[Physical culture, bodies and sexualities in the journal Cultura Sexual y Física, 1937-1941]. / Cultura física, cuerpos y sexualidades en la revista Cultura Sexual y Física, 1937-1941.

This study analyzes the different meanings produced, transmitted and circulated by the journal Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) about sexualities, bodies, desires and forms of otherness from the standpoint of and based on physical culture. In the journal, which was published in Buenos Aires but had an international readership, we examine these issues from a gender perspective via critical discursive analysis in order to demonstrate the nuances, continuities and departure points with regard to the dominant discourse. Hence, we show the polemics triggered by this publication and the attacks on it by conservative sectors, which led to it being banned.

En este trabajo se analizan los distintos sentidos que produjo, transmitió y puso en circulación la revista Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) respecto de las sexualidades, los cuerpos, los deseos y las otredades desde y a partir del campo de la cultura física. Editada en Buenos Aires, pero con una circulación a escala internacional, examinaremos aquellos tópicos desde una perspectiva de género y a través del análisis crítico del discurso para dar cuenta de los matices, continuidades e inflexiones discursivas respecto del discurso dominante. En este sentido, señalaremos las polémicas que suscitó la publicación y los ataques recibidos por parte de sectores conservadores que llevaron a la prohibición de la revista.

Cultura física, cuerpos y sexualidades en la revista cultura sexual y física, 1937-1941 / Physical culture, bodies and sexualities in the journal cultura sexual y física, 1937-1941

Resumen En este trabajo se analizan los distintos sentidos que produjo, transmitió y puso en circulación la revista Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) respecto de las sexualidades, los cuerpos, los deseos y las otredades desde y a partir del campo de la cultura física. Editada en Buenos Aires, pero con una circulación a escala internacional, examinaremos aquellos tópicos desde una perspectiva de género y a través del análisis crítico del discurso para dar cuenta de los matices, continuidades e inflexiones discursivas respecto del discurso dominante. En este sentido, señalaremos las polémicas que suscitó la publicación y los ataques recibidos por parte de sectores conservadores que llevaron a la prohibición de la revista.

Abstract This study analyzes the different meanings produced, transmitted and circulated by the journal Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) about sexualities, bodies, desires and forms of otherness from the standpoint of and based on physical culture. In the journal, which was published in Buenos Aires but had an international readership, we examine these issues from a gender perspective via critical discursive analysis in order to demonstrate the nuances, continuities and departure points with regard to the dominant discourse. Hence, we show the polemics triggered by this publication and the attacks on it by conservative sectors, which led to it being banned.

The Evolution of Champion Cross-Country-Skier Training: From Lumberjacks to Professional Athletes.

Competitive cross-country (XC) skiing has traditions extending back to the mid-19th century and was included as a men's event in the first Winter Games in 1924. Since then, tremendous improvements in equipment, track preparation, and knowledge about training have prompted greater increases in XC-skiing speeds than in any other Olympic sport. In response, this commentary focuses on how the training of successful XC skiers has evolved, with interviews and training data from surviving Norwegian world and Olympic XC champions as primary sources. Before 1970, most male champion XC skiers were lumberjacks who ran or skied long distances to and from felling areas while working long days in the woods. In addition, they trained as much as possible, with increased intensity during the autumn, while less work but more ski-specific training and competitions were done during the winter. Until the 1970s, few XC skiers were women, whom coaches believed tolerated less training than men did. Today's XC skiers are less physically active, but the influence of both science and the systematic approaches of former athletes and coaches have gradually taught XC skiers to adopt smarter, more goal-oriented training practices. Although the very high VO2max of world-class XC skiers has remained the same since the 1960s, new events in modern XC skiing have additionally required superior upper-body power, high-speed techniques, and tactical flexibility. These elements also emerge in the training of today's best skiers; women's physiological capacities and training routines especially seem to have improved dramatically.

History of United States Army physical fitness and physical readiness training.

This article traces the history of US Army physical fitness assessments from the first test developed for Cadets at the US Military Academy in 1858 through efforts to revise the current Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT). The first "Individual Efficiency Test" (1920) for all Soldiers consisted of a 100-yard run, running broad jump, wall climb, hand grenade throw, and obstacle course. The first scientific efforts involved testing of 400 Soldiers and a factor analysis of 25 individual test items. In 1944, this resulted in a 7-item test (pull-up, burpee, squat jump, push-up, man-carry, sit-up and 300-yard run) with a 100-point scoring system. In 1943, women were encouraged to take a "self-assessment" consisting of push-ups, bent knee sit-ups, wing lifts, squat thrusts, running, and a stork stand. In 1946, age-adjusted standards were introduced and in 1965 semiannual fitness assessments were mandated. The number of tests proliferated in the 1969-1973 period with 7 separate assessments. The current APFT consisting of push-ups, sit-ups, and a 2-mile run was introduced in 1980 and alternative tests for those with physical limitations in 1982. Current efforts to revise the assessment involve systematic literature reviews and validating the relationship between test items and common Soldiering tasks.

La Educación Física y su inserción en el campo de la Salud Colectiva en Brasil: en búsqueda de un diálogo crítico sobre interfaces, pertenencias y sentidos / Physical Education and its insertion in the Collective Health field: searching for a critical dialogue about interfaces, aptness and senses

Se pretende suscitar una reflexión crítica sobre las concepciones vigentes sobre salud y cuerpo en la Educación Física (EF) brasileña, analizando también limitaciones y necesidades en las investigaciones relacionadas al tema, con el propósito de sugerir elementos contextuales para la aproximación del área al campo de la Salud Colectiva. En la actualidad, la Educación Física se viene insertando en el ámbito de las políticas de salud pública del país, mayormente, como promotora de prácticas sistemáticas de actividad física (AF). En cierto sentido, EF y AF han sido confundidas como sinónimos. Este texto busca cuestionar la exclusividad de tal comprensión, a pesar de reconocer rasgos históricos disciplinantes de la EF en su génesis militarista, que justifican en parte esta visión simplista. Propone entonces una análisis contemporánea sintetizada del trío cuerpo-salud-mercado y apunta, finalmente, a que las premisas constitutivas de la Salud Colectiva puedan ofrecer perspectivas políticas y epistemológicas valiosas para legitimar los profesionales y los investigadores de la EF como agentes promotores de conocimientos y prácticas corporales éticas en salud, que respetan y consideran la diversidad sócio-económica y cultural en sus intervenciones en la población.

This essay aims to rise a critical reflection about the health and body conceptions in the Brazilian Physical Education (PE), also examining its limitations and necessities in the thematic researches linked to this conceptions, with the objective to suggest contextual elements to approach the area with the Collective Health field. More recently PE has been inserting in public health services as systematic physical activities (PA) promoter. In the some way, PE and PA have been considering the same. This paper aims to question this misunderstanding, although it recognizes discipline historic traces of PE in its militarist genesis which partially justify this reductionism comprehension. It also proposes a brief analysis about the "body-health-market" theme. Finally, it shows that the constitutive premises of Collective Health can offer valuable epistemological and political perspectives to legitimate researchers and professionals of PE as promoters of ethical knowledge and body practices in health, respecting and considering socioeconomic and cultural diversity in their interventions in the population.