O amor Sidonie: quando a amada precisa se manter inacessível / Sidonie love: when the beloved must remain unattainable

Este artigo foi escrito a partir da biografia Desejos secretos, a história de Sidonie C., a paciente homossexual de Freud (Rieder & Voigt, 2008) e do arranjo colocado em cena pelo Amor Cortês (Capelão, 2000) e pelo movimento As Preciosas. Nossa discussão está norteada por uma particular posição do sujeito em relação ao amor: quando o amor se sustenta somente mediante a segurança de um impedimento, de uma distância que prive e preserve, ao menos em parte, o sujeito do contato com seu amado. A necessidade de um amor inacessível, que visa precisamente à não realização, parece revelar que há algo insuportável em se deixar tomar em um enlace que consiga acolher alguma coisa de real, que implique transitar pelo desejo do Outro e que requeira alguma mudança de posição.

This article has been written from the biography Desejos secretos, a história de Sidonie C., a paciente homossexual de Freud (Rieder & Voigt, 2008) and from the arran gement brought to light by Courtly Love (Capelão, 2000) and by The Precious movement. Our discussion is guided by a particular subject's position in relation to love, when love is sustained only by the security of a constraint, a distance that deprives and preserves, at least in parts, the subject, from contacting the loved one. The need for an unattainable love, which specifically aims its non-achievement, seems to reveal that there is something unbearable in letting oneself engage into a bond which shelters something real, involves transiting through the desire of the Other and which requires some change of position.

O amor Sidonie: quando a amada precisa se manter inacessível / Sidonie love: when the beloved must remain unattainable

Este artigo foi escrito a partir da biografia Desejos secretos, a história de Sidonie C., a paciente homossexual de Freud (Rieder & Voigt, 2008) e do arranjo colocado em cena pelo Amor Cortês (Capelão, 2000) e pelo movimento As Preciosas. Nossa discussão está norteada por uma particular posição do sujeito em relação ao amor: quando o amor se sustenta somente mediante a segurança de um impedimento, de uma distância que prive e preserve, ao menos em parte, o sujeito do contato com seu amado. A necessidade de um amor inacessível, que visa precisamente à não realização, parece revelar que há algo insuportável em se deixar tomar em um enlace que consiga acolher alguma coisa de real, que implique transitar pelo desejo do Outro e que requeira alguma mudança de posição.(AU)

This article has been written from the biography Desejos secretos, a história de Sidonie C., a paciente homossexual de Freud (Rieder & Voigt, 2008) and from the arran gement brought to light by Courtly Love (Capelão, 2000) and by The Precious movement. Our discussion is guided by a particular subject's position in relation to love, when love is sustained only by the security of a constraint, a distance that deprives and preserves, at least in parts, the subject, from contacting the loved one. The need for an unattainable love, which specifically aims its non-achievement, seems to reveal that there is something unbearable in letting oneself engage into a bond which shelters something real, involves transiting through the desire of the Other and which requires some change of position.(AU)

[Family, friends, and other sources of information associated with the initiation of sexual relations by adolescents in El Salvador]. / Familia, amigos y otras fuentes de información asociadas al inicio de las relaciones sexuales en adolescentes de El Salvador.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to verify the influence of messages Salvadorian youth receive about sexuality, affection, and leisure from family, friends, and the media on the initiation of sexual activity. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on a representative sample of 2 615 students (from 13 to 19 years of age) in El Salvador. A random systematic sampling was used to select 30 schools. Sociodemographic aspects, lifestyles, and sources of information on sexuality and love used by the young people were collected. RESULTS: The average age of the young people studied was 15 (SD = 1.8). In all, 638 (24.4%) of the young people stated that they had had sexual relations. The following factors are associated with a greater probability of having had sexual relations: a perception that siblings (OR = 1.8, CI 95%: 1.2-2.7) or friends (OR = 1.7, CI 95%: 1.3-2.2) encourage them to have sex. Protective factors were found to be the supervision of parents (OR = 0.5, CI 95%: 0.4-0.7); messages received from friends that encourage abstinence (OR = 0.7, CI 95%: 0.6-1.0) or from siblings (OR = 0.7, CI 95%: 0.5-0.8); and favorable messages related to marriage received from parents (OR = 0.4, CI 95%: 0.3-0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Messages from family and friends are factors that seem to influence the initiation of sexual activity by young people. Sexual health promotion programs in El Salvador should take these factors into account.

Familia, amigos y otras fuentes de información asociadas al inicio de las relaciones sexuales en adolescentes de El Salvador / Family, friends, and other sources of information associated with the initiation of sexual relations by adolescents in El Salvador

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar cómo influyen en el inicio de la actividad sexual de los jóvenes salvadoreños los mensajes que reciben sobre cuestiones de sexualidad, afectividad y ocio a través de la familia, los amigos y los medios de comunicación. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal a partir de una muestra representativa de 2 615 estudiantes (de 13 a 19 años) de El Salvador. Se utilizó un muestreo sistemático aleatorio para seleccionar 30 colegios. Se recogieron aspectos sociodemográficos, estilos de vida y fuentes de información sobre sexualidad y amor utilizadas por los jóvenes. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los jóvenes fue de 15 años (DE = 1,8). En total 638 (24,4 por ciento) jóvenes afirmaron haber tenido relaciones sexuales. Los siguientes factores se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de haber tenido relaciones sexuales: percibir que los hermanos (OR = 1,8, IC 95 por ciento: 1,2-2,7) o los amigos (OR = 1,7, IC 95 por ciento: 1,3-2,2) apoyan que se tengan relaciones sexuales. Como factores protectores se encontraron la supervisión de los padres (OR = 0,5, IC 95 por ciento: 0,4-0,7); recibir mensajes que apoyan la abstinencia por parte de amigos (OR = 0,7, IC 95 por ciento: 0,6-1,0) o hermanos (OR = 0,7, IC 95 por ciento: 0,5-0,8) y recibir mensajes favorables al matrimonio por parte de los padres (OR = 0,4, IC 95 por ciento: 0,3-0,6). CONCLUSIONES: Los mensajes de la familia y amigos son factores que parecen influir en el inicio de las relaciones sexuales de los jóvenes. Los programas de promoción de la salud sexual en El Salvador deberían tener en cuenta estos factores.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to verify the influence of messages Salvadorian youth receive about sexuality, affection, and leisure from family, friends, and the media on the initiation of sexual activity. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on a representative sample of 2 615 students (from 13 to 19 years of age) in El Salvador. A random systematic sampling was used to select 30 schools. Sociodemographic aspects, lifestyles, and sources of information on sexuality and love used by the young people were collected. RESULTS: The average age of the young people studied was 15 (SD = 1.8). In all, 638 (24.4 percent) of the young people stated that they had had sexual relations. The following factors are associated with a greater probability of having had sexual relations: a perception that siblings (OR = 1.8, CI 95 percent: 1.2-2.7) or friends (OR = 1.7, CI 95 percent: 1.3-2.2) encourage them to have sex. Protective factors were found to be the supervision of parents (OR = 0.5, CI 95 percent: 0.4-0.7); messages received from friends that encourage abstinence (OR = 0.7, CI 95 percent: 0.6-1.0) or from siblings (OR = 0.7, CI 95 percent: 0.5-0.8); and favorable messages related to marriage received from parents (OR = 0.4, CI 95 percent: 0.3-0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Messages from family and friends are factors that seem to influence the initiation of sexual activity by young people. Sexual health promotion programs in El Salvador should take these factors into account.

ABC for people with HIV: responses to sexual behaviour recommendations among people receiving antiretroviral therapy in Jinja, Uganda.

People living with HIV who are taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) are increasingly involved in 'positive prevention' initiatives. These are generally oriented to promoting abstinence, 'being faithful' (partner reduction) and condom use (ABC). We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study with people living with HIV using ART, who were provided with adherence education and counselling support by a Ugandan non-governmental organisation, The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO). Forty people were selected sequentially as they started ART, stratified by sex, ART delivery mode (clinic- or home-based) and HIV progression stage (early or advanced) and interviewed at enrollment and at 3, 6, 18 and 30 months. At initiation of ART, participants agreed to follow TASO's positive-living recommendations. Initially poor health prevented sexual activity. As health improved, participants prioritised resuming economic production and support for their children. With further improvements, sexual desire resurfaced and people in relationships cemented these via sex. The findings highlight the limitations of HIV prevention based on medical care/personal counselling. As ART leads to health improvements, social norms, economic needs and sexual desires increasingly influence sexual behaviour. Positive prevention interventions need to seek to modify normative and economic influences on sexual behaviour, as well as to provide alternatives to condoms.

Sexualidade, cristianismo e poder / Sexuality, christianity and power

Desde os primeiros séculos da era cristã, a sexualidade foi amplamente discutida pelo cristianismo, aparecendo nas pregações, nos tratados teológicos, nas orientações doutrinárias e nos códigos morais. A instituição eclesiástica preocupou-se com a vida sexual da sociedade ocidental, dispondo-se a orientá-la segundo suas prescrições. A partir da revisão da literatura histórica, o presente trabalho demonstra o interesse do cristianismo pela sexualidade a ponto de tentar torná-la domínio exclusivo da Igreja. Ao longo da história, a Igreja cristã desenvolveu mecanismos de observação e instrumentos de controle para manter desejo e sexo sob sua tutela com o propósito de ampliar seus dispositivos de poder. (AU)

Since the early centuries of the Christian era, sexuality has been broadly discussed by Christianity. It has appeared in sermons, theological treatises, doctrinal orientations and moral codes. The ecclesiastical institution has been concerned about the sexual life of Western society, and has decided to guide it according to its prescriptions. Based on a review of the historical literature, the present work shows the interest of Christianity in sexuality as it has tried to make sexuality become the Church’s exclusive domain. Throughout history, the Christian Church developed observation mechanisms and control instruments to keep desire and sex under its protection, aiming to extend its power devices. (AU)

Being and feeling like a woman: respectability, responsibility, desirability and safe sex among women of Afro-Surinamese and Dutch Antillean descent in the Netherlands.

The objective of this study was to describe and understand gender roles and the relational context of sexual decision-making and safe sex negotiation among Afro-Surinamese and Dutch Antillean women in the Netherlands. Twenty-eight individual in-depth interviews and eight focus group discussions were conducted. In negotiating safe sex with a partner, women reported encountering ambiguity between being respectable and being responsible. Their independence, autonomy, authority and pride inherent to the matrifocal household give them ample opportunity to negotiate safe sex and power to stand firm in executing their decisions. The need to be respectable burdens negotiation practices, because as respectable, virtuous women there would not be the need to use condoms. Respectable women will only participate in serious monogamous relationships, which are inherently safe. Women's desire to feel like a woman, 'to tame the macho-man' and constrain him into a steady relationship, limits negotiation space because of emotional dependency. Respectability seems to enforce not questioning men's sexual infidelity. In developing STI/HIV prevention programmes this ambiguity due to cultural values related to gender roles should be considered. Raising awareness of power differences and conflicting roles and values may support women in safe-sex decision-making.

Caracterización de asistentes a consejería en sexualidad en un centro de salud integral de adolescentes / Profile of sexuality counseling assistants in an adolescent center

La consejería en sexualidad permite a los adolescentes comprender que ejercen control sobre su conducta, a anticipar consecuencias y desarrollar capacidad para planificar a largo plazo. Objetivo: Describir características de adolescentes consultantes a consejería en sexualidad en un Centro de Adolescencia. Pacientes y Método: Se estudiaron 198 adolescentes derivados entre agosto 2000 y octubre 2003 (14,2 por ciento del total en el centro). Se evaluaron variables independientes: edad, sexo, escolaridad, motivo de consulta, percepción familiar, embarazos adolescentes en la familia, antecedente de abuso sexual, y variables dependientes: intención de conducta sexual, grado de Petting, edad de inicio de actividad sexual, anticoncepción y número de parejas. Resultados: Edad promedio 15,6 ± 2,5 años, 47 por ciento sexualmente activos. Promedio de edad inicio 15,6 años. 30 por ciento presentaba otra conducta de riesgo (consumo sustancias, deserción escolar, abandono hogar), y 36 por ciento conducta sexual de riesgo (coito no protegido o Petting III), 16 por ciento coito único y 28 por ciento abstinencia actual. La edad promedio de inicio de coito vaginal fue significativamente menor en adolescentes que tenían parejas múltiples. Entre los sexualmente inactivos, un 66 por ciento refirieron ser postergadores y 31 por ciento anticipadores. Conclusión: Conocer las diversas características en sexualidad de los adolescentes permitirá aplicar modelos de intervención específicos para cada caso, contribuyendo al rol preventivo del pediatra general en sexualidad de adolescentes.