Occupational inequalities and gender differences: work accidents, Brazil, 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution and association of sociodemographic and occupational factors with self-reported work accidents (WA) in a representative sample of the Brazilian population, with emphasis on occupational class, and to examine gender differences in this distribution. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS), analyzed the responses of a sample of adults aged 18 or over. Factors associated with WA were investigated using binary logistic regression and hierarchical analysis using blocks (sociodemographic and occupational variables). The final model was adjusted by variables from all blocks, adopting a significance level of 5%. The values of odds ratios (OR) and respective confidence intervals were obtained. RESULTS: Among the participants, 2.69% reported having suffered a WA, with a higher prevalence in men (3.37%; 95%CI 2.97-3.82%) than in women (1.86%; 95%CI 1.55-2.23%). The analysis identified that age group, night work, working hours, and exposure to occupational risks were associated with WA, with emphasis on gender differences. The class of manual workers, both qualified (ORwomen = 2.87; 95%CI 1.33-6.21 and ORmen = 2.46; 95%CI 1.37-4.40) and unskilled (ORwomen = 2.55; 95%CI 1.44-4.50 and ORmen = 3.70; 95%CI 1.95-7.03), had a higher chance of WA than the class of managers/professionals. CONCLUSION: Occupational factors contributed significantly to the increase in the probability of WA for men and women, with greater magnitude among those positioned in the lower strata of the occupational structure. The results obtained are clues for working out WA prevention actions.

Forty years of struggle in North Carolina: Workplace segregation and fatal occupational injury rates.

OBJECTIVE: To assess workplace segregation in fatal occupational injury from 1992 to 2017 in North Carolina. METHODS: We calculated occupational fatal injury rates within categories of occupation, industry, race, age, and sex; and estimated expected numbers of fatalities among Black and Hispanic male workers had they experienced the rates of White male workers. We also estimated the contribution of workforce segregation to disparities by estimating the expected number of fatalities among Black and Hispanic male workers had they experienced the industry and occupation patterns of White male workers. We assessed person-years of life-lost, using North Carolina life expectancy estimates. RESULTS: Hispanic workers contributed 32% of their worker-years and experienced 58% of their fatalities in construction. Black workers were most overrepresented in the food manufacturing industry. Hispanic males experienced 2.11 (95% CI: 1.86-2.40) times the mortality rate of White males. The Black-White and Hispanic-White disparities were widest among workers aged 45 and older, and segregation into more dangerous industries and occupations played a substantial role in driving disparities. Hispanic workers who suffered occupational fatalities lost a median 47 life-years, compared to 37 among Black workers and 36 among White workers. CONCLUSIONS: If Hispanic and Black workers experienced the workplace safety of their White counterparts, fatal injury rates would be substantially reduced. Workforce segregation reflects structural racism, which also contributes to mortality disparities. Root causes must be addressed to eliminate disparities.

Mining Injuries 2012-2019: Using Workers' Compensation Claims Data From 35 States to Identify Rates and Costs Associated by Nature of Injury, Event/Exposure, and Body Part Affected.

OBJECTIVE: This study summarized the frequency and cost of mining-related injuries. METHODS: Mining-related workers' compensation (WC) claims data from 35 states were summarized to report counts, claim rates, and costs for 2012-2019. These data were compared with Mine Safety and Health Administration injury and employment data for the same period. RESULTS: Despite system differences, both WC and Mine Safety and Health Administration counts and rates declined over time and injury patterns were similar. Total WC costs were approximately $2.325B. Medical-only claims represented 59.4% of the claims by count, but only 3.3% of costs. Lost-time nonfatal claims represented 40.2% of the claims by count, but 90.2% of costs. Claims frequency and costs varied greatly by injury event/exposure, part of body, and nature. CONCLUSIONS: Injury frequency has declined but costs remain high. The most costly and disabling cases were identified.

Consecuencias psicológicas de las amputaciones por accidente laboral / Psychological consequences of amputations in work accidents

Fundamentos: Las amputaciones en accidente laboral son un fenómeno con gran incidencia y características peculiares. Los escasos estudios que abordan los efectos de la amputación se refieren a grandes extremidades y muestran que, más allá de las secuelas físicas, existen consecuencias importantes a nivel psicológico. El objetivo de este artículo fue mostrar el conocimiento actualizado sobre las principales consecuencias psicopatológicas de las amputaciones por accidente laboral y de las variables que pueden modularlas. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de carácter no sistemático, con búsquedas variadas ad hoc para las distintas variables estudiadas. Resultados: Los estudios se han centrado principalmente en la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, el trastorno de estrés postraumático y el dolor del miembro fantasma. También se han identificado variables moduladoras que mejoran el pronóstico: adaptación a la vida cotidiana, ejercicio físico, estrategias de afrontamiento, resiliencia y calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Las distintas áreas psicológicas afectadas revisadas deben considerarse al acompañar a las personas con amputación por accidente laboral. Asimismo, potenciar las variables moduladoras cuya presencia mejora el pronóstico es un campo interesante para la intervención profesional.(AU)

Background: Amputations in work accidents are a phenomenon with a high incidence and peculiar characteristics. The few studies about the effects of amputation are referred to large limbs, and show that, beyond the physical consequences, there are important psychological consequences. The goal of this paper was to show the updated knowledge on the main psychopathological consequences of amputations in work accidents, as well as the variables that can modulate them. Methods: A non-systematic bibliographic review was carried out, with varied ad hoc searches for the different variables studied. Results: Studies have focused mainly on anxiety and depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phantom limb pain. Modulating variables whose presence improves the prognosis of these persons have been identified, such as adaptation to daily life, physical exercise, coping strategies, resilience and quality of life. Conclusions: The different psychological areas reviewed should be considered when attending people who have suffered an amputation in a work accident. Likewise, enhancing the modulating variables whose presence improves the prognosis is an interes-ting field for professional intervention.(AU)

Identifying key accident causation factors in the Malaysian construction industry.

Objectives. Notwithstanding its economic importance, the construction industry is still facing challenges due to its high accident record. As a result, the goal of this study is to identify the key underlying causes of accidents in the Malaysian construction industry that construction stakeholders can focus on to reduce the menace of accidents in the industry. Methods. To achieve this goal, relevant literature was reviewed in order to identify the causes of accidents. The identified factors were used to develop the survey questionnaire for collecting primary data, and the collected data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results. The results of the EFA and CFA establish and confirm 11 clusters for the causes of accidents on construction sites: management problems; inadequate training; inadequate supervision; mental health problems; bad attitudes; inadequate funding; inadequate experience; material and equipment handling; poor safety practices; inadequate orientation; and work environment. Conclusion. The study concludes that addressing all 11 factors will drastically reduce the incessant accident occurrences in the construction industry. The result of this study will help construction stakeholders know where to direct their energy in an effort to reduce construction accidents.

Comportamiento de la accidentabilidad laboral atendida en un Hospital de Lima Metropolitana durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Work-related accident rates at a metropolitan Lima hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic: a behavioral analysis

Introducción: El comportamiento de la accidentabilidad durante la pandemia (2020-2021) fue distinto para cada país; además, se observó cambios en las características de los accidentes de trabajo.Objetivos:Describir el comportamiento y los fatores asociados a la accidentabilidad laboral atendida en el Servicio de Emergencia de un hospital del Seguro Social de Perú de Lima Metropolitana, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, que revisó la data de los reportes de accidentes que llegaron a un hospital del seguro social peruano, se tomó como variable principal al período de ocurrencia, según eso se obtuvo estadísticos descriptivos y analíticos. Resultados: De los 5753 accidentes analizados, los años con más accidentes fueron el 2018 (45,7%) y el 2019 (23,1%), durante la pandemia (2020 - 2021) hubo 26,0% de la totalidad de accidentes. En el modelo multivariado se encontró que en la pandemia hubo más accidentes por aplastamiento (RPa: 2,1; IC95%: 1,5-2,9; valor p<0,001) y de agresiones por arma (RPa: 1,2; IC95%: 1,1-1,4; valor p=0,005). Los accidentes más prevalentes fueron por trauma interno (RPa: 1,6; IC95%: 1,1-2,3; valor p=0,025), por torcedura (RPa: 1,2; IC95%: 1,0-1,4; valor p=0,025) y por fracturas (RPa: 1,5; IC95%: 1,1-1,9; valor p=0,002). Las zonas más afectadas fueron la región lumbosacra (RPa: 1,4; IC95%: 1,1-1,8; valor p=0,009) y los dedos (RPa: 1,1; IC95%: 1,0-1,3; valor p=0,046). Conclusión: Durante la pandemia, hubo más accidentes por aplastamiento, por agresiones, por trauma interno, por torcedura, por fracturas, en la región lumbosacra y en los dedos. (AU)

Introduction: The behavior of the accident rate during the pandemic (2020-2021) was different for each country; In addition, changes in the characteristics of work accidents were observed.Objective:To describe the behavior of occupational accidents attended in the Emergency Service of a Peruvian Social Security hospital in Metropolitan Lima, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methodo: Cross-sectional study, which reviewed the data from accident reports that arrived at a Peruvian social security hospital, taking the period of occurrence as the main variable, according to which descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Results: Of the 5,753 works accidents analyzed, the years with the most accidents were 2018 (45.7%) and 2019 (23.1%), during the pandemic (2020-2021) there were 26.0% of all accidents. In the multivariate model, it was found that during the pandemic there were more accidents due to crushing (aPR: 2,1; 95% CI: 1,5-2,9; value p<0,001) and attacks by weapons (aPR: 2,1; IC95%: 1,5-2,9; value p<0,001). The most prevalent accidents due to internal trauma (aPR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.3; p value=0.025), sprain (aPR: 1.2; 95%CI: 1.0-1.4; p value=0.025) and fractures (aPR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9; p value=0.002). The most affected areas were the lumbosacral region (aPR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8; p value=0.009) and in fingers (aPR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0-1.3; p value=0.046). Conclusion: During the pandemic, there were more accidents due to crushing, assaults, internal trauma, sprains, fractures, in the lumbosacral region and in the fingers. (AU)

Vigilância epidemiológica hospitalar de Goiás: 1ª coletânea de boletins dos núcleos hospitalares de epidemiologia / Hospital epidemiological surveillance in Goiás: 1st collection of bulletins from hospital epidemiology centers

Coletânea de 13 boletins publicados no site da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Goiás, que se destacaram por descrever o perfil de morbimortalidade da unidade e apresentar temas relevantes para a população do Estado de Goiás. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado com dados do período de janeiro a março de 2023, com informações provenientes das declarações de óbitos e prontuário eletrônico do paciente

Collection of 13 bulletins published on the Goiás State Department of Health website, which stood out for describing the unit's morbidity and mortality profile and presenting relevant themes for the population of the State of Goiás. This is a descriptive study, carried out with data from January to March 2023, with information from death certificates and the patient's electronic medical record

Riscos, acidentes e doenças profissionais no bloco operatório central do hospital central de Maputo, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2021 / Risks, accidents and occupational diseases in the central operating theatre of the central hospital of Maputo, from october to december 2021

Introdução: Os riscos, acidentes e doenças profissionais a que os trabalhadores de saúde estão expostos no ambiente hospitalar, constitui um problema de saúde pública reconhecido mundialmente, em particular em Moçambique. Objectivo: analisar os riscos, acidentes e doenças profissionais dos trabalhadores da saúde afectos no Bloco Operatório Central do Hospital Central de Maputo. Métodos: É um estudo descritivo e transversal observacional no Bloco Operatório Central do HCM. A recolha de dados foi feita através de um questionário aos trabalhadores de saúde, no período de Outubro a Dezembro de 2021. Os dados foram analisados usando o programa SPSS versão 21 e aplicados testes de qui-quadrado. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 196 trabalhadores da saúde, dos quais 101 do sexo feminino e 95 do sexo masculino. 50% dos inqueridos sofreram riscos (biológicos, químicos, físicos e ergonómicos), dos quais 51% do sexo feminino e 49% do sexo masculino. Os médicos residentes foram os que mais se destacaram no grupo dos trabalhadores que sofreram acidentes, com 30,6% de casos, seguido por enfermeiros com 20,4%, médicos anestesistas 16,3%, agentes de serviço 11,2% e administrativos com 10,2%. Dos acidentes, os ricos biológicos foram os mais frequentes; sendo com fluidos Biológicos foi registo 46,9% e picada com agulha e outros instrumentos contundentes 53,1%, os acidentes com material biológico foram os mais frequentes entre os trabalhadores com idade inferior a 30 anos e em indivíduos do sexo feminino. Conclusão: As condições de trabalho do BOC do HCM são inseguras onde se destacam: a degradação da estrutura física das salas de operações, a fraca qualidade de alguns equipamentos de protecção individual, a insuficiência de iluminação e a falta de climatização do local. Durante o estudo não foi possível identificar doenças profissionais, pois, após a exposição por riscos ou acidente de trabalho, os trabalhadores fazem a profilaxia, e ao terminarem os mesmos não voltam para o seguimento clinico.

Introduction: Health workers in their workplace are exposed to risks of accidents or get diseases, because the hospital environment is a healthy place, insofar as it provides an exposure of workers to physical, chemical, chemical risks, mechanical and, mainly, biological. This study addresses the risks and occupational diseases in the Central Operating Room Service of the Maputo Central Hospital, located in Maputo City, in Mozambique. Objective: The present research aims to analyze the occupational risks and illnesses of health workers assigned to the Central Operating Room of the MCH. Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, based on data collected at the Central Operating Room Service of the MCH. October data collection was done through an October 2 data collection period. For data collection use data from the Reported Case Report Form. The SPSS version 21 program and chi-square tests were used to analyze the results. Results: 196 health workers were interviewed, of which 101 were female and 95 were male. 50% of respondents suffered from Risks (Biological, Chemical, Physical and Ergonomic), of which 51% were female and 49% male. Resident physicians stood out the most in the group of workers who suffered accidents, with 30.6% of cases, followed by nurses with 20.4%, anesthesiologists with 16.3%, service agents with 11.2% and administrative with 10.2%. In the Central Operating Room Service, biological riches were the most frequent, with Biological fluids recording 46.9% and pricking with needles and other blunt instruments 53.1%. Conclusion: The working conditions of the BOC of the MCH are unsafe, where the following stand out: the degradation of the physical structure of the operating rooms, the poor quality of some personal protective equipment, insufficient lighting and lack of air conditioning in the place. Accidents with biological material were the most frequent among workers under the age of 30 years and among female individuals. The most affected categories were Resident Physicians, Nurses, Service Agents, Anesthesiologists and Administrative Physicians. Additionally, the group of employees with previous PCI training was the one most involved in accidents.

Estudio de las heridas por amoladora tratadas en el Hospital de Clínicas y Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay / Grinder injuries treated at the Clínicas and Pasteur Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay / Estudo das lesões por esmerilhadeira tratadas no Hospital de Clínicas e Hospital Pasteur, Montevidéu, Uruguai

Resumen: Introducción: las heridas causadas por amoladora representan una consulta frecuente al cirujano plástico en nuestro país. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron conocer la epidemiología de los pacientes que consultaban con estas lesiones, conocer las circunstancias del accidente y estudiar si existía relación entre las condiciones de uso de la herramienta y la gravedad de las lesiones. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, donde se recabaron los datos de los pacientes que consultaban por heridas por amoladora en las puertas de emergencia de Hospital Pasteur y Hospital de Clínicas en un período de 6 meses. Resultados: un total de 76 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, la mayoría de sexo masculino, en edad laboral activa (39 a 58 años) dedicados a la realización de trabajos temporales o tareas de construcción, con bajo nivel de instrucción. El 84% de las heridas fueron graves. El 61% de los pacientes no utilizó los elementos de seguridad de la herramienta al momento del accidente. La mayoría de las lesiones se produjeron fuera del ambiente laboral. Conclusiones: en base a nuestro trabajo pudimos establecer el perfil epidemiológico de la población más susceptible de sufrir estas lesiones. Comprobamos que las heridas producidas por amoladora son en su mayoría graves y requieren procedimientos complejos para su resolución.

Summary: Introduction: grinder injuries represent a large number of consultations for plastic surgeons in our country. This study aims to learn about the epidemiological characteristics of patients who consulted for these lesions and the circumstances of the accidents, and to analyze whether there is a relationship between the conditions for tool use and the severity of lesions. Methodology: we conducted a retrospective, descriptive, transversal study where we collected data from the patients who consulted for grinder injuries at the emergency departments of Pasteur and Clínicas Hospital during a 6-month period. Results: seventy-six patients were included in the study, most of which were male working adults (between 39 and 58 years-old) who had temporary jobs or were performing construction works and had low levels of education. 84% of lesions were severe. 61% of patients did not respect safety regulations at the time of the accident. Most lesions occurred out of working hours. Conclusions: based on our study, we could identify the epidemiological profile of the most vulnerable population for this kind of lesions. We proved that most grinder lesions are severe and their management requires complex procedures.

Resumo: Introdução: as lesões causadas por esmerilhadeira são causa frequente de consulta ao cirurgião plástico no Uruguai. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram conhecer as características dos pacientes que consultaram com essas lesões, conhecer as circunstâncias do acidente e analisar a possível relação entre as condições de uso da ferramenta e a gravidade das lesões. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, onde foram coletados dados de pacientes que consultaram por lesões de esmerilhadeira no pronto-socorro do Hospital Pasteur e Hospital de Clínicas durante um período de 6 meses. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 76 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino, em idade ativa para trabalhar (39 a 58 anos) dedicados à realização de trabalhos temporários ou trabalhos na construção civil, com baixo nível de escolaridade. 84% dos ferimentos foram graves. 61% dos pacientes não utilizaram os elementos de segurança da ferramenta no momento do acidente. A maioria das lesões ocorreu fora do ambiente de trabalho. Conclusões: com base em nosso trabalho conseguimos estabelecer o perfil da população mais suscetível a esses agravos. Constatamos que a maioria das lesões causadas por esmerilhadeiras são graves, exigindo procedimentos complexos para sua resolução.

Dynamics of severe accidents in the oil & gas energy sector derived from the authoritative ENergy-related severe accident database.

Organized into a global network of critical infrastructures, the oil & gas industry remains to this day the main energy contributor to the world's economy. Severe accidents occasionally occur resulting in fatalities and disruption. We build an oil & gas accident graph based on more than a thousand severe accidents for the period 1970-2016 recorded for refineries, tankers, and gas networks in the authoritative ENergy-related Severe Accident Database (ENSAD). We explore the distribution of potential chains-of-events leading to severe accidents by combining graph theory, Markov analysis and catastrophe dynamics. Using centrality measures, we first verify that human error is consistently the main source of accidents and that explosion, fire, toxic release, and element rupture are the principal sinks, but also the main catalysts for accident amplification. Second, we quantify the space of possible chains-of-events using the concept of fundamental matrix and rank them by defining a likelihood-based importance measure γ. We find that chains of up to five events can play a significant role in severe accidents, consisting of feedback loops of the aforementioned events but also of secondary events not directly identifiable from graph topology and yet participating in the most likely chains-of-events.

Analysis of ergonomic occupational accidents and near misses in a large Belgian university hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Health-care organizations are facing a high burden of ergonomic occupational accidents, and prevention is a continuous point of interest. In this manuscript, we describe the characteristics of ergonomic accidents in a large Belgian university hospital and discuss the value of near misses. METHODS: Combining databases, we identified the frequency [number of accidents × 106 hours worked per year], severity (number of days off work × 103 hours worked per year), and profile of the victims of occupational ergonomic accidents (with absence from work) or incidents or near-misses (without absence from work). Ergonomic accidents and incidents include slips, trips, falls, injurious body movements, overexertion, and handling heavy weights. RESULTS: In a period of 23 years, we noticed a significant decrease in the frequency of ergonomic accidents (from about 7 to about 4 standard units), without changes in the severity. The decrease in the frequency of accidents is mirrored by an increase in the frequency of incidents (from about 4 to about 6 standard units). Female and older employees are more vulnerable to accidents, and the frequency was between two and four times higher for employees mostly involved in manual tasks compared to employees mostly involved in managerial tasks. The profile of the victims and the causes of accidents and incidents were identical. CONCLUSION: Although it is premature to assume a cause-consequence relationship between incidents and accidents, it is tempting to speculate that the increased ratio of the frequencies of incidents over accidents might be one of the variables reflecting the adequacy of preventive measures and the growth of safety behavior.

Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador e articulações intersetoriais no enfrentamento do trabalho infantil em Diadema, SP, Brasil / Surveillance in Occupational Health and intersectorial articulations in the fight against child labour in Diadema, SP, Brazil

Este artigo visa apresentar uma intervenção desenvolvida no âmbito de atuação do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador de Diadema, SP. Os objetivos foram analisar os acidentes de trabalho com adolescentes notificados pela rede municipal de saúde de 2009 a 2019 e relatar as estratégias intersetoriais e as ações de vigilância e prevenção implementadas. Foram analisados os dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, relatórios técnicos das vigilâncias e registros de reuniões e eventos da equipe. Dos 5.179 acidentes de trabalho graves notificados, 7,5% atingiram jovens entre 14 e 17 anos, sendo 72% do sexo masculino e 28% do feminino. A compreensão do fenômeno de modo ampliado foi favorecida pela discussão intersetorial e pelo matriciamento na saúde. Foram constatadas as dificuldades dos profissionais de saúde em identificar o acidente de trabalho e a negação dos pais sobre as condições adversas de trabalho. Espera-se superar a invisibilidade e subnotificação das situações de trabalho infantil e contribuir para aplicação dos princípios da precaução e da prevenção para construir paradigmas protetivos sobre as crianças e suas famílias no enfrentamento do trabalho infantil

This study aims to show an intervention developed within the scope of the Worker's Health Reference Centre in Diadema. We analysed municipal health network reports of occupational accidents with adolescents from 2009 to 2019 to assess intersectoral strategies and the implemented surveillance and prevention actions. Notifiable Diseases Information System, technical reports from surveillance, and records of our team's meetings and events of were analyzed. Of the 5,179 reported serious work accidents, 7.5% affected young people aged between 14 and 17 years, 72% of which were boys and 28%, girls. Intersectoral discussion and a matrix health support favoured a broader understanding of the phenomenon. We found difficulties of healthcare providers in identifying work accidents and parents' denial about adverse working conditions. We expect to overcome the invisibility and underreporting of child labour and contribute to the application of principles of precaution and prevention to build protective paradigms for children and their working families to combat child labour

Lesiones traumáticas en la mano por el uso de amoladora. Un problema en nuestro medio / Traumatic injuries to the hand from the use of an angle grinder. A problem in our field

Introducción: Las lesiones en las manos causadas por amoladora son comunes y generalmente ocurren en adultos jóvenes. En países en desarrollo, el ámbito doméstico y el trabajo informal son los escenarios más frecuentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir factores asociados a las lesiones por amoladora, y cuantificar y clasificar las heridas, según la gravedad y la región anatómica de la mano involucrada. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, retrospectivo. Entre 2016 y 2020, estudiamos a los pacientes con heridas de mano causadas por amoladora. Se analizaron el nivel educativo, la experiencia con la herramienta, el material cortado, el uso de equipo de protección personal, la edad y el sexo. Para determinar el patrón de las lesiones se realizó un análisis clínico-anatómico y radiológico detallado e individualizado. La gravedad fue evaluada con el Hand Injury Severity Score. Resultados: Se evaluó a928 pacientes (920 hombres y 8 mujeres, edad promedio 42 años). Solo el 22,4% usaba equipo de protección personal en el momento del accidente. El 84,5% (776 casos) realizaba tareas inusuales para la que esta herramienta no fue diseñada. La mano más afectada fue la izquierda (62,06%). En 784 pacientes, las heridas involucraban los dedos, el patrón de asociación predominante fue entre el 2do y 3er dedo (54,44%). Las lesiones fueron leves (24,1%), moderadas (41,3%), graves (26%) y mayores (8,6%). Conclusiones: Las lesiones por amoladora pueden resultar devastadoras. Una actualización epidemiológica reforzaría la necesidad de desarrollar métodos preventivos con el fin de disminuir su alta incidencia. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Hand injuries caused by angle grinders are frequent and generally take place among young adults. In developing countries, the domestic and informal work environments are the most frequent places where this could happen. The present study is aimed at describing associated factors to these types of injuries. Lesions were quantified and classified according to the sever-ity and anatomic region of the hand involved. Methods: An epidemiologic, retrospective study was performed between 2016 and 2020. The patients' level of education, previous experience using the machine, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), sex, and age were analyzed. To determine the pattern of the injuries, a clinical-anatomical and a detailed and individualized radiological analysis were performed on each patient. The severity was measured using the "Hand Injury Severity Score" (HISS). Results: 928 patients were studied (920 men, 8 women, average age of 42 years [range 18-67]). Only 22.4% were wearing PPE at the time of the accident. 776 participants were performing tasks for which the tool was not intended (84.5%). The left hand was the most af-fected (60%). In 784 patients, the injuries involved their fingers (84.48%); the predominant pattern was the index and middle finger (55%). According to the HISS, 24.1% were minor injuries, 41.3% were moderate, 26% were serious, and 8.6% were severe. Con-clusions: Injuries caused by an angle grinder can be devastating. We believe that an epidemiological update is likely to increase the need to develop preventive methods to decrease its high incidence. Level of Evidence: IV

Enfermedades, lesiones y accidentes en trabajadores de la construcción en Uruguay, período 2014-2018 / Illnesses, injuries and accidents among construction workers in Uruguay, 2014-2018

El presente trabajo se realizó en el marco de las actividades de investigación y extensión del Departamento de Salud Ocupacional de la Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República, por iniciativa de los trabajadores del sindicato único de la construcción y afines. El objetivo fue conocer el perfil de salud y enfermedad de los trabajadores del sector con el propósito de generar acciones que promuevan la salud laboral del colectivo involucrado. La investigación realizada es de carácter descriptivo a partir de fuentes secundarias. De los resultados se destacaron las enfermedades del aparato osteomioarticular, lesiones por traumatismos o envenenamiento y patologías del aparato respiratorio como principales causas de ausentismo de origen médico. La patología osteomioarticular fue la primera causa de incapacidad total y también es la primera causa de incapacidad para la tarea en el periodo estudiado. La tasa de incidencia acumulada de los accidentes en el año 2014 fue de 81,8 por 1.000 trabajadores cotizantes de la construcción, presentando una caída sostenida hasta el 2018 que alcanzó el valor de 60,2 por 1.000 trabajadores cotizantes. El tipo de accidente más frecuente observado en el periodo fueron las lesiones a esfuerzo excesivo. Con respecto a los accidentes mortales existe una caída marcada entre los años 2014 al 2016 con un ascenso progresivo en 2018. De la investigación surge como necesidad mejorar el reconocimiento de la patología profesional en el sector, profundizar las acciones en seguridad y salud con énfasis en aspectos ergonómicos de la carga física(AU)

This study was carried out under the framework of the research and outreach activities of the Department of Occupational Health of the School of Medicine of the University of the Republic, as an initiative of the workers of its single union of construction and related industries. The objective was to describe the health and disease profile of workers in the sector in order to generate actions to promote their occupational health. The study was descriptive and consisted of a secondary analysis of existing data. Musculoskeletal disorders, traumatic injuries, poisonings and respiratory illnesses were the main cause of sickness absence. Musculoskeletal disorders were the main cause of both work-related and total disability. The cumulative incidence rate of injuries in 2014 was 81.8 per 1000 dues-paying construction workers, and subsequently declined until 2018, to an incidence of 62.2 per 1000 dues-paying workers. Overexertion was the most common mechanism of injury. With respect to fatal accidents, there was a arked decline between 2014 and 2016, followed by a progressive increasein 2018. This study underscores the need to improve the recognition of occupational illness and injury in the construction and related industries sector, and to add depth to safety and health interventions, with an emphasis on ergonomic aspects of physical loads(AU)

Occupational injuries among health care workers at a public hospital in Ghana.

INTRODUCTION: information on occupational injuries to health care workers (HCWs) in Africa is limited. We sought to determine the prevalence of occupational injuries among HCWs at a Ghanaian hospital, determine the most common types of injuries, and assess HCWs' knowledge regarding occupational safety. METHODS: we interviewed 246 HCWs at a government hospital regarding occupational injuries during the prior year. The sample included: nurses (77.6%), physicians (9.3%), laboratory staff (5.7%), and non-clinical staff (6.9%). RESULTS: the 12-month prevalence of occupational injury was 29.7%. Incidence was 1.63 injuries per person-year. Leading mechanisms were needlesticks (35.4% of injuries), cuts from sharp objects (34.6%), hit by object (25.2%), and violence (24.4%). Most (62.2%) respondents had training in occupational safety. Most reported adherence to safety practices, including properly disposing sharps (86.6%) and using personal protective equipment (85.8%). However, there were gaps in knowledge. Few HCWs knew the officer in-charge for post-exposure prophylaxis (5.3%) or that there was a hospital occupational safety unit (26.4%). Many (20.8%) reported difficulty in seeking care for their injury. On multivariable analysis, correlates of injury included stress at work (aOR 2.68; 95% CI 1.26, 5.71) and being a laboratory worker (aOR 3.26; 95% CI 1.02, 10.50). CONCLUSION: occupational injuries to HCWs were unacceptably frequent. There is, however, a solid foundation to build on. Most HCWs had training in occupational safety and many reported adherence to safety practices. Health care workers need to be better informed of existing resources. Care for injuries needs to be improved, such as by increasing capacity for post-exposure prophylaxis.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal injury and pain of UK-based podiatrists and the impact of enforced altered working practices.

BACKGROUND: Occupational musculoskeletal injuries are prevalent in healthcare workers and are reported to be profession-specific. There is, however, a paucity of information around the injuries sustained from working as a podiatrist. This paper looks at the incidence of injury from working as a podiatrist, the aggravating factors to sustain these injuries and whether the changes in workload due to the COVID-19 pandemic altered the incidence. METHODS: A modified work based musculoskeletal injury questionnaire was distributed in the UK via podiatry led social media platforms. Open and Closed questions explored the demographics of the sample, perceived injury 12 months prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and then 6 months into the lockdown. Pre and post COVID-19 data were analysed for differences and thematic analysis was included to categorise reported experiences. RESULTS: 148 podiatrists representing 3 % of HCPC registered practitioners responded to the questionnaire. Employment status altered as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic with a 13 % reduction in those working full time. Environments also changed with domiciliary and telehealth significantly increasing (p > 0.00) and non-clinical roles being extended (p > 0.002). Pain frequency and intensity significantly (p > 0.04) increased as a result of the pandemic with shoulder pain being most frequent before lockdown altering to the neck during the lockdown. Two main themes were identified that were attributed to the causes of pain including physical demands and working in awkward spaces. CONCLUSIONS: Work-related musculoskeletal pain in podiatrists is common with the shoulder and neck being the most frequently affected. Changes in work practices due to the restrictions enforced from the COVID-19 pandemic increased the frequency and intensity of pain mostly associated with increased domiciliary and telehealth working environments.

Viral hepatitis caused by occupational accidents: distribution of cases in Brazil, 2007-2014 / Hepatites virais por acidentes de trabalho: distribuição dos casos no Brasil, 2007-2014 / Hepatitis viral por accidentes de trabajo: distribución de casos en Brasil, 2007-2014

Background and Objectives: to analyze the distribution of cases of viral hepatitis due to occupational accidents in Brazil from 2007 to 2014. Methods: this is an ecological study of a descriptive nature of notifications of viral hepatitis registered in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Results: they point out that the mean incidence of viral hepatitis due to occupational accidents in Brazil was 2 cases/1,000,000 of the economically active and employed population. There was an increasing trend in the Midwest region (p=0.02), among women (p=0.01) and those aged 38 to 49 years and 50 and older (p=0.01). The decreasing time trend was observed among those up to 37 years old and for non-black race/skin color (p=0.04). Conclusion: the temporal distribution was stationary in most regions and states in Brazil, increasing among female workers over 38 years old and decreasing among non-black women and under 37 years old.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: analisar a distribuição dos casos de hepatites virais por acidentes de trabalho no Brasil de 2007 a 2014. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo ecológico de natureza descritiva das notificações de hepatites virais registradas no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: apontam que a incidência média de hepatites virais por acidentes de trabalho no Brasil foi de 2 casos/1.000.000 da população economicamente ativa e ocupada. Houve tendência de aumento na região Centro-Oeste (p=0,02), entre as mulheres (p=0,01) e entre 38 a 49 anos e 50 anos ou mais (p=0,01). A tendência temporal decrescente foi observada entre aqueles com até 37 anos e para raça/cor da pele não preta (p=0,04). Conclusão: a distribuição temporal foi estacionária na maioria das regiões e estados do Brasil, aumentando entre as trabalhadoras acima de 38 anos e diminuindo entre as mulheres não negras e com menos de 37 anos.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: analizar la distribución de los casos de hepatitis viral por accidentes de trabajo en Brasil de 2007 a 2014. Métodos: se trata de un estudio ecológico de carácter descriptivo de las notificaciones de hepatitis viral registradas en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria. Resultados: señalan que la incidencia media de hepatitis viral por accidente de trabajo en Brasil fue de 2 casos/1.000.000 de población económicamente activa y ocupada. Hubo una tendencia creciente en la región del Medio Oeste (p=0,02), entre las mujeres (p=0,01) y las de 38 a 49 años y 50 y más (p=0,01). La tendencia temporal decreciente se observó entre los de hasta 37 años y para raza/color de piel no negra (p=0,04). Conclusión: la distribución temporal fue estacionaria en la mayoría de las regiones y estados de Brasil, aumentando entre las trabajadoras mayores de 38 años y disminuyendo entre las mujeres no negras y menores de 37 años.(AU)

Coercive pressure as a moderator of organizational structure and risk management: Empirical evidence from Malaysian construction industry.

INTRODUCTION: The construction industry in Malaysia has been bedevilled by myriads of risk issues that have hampered its smooth operations in recent times. This paper is an empirical assessment that aims to examine the effect of coercive pressure on the relationship between organizational structure and construction risk management among construction industry in Malaysia. METHOD: Based on the proposed model, a quantitative method was employed to obtain data from G7 construction industry operating within the peninsular Malaysia. Out of the 180 copies of questionnaire, 165 copies were properly filled, returned, and used for the analysis. PLS-SEM was used to analyze the obtained data. RESULTS: The findings of the study affirmed that specialization, centralization, and management of risk by the construction industry had positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS: As anticipated, coercive pressure had positive moderating correlation with both formalization and the management of risk by the construction industry. Similarly, it was also found that in the course of carrying out construction activities, coercive pressure made significant interactive influence on formalization, specialization, and centralization. Practical Applications: Coercive pressure reduced the frequency of accidents among workers in the process of carrying out construction works.

Assessment of ergonomic exposure, work-related occupational injuries, and prevention: Child work in the brickfield industry in India.

Child labor is an infraction of fundamental human rights, and it prevents the children's physical, psychosocial, and psychological development. In India, children have been working in different unorganized sectors as paid laborers. Children were found performing a fair amount of manual, rigorous tasks in the brickfield industry due to socioeconomic disadvantages. Child brickfield workers suffered from musculoskeletal pain and injuries due to working with a heavy physical workload, which hampers the overall quality of life. A study had been conducted among these child brickfield laborers from India during 2011-2017. The study found laceration (38.7% male and 36.9% female) as the primary injury followed by sprain and strain, scratches, avulsion, and fractures among child brickfield workers. The study shows that child workers are highly prone to injuries, mainly toe (23.9% male and 28.1% female), hands (22.0% male and 23.4% female), wrists, feet, ankles, and fingers. The injury rate among male and female child brickfield laborers was 7.64 and 9.52 per 1000 workers. The primary source of injuries in brickfields was due to falling from height. Several risk factors, including biomechanical, work stress, may play a key role in work-related injuries among child brickfield laborers.