selective delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic moieties to estrogen-receptor-positive human cancers is discussed.

Dermatophytosis of tiger caused by Microsporum canis.

Microsporum canis was isolated from the inflammatory skin lesions of a Bengal tiger in April, 1979. In clinical findings rounded area of alopecia, 3 to 8 cm in size was observed on the right haunch and the tail. The skin lesions were covered with thin scales, but the inflammatory changes were not severe. Findings, on physical examination, were unremarkable and the animal appeared healthy except for the skin lesions. The infected hairs were invaded by the fungal elements and arthroconidia were around the hair shaft. Cuticles and cortex of the infected hairs were brittle. They were evidently digested and were easily pulled out from the hair follicles. In mycological findings numerous and typical macroconidia were observed. By cross mating of a isolate from tiger and Nannizzia otae(-) strains, cleistothecia were produced. Both organic iodide and undecylenic acid ointment were effective for therapy. In this paper the dermatophytosis of tiger caused by M. canis is described.

Comparison between undecylenic acid and tolnaftate in the treatment of tinea pedis.

A double-blind parallel study comparing tolnaftate cream with undecylenic acid ointment and a placebo ointment in the treatment of symptomatic tinea pedis was conducted on the warm, humid Texas Gulf Coast. In one hundred and three patients studied, both the clinical and mycological effects of the two antifungal agents were indistinguishable. Both were significantly more effective than the placebo.

Efficacy of undecylenic acid-zinc undecylenate powder in culture positive tinea pedis.

One hundred fifty-one patients with tinea pedis participated in a double-blind study to assess the efficacy and safety of a powder containing undecylenic acid 2% and zinc undecylenate 20% versus a placebo powder. Patients were assigned to apply twice-daily applications of either active powder or placebo for a period of 4 weeks. Trichophyton rubrum or Trichophyton mentagrophytes were isolated from pretreatment cultures of 85 patients. Of these, 88% treated with active powder had negative cultures after 4 weeks compared with 17% of those treated with placebo powder (p less than 0.001). Fungus was identified in potassium hydroxide (KOH) treated skin scrapings of all 151 patients before treatment. Of those treated with active powder, 80% were KOH negative after 4 weeks compared with 49% of those treated with placebow powder (p = 0.001). Erythema and scaling were significantly improved by therapy with active powder, as were subjective evaluations of itching and burning. There were no side-effects or adverse reactions to undecylenic acid and its zinc salt.

Comparison of over-the-counter agents for tinea pedis.

To evaluate the relative effectiveness of the treatment of tinea pedis, we performed a double-blind study comparing undecylenic acid ointment, tolnaftate cream, and a placebo. Ninety patients with clinically and mycologically proven tinea pedis took part in this clinical trial. Our results showed both agents to be superior to the placebo, but there was no significant difference in effectiveness between the two active agents. We observed no side effects with the preparations used.